Rehabilitación de vivienda unifamiliar en calle Ruaya nº7 de Valencia

[ES] El presente trabajo consiste en la realización de un estudio técnico para la reforma y su posterior rehabilitación de un edificio de dos plantas. La intervención la realizaremos únicamente sobre las fachadas, cubierta y planta primera, la planta baja, pese a realizar su análisis y levantamiento gráfico, no la rehabilitaremos.[EN] This work involves conducting a technical study for reform and their subsequent refurbishment of a building of two floors. The intervention will make only on the facades, roof and first floor, the ground floor, despite its analysis and graphic uprising, will not go to rehabilitate.Morales De La Hoz, A. (2016). Rehabilitación de vivienda unifamiliar en calle Ruaya nº7 de Valencia. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68896.TFG

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Background: Colombia detected its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on March 2, 2020. From March 22 to April 25, it implemented a national lockdown that, apparently, allowed the country to keep a low incidence and mortality rate up to mid-May. Forced by the economic losses, the government then opened many commercial activities, which was followed by an increase in cases and deaths. This paper presents a critical analysis of the Colombian surveillance data in order to identify strengths and pitfalls of the control measures. Methods: A descriptive analysis of PCR-confirmed cases between March and July 25 was performed. Data were described according to the level of measurement. Incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were estimated by age, sex, and geographical area. Sampling rates for suspected cases were estimated by geographical area, and the potential for case underestimation was assessed using sampling differences. Results: By July 25, Colombia (population 50 372 424) had reported 240 745 cases and 8269 deaths (case fatality rate of 3.4%). A total of 1 370 271 samples had been analyzed (27405 samples per million people), with a positivity rate of 17%. Sampling rates per million varied by region from 2664 to 158 681 per million, and consequently the incidence and mortality rates also varied. Due to geographical variations in surveillance capacity, Colombia may have overlooked up to 82% of the actual cases. Conclusion: Colombia has a lower case and mortality incidence compared to other South American countries. This may be an effect of the lockdown, but may also be attributed, to some extent, to geographical differences in surveillance capacity. Indigenous populations with little health infrastructure have been hit the hardest

Policies and processes for human papillomavirus vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean

e124Objectives. Three highly effective vaccines are available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and they have been introduced in many countries around the world. This article describes advances and challenges in introducing HPV vaccines in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. We reviewed national and regional sources of information to identify LAC countries with and without universal HPV vaccination, along with the year of introduction, type of HPV vaccine, vaccination scheme, age groups targeted, and coverage level reached. Incidence rates of cervical cancer were compared across countries with and without an HPV vaccination program, in order to identify inequities in access to HPV vaccines. Results. So far, 10 LAC countries have supplied data on their vaccination policies and vaccination coverage rates to the Pan America Health Organization. The majority of those 10 started their vaccination programs using quadrivalent vaccine. Only Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico started their programs using a two-dose scheme. However, by the end of 2016, most of the other countries had switched from a three-dose to a two-dose scheme. Different age groups are targeted in the various programs. Some countries vaccinate one-year birth cohorts, while others vaccinate multiple-year birth cohorts. By the end of 2014, coverage with at least two doses ranged from a low of 2% to a high of 86%. With the exception of Venezuela, the LAC countries with the largest populations introduced universal HPV vaccination between 2010 and 2014. Despite the progress that has occurred in some LAC countries, there are still 10 LAC nations with cervical cancer rates above the LAC average (21.2 cases per 100 000) that have not introduced an HPV vaccine in their EPI. Conclusions. With several key adjustments, HPV vaccination programs across Latin America and the Caribbean could be substantially strengthened. Ongoing monitoring of HPV infection outcomes is needed in order to assess the impact of different vaccination policies

Formación Profesional Dual

Las previsiones del mercado laboral y las nuevas tecnologías muestran que en la próxima década cerca de la mitad de los trabajos demandarán profesionales con titulaciones intermedias. El porcentaje de profesionales en España está muy por debajo de la media de otros países siendo uno de los factores que han contribuido a que las tasas de desempleo entre la juventud se hayan disparado en los últimos años.Diversos estudios han puesto de manifiesto que uno de los métodos más eficaces para adquisición de competencias es la combinación entre el aprendizaje teórico y la puesta en práctica de dichos conocimientos, es aquí donde irrumpe como una fórmula de éxito la formación profesional dual donde se corresponsabiliza de la formación del estudiante al centro educativo junto con las empresas. Esto aporta múltiples beneficios a los distintos agentes involucrados como veremos en este trabajo.Realizamos un análisis de dicho modelo en nuestro país, y buscamos su implementación en el centro de realización de las prácticas del master, la Fundación Laboral de la Construcción, perteneciente a la familia de la obra civil y la edificación. Sector en el que España siempre ha generado una gran cantidad de empleo y que con los avances tecnológicos se ha modernizado demandando profesionales con alta cualificación para dar respuesta a la creación de viviendas modernas y eficientes. Con ello pretendemos aportar nuestro granito de arena a la modernización y aplicación de esta dualidad a los estudios contenidos en esta rama, lo cual contribuirá a una mayor empleabilidad y disposición a las empresas de técnicos cualificados.<br /

