Solaropsis brasiliana, anatomy, range extension and its phylogenetic position within pleurodontidae (Mollusca, gastropoda, stylommatophora)

A detailed anatomical revision on Solaropsis brasiliana (Deshayes 1832) has been carried out. New characters on shell, anatomy of soft parts, and a review of the genus distribution in South America, as well as clarification on S. brasiliana distributional area are provided in the present study. Solaropsis brasiliana is diagnosed by its globose, solid, and hirsute shell, with periphery obsoletely angular, bursa copulatrix with a thick, long diverticulum, a thick, long flagellum and a penis retractor muscle forked, with the vas deferens passing through it. This compiled information was used to test the phylogenetic position of S. brasiliana within South American Pleurodontidae through a cladistics analysis. In the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained, S. brasiliana is sister group of S. gibboni (Pfeiffer 1846) and the monophyly of the genus Solaropsis Beck is also supported. Here, we sustain that the distribution of S. brasiliana is restricted to Brazil, inhabiting the States of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais.Fil: Cuezzo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; ArgentinaFil: De Lima, Augusto P.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Barbosa Santos, Sonia B.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasi

Diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado a personas con Covid-19 en estado crítico

Objective: To develop and validate a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for COVID-19 patients in critical care. Method: This is a methodological study, which followed the guidelines of the Brazilian method, using the Basic Human Needs as a theoretical model. Content validation was performed by 25 specialist nurses using the Delphi technique. Results: A total of 73 diagnoses and their respective nursing results were prepared. Of these, 62 statements had a Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80, with the need for oxygenation having the highest number of statements. Of the 210 nursing interventions developed, and after suggestions from experts, 150 interventions reached an index ≥ 0.80 and comprised the terminological subset. Conclusion: The terminological subset developed showed statements that were validated by specialist nurses and, therefore, are relevant to the nurse’s clinic in the critical care scenario associated with Covid-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modificações nos padrões de consumo de psicofármacos em localidade do Sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and patterns of psychotropic use by population and to compare the results with a study carried out in 1994. METHODS: This is a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in 2003 with 3,542 participants aged 15 or older who lived in an urban area in Southern Brazil. Two-week recall data were collected in household interviews through the same questionnaire used in the 1994 study. The variables studied were age, gender, race, education, family income, marital status, smoking, medical diagnosis of hypertension, and physician visit at last three months. Pearson's Chi-square and linear tendency were used in the bivariate analysis. Four levels of multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of psychotropic use was 9.9% (CI 95%: 8.9-10.9). There was no significant difference among standardized age groups when compared to the prevalence rates observed in 1994. Higher psychotropic use was associated with being female, older age, medical diagnosis of hypertension, and health service utilization. Of those interviewed, 74% of those drug users were using psychotropic drugs for over three months. CONCLUSIONS: A decade later, prevalence remained high, yet psychotropic drug use did not increase. The association between health service utilization and consumption shows the importance of the appropriate prescription of psychotropic drugs and regular follow-up of those prescribed them by physicians.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e padrão de consumo de psicofármacos pela população e comparar esses resultados com outro estudo de 1994. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, com 3.542 indivíduos de 15 anos ou mais, residentes na zona urbana de Pelotas em 2003. Os dados referentes ao consumo de duas semanas foram coletados em entrevistas domiciliares, utilizando um questionário idêntico ao utilizado em 1994. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, cor da pele, situação conjugal, renda familiar, escolaridade, tabagismo, diagnóstico médico de hipertensão e consulta médica nos últimos três meses. Na análise bivariada, utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e de tendência linear. A análise multivariada foi composta por quatro níveis. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de consumo de psicofármacos foi de 9,9% (IC 95%: 8,9-10,9). Ao comparar as prevalências padronizadas por idade, não houve diferença significativa em relação à prevalência observada em 1994. O maior consumo de psicofármacos associou-se significativamente a: ser do sexo feminino, o aumento da idade, o diagnóstico médico de hipertensão e a utilização de serviços médicos. Dos entrevistados, 74% dos usuários estavam utilizando psicofármacos há mais de três meses. CONCLUSÕES: Após uma década, a prevalência permanece alta, porém o consumo de psicofármacos não aumentou. Os achados sugerem a importância da indicação adequada dos psicofármacos e do acompanhamento médico regular desses usuários, dada a associação encontrada entre as consultas e o consumo

