Composição florística de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica na Serra da Jibóia, Santa Terezinha, Bahia, Brasil

This paper presents a checklist of the phanerogamic flora of a Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in the Serra da Jibóia, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Bahia. The survey was based on collections previously made at the “Morro da Pioneira”, in the northern part of the mountain range, currently housed at the HUEFS herbarium. A total of 269 species belonging to 195 genera of 80 families of flowering plants are listed. The families with higher specific diversity were Leguminosae (29), Rubiaceae (16), Asteraceae (12), Melastomataceae (12), Orchidaceae (11), Myrtaceae (10), Solanaceae (10), Bromeliaceae (10), and Poaceae (9). Among canopy plants, the families most representative were Leguminosae (15), Myrtaceae (7), Melastomataceae (7), Solanaceae (6), Lauraceae (5), Annonaceae (4), Rubiaceae (4), Apocynaceae (3), and Clusiaceae (3). This survey illustrates the great floristic diversity and the presence of endemic and restricted distribution of Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest species, characterizing this fragment as an important remainder of this biome in Bahia.Este trabalho apresenta uma lista da flora fanerogâmica de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica na Serra da Jibóia, município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia. O levantamento florístico foi baseado em coletas no Morro da Pioneira, extremo norte da serra, e em espécimes anteriormente depositados no herbário HUEFS. Foram listadas 269 espécies pertencentes a 195 gêneros de 80 famílias de fanerógamas. As famílias com maior diversidade específica foram Leguminosae (29), Rubiaceae (16), Asteraceae (12), Melastomataceae (12), Orchidaceae (11), Myrtaceae (10), Solanaceae (10), Bromeliaceae (10) e Poaceae (9). No estrato arbóreo, as famílias mais representativas foram Leguminosae (15), Myrtaceae (7), Melastomataceae (7), Solanaceae (6), Lauraceae (5), Annonaceae (4), Rubiaceae (4), Apocynaceae (3) e Clusiaceae (3). Constatou-se uma grande diversidade florística e a presença de espécies endêmicas e de distribuição restrita da Mata Atlântica, que permite caracterizar esse fragmento como um importante remanescente desse bioma na Bahia

An overlooked new species of Desmodium (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) from Argentina.

More than seventy years ago Arturo Burkart transferred Meimomia riedelii to Desmodium riedelii and confirmed the occurrence of this species in Argentina. His position was based only on the original description and a photo of one of the syntypes. Fieldwork in northeastern Argentina and central Brazil and examination of all syntypes of Meibomia riedelii revealed that these are not conspecific with Argentinean specimens and a new species, Desmodium burkartii, is described here. This new species is restricted to grasslands in the Province of Corrientes in northeastern Argentina and is promptly differentiated from D. riedelii by shape of leaflets, shape and number of articles of loments, besides quantitative traitsFil: Lima, Laura C. P.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Vanni, Ricardo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: de Queiroz, Luciano P.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Tozzi, Ana M. G. A.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasi

Phylogeny and biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae)

The Neotropics is the most species-rich area in the world, and the mechanisms that generated and maintain its biodiversity are still debated. This paper contributes to the debate by investigating the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae). Ceiba comprises 18 mostly Neotropical species, largely endemic to two major biomes, seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) and rain forests. Its species are among the most characteristic elements of Neotropical SDTF, one of the most threatened biomes in the tropics. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data (from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers [nrITS] for 30 accessions representing 14 species of Ceiba) recovered the genus as monophyletic. The phylogeny showed geographic and ecological structure in three main clades: (i) a rain forest lineage of nine accessions of C. pentandra sister to the remaining species; (ii) a highly supported clade composed of C. schottii and C. aesculifolia from Central American and Mexican SDTF, plus two accessions of C. samauma from semi-humid, inter Andean valleys in Peru; and (iii) a highly supported South American SDTF clade including 10 species showing little sequence variation. Within this South American SDTF clade, no species represented by multiple accessions were resolved as monophyletic. We demonstrate that the patterns of species age, monophyly, and geographic structure previously reported for SDTF species within the Leguminosae family are not shared by Ceiba, suggesting that further phylogenetic studies of unrelated groups are required to understand general patterns

New segregates from the Neotropical genus Stryphnodendron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)