Lactococcus garvieae, an unusual pathogen in infective endocarditis: case report and review of the literature

Lactococcus garvieae is an unusual cause of infective endocarditis (IE). No current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are available to treat IE caused by these organisms. Based on a case report, we provide a review of the literature of IE caused by L. garvieae and highlight diagnostic and treatment challenges of these infections and implications for management. A 50-year-old Asian male with mitral prosthetic valve presented to the hospital with intracranial haemorrhage, which was successfully treated. Three weeks later, he complained of generalized malaise. Further work up revealed blood cultures positive for Gram-positive cocci identified as L. garvieae by MALDI-TOF. An echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of IE. Susceptibility testing showed resistance only to clindamycin. Vancomycin plus gentamicin were started as empirical therapy and, subsequently, the combination of ceftriaxone plus gentamicin was used after susceptibility studies were available. After two weeks of combination therapy, ceftriaxone was continued as monotherapy for six additional weeks with good outcome. Twenty-five cases of IE by Lactococcus garvieae have been reported in the literature. Compared to other Gram-positive cocci, L. garvieae affects more frequently patients with prosthetic valves. IE presents in a subacute manner and the case fatality rate can be as high as 16%, comparable to that of streptococcal IE (15.7%). Reliable methods for identification of L. garvieae include MALDI-TOF, 16S RNA PCR, API 32 strep kit and BD Automated Phoenix System. Recommended antimicrobials for L. garvieae IE are ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone or vancomycin in monotherapy or in combination with gentamicin

Wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things

El Internet de las cosas (IoT) percibe un mundo donde los dispositivos que lo conforman pueden ser identificados en el Internet y está creciendo a un ritmo acelerado con nuevos dispositivos que se van conectando. En este sentido, las redes de sensores inalámbricos juegan un papel importante para incrementar la ubicuidad de las redes con dispositivos inteligentes de bajo costo y fácil implementación, con estándares como IEEE 802.15.4 en la capa física, 6LoWPAN en la capa de red, y RPL como protocolo de enrutamiento, que se integran en el concepto de IoT para traer nuevas experiencias en las actividades de la vida diaria, como por ejemplo en aplicaciones para hogares y oficinas confortables, salud, vigilancia del medio ambiente y ciudades inteligentes. En el presente artículo se relacionará a la red de sensores inalámbricos con el Internet de las cosas a través de estándares y protocolos.The Internet of Things (IoT) perceives a world where the devices that make it up can be identified on the Internet and is growing at an accelerated pace with new devices that are connecting. In this sense, wireless sensor networks play an important role in increasing the ubiquity of networks with smart devices low cost and easy implementation, with standards such as IEEE 802.15.4 in the physical layer, 6LoWPAN in the network layer, and RPL as a routing protocol, which are integrated into the IoT concept to bring new experiences in the activities of the daily life, such as in applications for comfortable homes and offices, health, environmental monitoring and smart cities. In this article, the wireless sensor network will be related to the Internet of things through standards and protocols

Características clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad respiratoria severa durante temporadas de influenza en las ciudades de Bogotá y Manizales, Colombia 2000-2006