Diagnósticos de enfermería para personas que viven con VIH: relaciones entre terminologías

Objectives: to identify the relationships between nursing diagnoses for people living with HIV from the NANDAInternational terminologies and International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) and to validate the equivalent meanings for diagnoses between language systems. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted in a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil, consisting of the following stages: 1) Identification of clinical findings through interviews and physical examinations with people living with HIV based on a validated script; 2) Structuring nursing diagnoses by means of Risner’s clinical judgment; 3) Cross-mapping of nursing diagnosis statements with NANDA-I and ICNP® ; 4) Two rounds of Content validation using the Delphi technique with specialist nurses, for diagnoses with equivalent meanings between the systems. Data collection took place from August to November 2018. Results: in the preparation and identification of diagnoses, 135 nursing diagnoses were obtained, of which 62% (n=84) are included in the terminology of the ICNP® and 38% (n=51), from NANDA-International. For 81% (n=68) of the nursing diagnoses from the ICNP®, the absence of direct mapping in NANDA-international was identified, with 19% (n=16). The study showed that 47 diagnoses presented equivalent meanings. Conclusion: both systems enable the identification of nursing diagnoses accurately and have the ability to assist in the development of an individualized care plan for people living with HIV.Objetivos: identificar as relações entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem para pessoas vivendo com HIV das terminologias NANDA-Internacional e Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®) e validar a equivalência de significados dos diagnósticos entre os sistemas de linguagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital de referência no Nordeste do Brasil, constituído pelas etapas: 1) Identificação dos achados clínicos por meio de entrevista e exame físico com pessoas que viviam com HIV norteada por um roteiro validado; 2) Estruturação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem por meio do julgamento clínico de Risner; 3) Mapeamento cruzado dos enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem com os sistemas de classificação da NANDA-I e CIPE® ; 4) Validação de conteúdo utilizando a técnica Delphi, em duas rodadas, com enfermeiros especialistas, para os diagnósticos com equivalência de significados entre os sistemas. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto a novembro de 2018. Resultados: na elaboração e identificação dos diagnósticos obtiveram-se 135 diagnósticos de enfermagem, destes, 62% (n=84) constam da CIPE® e 38% (n=51), da NANDA-Internacional. Para 81% (n=68) dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da CIPE® foi identificada a ausência de mapeamento direto na NANDAInternacional, constando 19% (n=16). O estudo evidenciou que 47 diagnósticos apresentaram equivalência de significados. Conclusão: ambos os sistemas possibilitam a identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem com acurácia e possuem a capacidade de auxiliar na elaboração de um plano de cuidados individualizado para pessoas vivendo com HIV.Objetivos: identificar las relaciones entre los diagnósticos de enfermería para personas que viven con el VIH a partir de las terminologías NANDA-International y la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®) y validar la equivalencia de significados sobre diagnósticos entre sistemas lingüísticos. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital de referencia en el noreste de Brasil, que consta de las siguientes etapas: 1) Identificación de hallazgos clínicos a través de entrevistas y exámenes físicos con personas que viven con el VIH con base en un guión validado; 2) Estructuración de diagnósticos de enfermería a través del juicio clínico de Risner; 3) Mapeo cruzado de las declaraciones de diagnóstico de enfermería con los sistemas de clasificación NANDA-I y CIPE®; 4) Dos rondas de Validación de Contenido mediante la técnica Delphi con enfermeras especialistas, para diagnósticos con equivalencia de significados entre sistemas. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de agosto a noviembre de 2018. Resultados: en la elaboración e identificación de diagnósticos se obtuvieron 135 diagnósticos de enfermería, de los cuales el 62% (n=84) están incluidos en la terminología de la CIPE® y el 38% (n=51), de la NANDAInternacional. Para el 81% (n=68) de los diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE®, se identificó la ausencia de mapeo directo en la NANDA-internacional, con el 19% (n=16). El estudio mostró que 47 diagnósticos presentaron equivalencia de significados. Conclusión: ambos sistemas posibilitan la identificación de diagnósticos de enfermería con precisión y tienen la capacidad de auxiliar en la elaboración de un plan de atención individualizado para personas que viven con VIH.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of terminological subset for people with covid-19 sequelae