Non-monophyly is a prominent issue in mimosoid legumes, even in some of the less speciose genera such as the neotropical genus Stryphnodendron. This genus includes 35 species occurring from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil mostly in humid forests and savannas. Previous taxonomic studies of Stryphnodendron have highlighted morphologically distinct groups within the genus, recognized by differences on leaves (number of pinnae and size of leaflets), inflorescences (a simple or compound thyrse), and fruit types (legume, nucoid legume or follicle). Recent phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the non-monophyly of Stryphnodendron, supporting the recognition of three independent and morphologically well-delimited genera. Here we re-circumscribe Stryphnodendron and propose the two new genera Gwilymia and Naiadendron. In addition, we also provide an updated taxonomic account of the closely related genus Microlobius, including the proposal of a lectotype for the single species in the genus

Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae with ca. 4,600 species in 152 genera is the second-largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) and forms an ecologically and economically important group of trees, shrubs and lianas with a pantropical distribution. Despite major advances in the last few decades towards aligning genera with clades across Caesalpinioideae, generic delimitation remains in a state of considerable flux, especially across the mimosoid clade. We test the monophyly of genera across Caesalpinioideae via phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes sequenced via targeted enrichment (Hybseq) for 420 species and 147 of the 152 genera currently recognised in the subfamily. We show that 22 genera are non-monophyletic or nested in other genera and that non-monophyly is concentrated in the mimosoid clade where ca. 25% of the 90 genera are found to be non-monophyletic. We suggest two main reasons for this pervasive generic non-monophyly: (i) extensive morphological homoplasy that we document here for a handful of important traits and, particularly, the repeated evolution of distinctive fruit types that were historically emphasised in delimiting genera and (ii) this is an artefact of the lack of pantropical taxonomic syntheses and sampling in previous phylogenies and the consequent failure to identify clades that span the Old World and New World or conversely amphi-Atlantic genera that are non-monophyletic, both of which are critical for delimiting genera across this large pantropical clade. Finally, we discuss taxon delimitation in the phylogenomic era and especially how assessing patterns of gene tree conflict can provide additional insights into generic delimitation. This new phylogenomic framework provides the foundations for a series of papers reclassifying genera that are presented here in Advances in Legume Systematics (ALS) 14 Part 1, for establishing a new higher-level phylogenetic tribal and clade-based classification of Caesalpinioideae that is the focus of ALS14 Part 2 and for downstream analyses of evolutionary diversification and biogeography of this important group of legumes which are presented elsewhere

Whipple's Disease With Neurological Manifestations: Case Report.

Whipple's disease (WD) is an uncommon multisystem condition caused by the bacillus Tropheryma whipplei. Central nervous system involvement is a classical feature of the disease observed in 20 to 40% of the patients. We report the case of a 62 year old man with WD that developed neurological manifestations during its course, and discuss the most usual signs and symptoms focusing on recent diagnostic criteria and novel treatment regimens.62342-

Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation

PREMISE Targeted enrichment methods facilitate sequencing of hundreds of nuclear loci to enhance phylogenetic resolution and elucidate why some parts of the “tree of life” are difficult (if not impossible) to resolve. The mimosoid legumes are a prominent pantropical clade of ~3300 species of woody angiosperms for which previous phylogenies have shown extensive lack of resolution, especially among the species‐rich and taxonomically challenging ingoids. METHODS We generated transcriptomes to select low‐copy nuclear genes, enrich these via hybrid capture for representative species of most mimosoid genera, and analyze the resulting data using de novo assembly and various phylogenomic tools for species tree inference. We also evaluate gene tree support and conflict for key internodes and use phylogenetic network analysis to investigate phylogenetic signal across the ingoids. RESULTS Our selection of 964 nuclear genes greatly improves phylogenetic resolution across the mimosoid phylogeny and shows that the ingoid clade can be resolved into several well‐supported clades. However, nearly all loci show lack of phylogenetic signal for some of the deeper internodes within the ingoids. CONCLUSIONS Lack of resolution in the ingoid clade is most likely the result of hyperfast diversification, potentially causing a hard polytomy of six or seven lineages. The gene set for targeted sequencing presented here offers great potential to further enhance the phylogeny of mimosoids and the wider Caesalpinioideae with denser taxon sampling, to provide a framework for taxonomic reclassification, and to study the ingoid radiation