Objetivo Identifi car factores clínicos y sociodemográfi cos asociados a enfermedad respiratoria severa durante las temporadas de circulación de infl uenza Métodos Se realizó un estudio de casos retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad respiratoria aguda durante las temporadas de circulación del virus de la infl uenza del año 2000 al 2006 en tres hospitales de Bogota y Manizales. Se estudio la frecuencia de complicaciones, incluyendo la muerte, y su relación con la presencia de enfermedades de base. Resultados Se estudiaron 535 niños menores de dos años y 288 adultos mayores de 65 años. En los niños, la presencia de una enfermedad de base se relacionó con complicaciones como la muerte hospitalaria (OR=16,5 IC 95 % 4,7-57,7), , el ingreso a UCI (OR=6,3 IC 95 % 3,5-11,3 ), difi cultad respiratoria que ameritaba uso de ventilación mecánica (OR= 2,4 IC 95 % 1,6-3,7),) y, la neumonía multilobar (OR=2,1 IC 95 %1,3-3,4),.Esta asociación se mantenia después de ajustar por factores de confusion como edad y estrato socioeconomico. En los adultos mayores no se observó esta relación. Conclusiones Durante las temporadas de infl uenza los niños con enfermedad crónica presentan una enfermedad más severa. Los niños menores de 6 meses, que no son objeto de vacunación, mostraron tener mayor frecuencia de complicaciones importantes como la muerte y el ingreso a UCI Es necesario por tal razón tener en cuenta este aspecto para el ajuste en las medidas de prevención y control tales como la vacunación.Objective Identifying clinical factors associated with respiratory tract diseases during human infl uenza circulation seasons in children aged less than two years old and adults aged over 65 years in two hospitals in the cities of Manizales and Bogota, Colombia. Methods A retrospective case study in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness was carried out during infl uenza circulation seasons from 2000 to 2006 in Bogota and Manizales. Complication frequency was studied, including death, and its relationship with baseline diseases. Results 535 children under two years of age and 288 adults over 65 years old were studied. 38.9 % of the children and 27 % of the adults had at least one complication. The presence of underlying disease in children was associated with complications such as hospital death (OR=16.5; 4.7-57.7 95%CI), being admitted to an intensive care unit (OR=6.3; 3.5-11.3 95%CI), respiratory distress needing FIO2> 40 % (OR=2.4; 1.6-3.7 95 %CI), mechanical ventilation (OR=2.4; 1.6-3.7 95 %CI) and multilobar pneumonia (OR=2.1; 1.3-3.4 95 %CI). This association remained after adjusting for confounding factors such as age and socioeconomic status, whilst such relationship was not observed in older adults. Conclusion Children with underlying chronic diseases were more susceptible to clinical complications during infl uenza seasons. Those under 6 months of age were particularly prone to dying or being admitted to an ICU. These results suggested that vaccination policies need to be adjusted

Modeling of Path Loss for RadioWave Propagation in Wireless Sensor Networks in Cassava Crops Using Machine Learning

Modeling radio signal propagation remains one of the most critical tasks in the planning of wireless communication systems, including wireless sensor networks (WSN). Despite the existence of a considerable number of propagation models, the studies aimed at characterizing the attenuation in the wireless channel are still numerous and relevant. These studies are used in the design and planning of wireless networks deployed in various environments, including those with abundant vegetation. This paper analyzes the performance of three vegetation propagation models, ITU-R, FITU-R, and COST-235, and compares them with path loss measurements conducted in a cassava field in Sincelejo, Colombia. Additionally, we applied four machine learning techniques: linear regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), aiming to enhance prediction accuracy levels. The results show that vegetation models based on traditional approaches are not able to adequately characterize attenuation, while models obtained by machine learning using RF, K-NN, and SVM can predict path loss in cassava with RMSE and MAE values below 5 dB

Calculo, diseño y optimización de un sistema de cable esquí portátil sobre vehículo

Este proyecto aborda el cálculo y diseño de la estructura portante sustentadora y el sistema de tracción para una instalación portátil de cable esquí. El proyecto incluye el cálculo del cable tractor que desplaza al esquiador, dimensionamiento de la estructura en forma de escalera que soporta el sistema de poleas tractor, así como del propio sistema tractor, compuestos por un conjunto de poleas, tambores de cable, una cadena de rodillos, reductor y motor. También se incluye el cálculo del cable de equilibrio de la estructura y un conjunto de patas que estabilizan el producto completo. En primer lugar, se han analizado las tensiones a las que se ve sometido el cable tractor por parte del esquiador y del propio peso del cable. Con esta tensión definida se han calculado los esfuerzos a los que se someterá la estructura portante, y se ha dimensionado consiguientemente. El siguiente paso ha sido el diseño y cálculo del sistema superior de poleas, y la polea del extremo opuesto. Ambas se han sometido a un proceso de elementos finitos para determinar el grosor de la chapa que lo compone. Mas adelante se idea el método por el que se traccionara el cable y se dimensiona el tambor que almacenara el mismo, así como los ejes, rodamientos, soportes, motor y reductor que lo componen, también se usa el método de elementos finitos para calcular los soportes que sustentan el sistema tractor. Para terminar, se estudia el sistema de montaje y desmontaje del conjunto portátil