Objectives: to develop a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) for people with covid-19 sequelae.® Method: methodological study, which followed the steps: Identification of the relevant terms contained in the literature related to Covid-19 sequelae; Cross-mapping of the terms identified in the review with the terms of the classification; Construction of the statements of diagnoses, outcomes and nursing interventions and mapping of the constructed statements; Content validation of the statements by specialist nurses; and Structuring of the subset based on Roy’s Adaptation Model. For data analysis, the Content Validity Index was used, and the statements with Content Validity Index were validated ≥ 0.80. Content validation was performed by 28 specialist nurses. Results: 178 statements of nursing diagnoses/outcomes were constructed, with 450 nursing intervention statements. After content validation, a quantity of 127 diagnoses/outcomes and 148 nursing interventions were obtained, which comprised the terminological subset proposed in the study. Conclusion: the validated statements that make up the terminological subset with greater predominance were those outlines in the physiological adaptive mode. However, the repercussions on the spiritual, social and personal dimensions are also highlighted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anthelmintic Activity In Vivo of Epiisopiloturine against Juvenile and Adult Worms of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomiasis is a serious disease currently estimated to affect more that 207 million people worldwide. Due to the intensive use of praziquantel, there is increasing concern about the development of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to search for and investigate new potential schistosomicidal compounds. This work reports the in vivo effect of the alkaloid epiisopiloturine (EPI) against adults and juvenile worms of Schistosoma mansoni. EPI was first purified its thermal behavior and theoretical solubility parameters charaterised. In the experiment, mice were treated with EPI over the 21 days post-infection with the doses of 40 and 200 mg/kg, and 45 days post-infection with single doses of 40, 100 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment with EPI at 40 mg/kg was more effective in adult worms when compared with doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment with 40 mg/kg in adult worms reduced parasite burden significantly, lead to reduction in hepatosplenomegaly, reduced the egg burden in faeces, and decreased granuloma diameter. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological changes to the parasite tegument after treatment, including the loss of important features. Additionally, the in vivo treatment against juvenile with 40 mg/kg showed a reduction of the total worm burden of 50.2%. Histopathological studies were performed on liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain and EPI was shown to have a DL50 of 8000 mg/kg. Therefore EPI shows potential to be used in schistosomiasis treatment. This is the first time that schistosomicidal in vivo activity of EPI has been reported

Bologna process, higher education and a few considerations about the New University

O presente artigo analisa o que se convencionou chamar de Processo de Bolonha, isto é, a produção de uma “política pública de um meta-Estado para um meta-campo universitário”, constituindo-se em uma política educacional supranacional, comum aos estados-membros da União Européia, com vista à construção de um “espaço europeu de educação superior”. O processo político e de reformas institucionais, realizado por cada governo nacional, conduzirá ao estabelecimento efetivo do novo sistema europeu de educação superior até 2010, incluindo atualmente 45 países – todos os da UE e outros 18 países europeus não pertencentes a ela. Nesse sentido, por se tratar de um vastíssimo número de “subsistemas nacionais” e de instituições educativas, atribui-se um grande protagonismo às questões relativas à “garantia de qualidade”. Analisam-se, igualmente, as recentes transformações na educação superior no Brasil, em que o projeto da chamada “Universidade Nova” e o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI) constituem-se nas manifestações mais claras do reordenamento desse nível de ensino (seguindo os parâmetros de Bolonha), que já experimentara grandes transformações nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e teve prosseguimento nos governos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2006; 2007), embora com distintos matizes.This article analyzes what is conventionally known as the Bologna Process, or the making of a “public policy of a meta-State for a University meta-field” that corresponds to a supranational educational policy for all the European Union membership States, with the goal of building a “European higher education space.” The political process and the institutional reforms of each national government intends to establish the new European higher education system until 2010, with 45 countries – the number reflects current developments, including the EU membership States and 18 non-EU countries. Given the high quantity and the myriads of “national subsystems” and educational institutions involved, “quality assurance” becomes a major task in this process. We analyze, in the same way, the recent higher education changes in Brazil, where the so-called “New University” project and the Program of Support for the Restructuring and Expansion of Brazilian Federal Universities (REUNI, in Portuguese) are the clearest expressions of the reshaping of the higher education system (in accordance with the Bologna standards) after the dramatic changes made by Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s government (1995-2002) and continued by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva´s government (2003-2006; 2007), despite some differences between both administrations