2,564 research outputs found
Liner radius fluctuations in a high-gain Cherenkov free-electron laser
Phase shifts in the propagating electromagnetic field of a Cherenkov free-electron laser (CFEL) can affect its gain. The phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave varies, for example, when the lined waveguide is inhomogeneous along its length. In this paper, we study quantitatively the saturated power of a particular CFEL at both weak and strong electron-beam pumping when the inner radius of the liner contains fluctuations along the waveguide. We show that the gain bandwidth of the CFEL is substantially broadened when the CFEL is pumped with a high-current beam. We also show that the design of a CFEL needs to include optimization with respect to sensitivity to liner fluctuations, especially for weakly pumped CFELs, that is, CFELs that use a low-current electron-beam density. This optimization can be relaxed for more strongly pumped CFELs
Relation and effect of resilience on burnout in nurses: A literature review and meta-analysis
Aim: To study the relation between burnout and resilience and to identify the profile of
nurses presenting this quality.
Background and Introduction: Healthcare professionals are subject to high rates of
burnout. Resilience could be an important factor in preventing or alleviating this
condition.
Methods: The PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were consulted
in February 2022 using the equation ‘burnout AND resilience AND nurs*’. The
inclusion criteria applied were that the texts should describe quantitative studies, be
published in English or Spanish, in any year, and be directly related to the question
considered. The meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect statistical software.
Results: Analysis of the 29 studies shows that among the dimensions of burnout, nurses
are especially prone to emotional exhaustion, and are less affected by depersonalisation
and low personal accomplishment. Those who score highly for resilience tend to
have longer service experience, acceptable salaries and lesswork overload.Meta-analysis
reveals an inverse correlation between resilience and burnout (r = −0.41; n = 2750),
exhaustion (r=−0.27; n = 6966) and depersonalisation (r=−0.23; n = 6115).
Conclusion: Many nurses present low levels of resilience and suffer from burnout syndrome.
The application of programmes to enhance their resilience would help prevent
burnout and optimise the potential to provide quality health care.
Implications for nursing and health policy: Resilience is inversely correlated with
burnout, depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion. Accordingly, healthcare organisations
should develop and implement evidence-based programmes to foster nurses’
resilience and thus reduce their susceptibility to burnout.FEDER/ConsejerÃa de Universidad, Investigación e
Innovación de la Junta de AndalucÃa, Grant/Award
Number: Project: P20_0062
An Explanatory Model of Potential Changes in Burnout Diagnosis According to Personality Factors in Oncology Nurses
Burnout in a hospital oncology service takes place when there is a high level of interaction
between nurses and patients. The aim of the present study is to identify models that will
enable us to accurately classify a person at a given level within each of the three dimensions
of burnout, according to the values presented for personality related explanatory variables, for
a sample of 96 oncology nurses working in the regional health service of Andalusia (Spain).
A quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study was designed, and for this purpose
data on sociodemographic and personality variables and on the three dimensions of burnout were
compiled. Three categorical-response logit ordinal models were used and the prognostic ratios
for each level were obtained, with respect to every other level, according to possible changes in
the explanatory variables considered. Certain personality factors are associated with one or more
dimensions of burnout syndrome. Thus, nurses are more likely to develop high levels of burnout
if they present high levels of neuroticism and low levels of friendliness and responsibility. Further
research in this field is needed to confirm and extend these findings.This research was funded by Excellence Research Project P11HUM-7771 (Junta de AndalucÃa, Spain)
and by Research Project mP_BS_6 (CEI BioTic Granada and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain)
Evaluation of Convergent, Discriminant, and Criterion Validity of the Cuestionario Burnout Granada-University Students
Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at:
https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/math11153315/s1.Burnout is a health problem that affects professionals and students or professionals in training, especially those in health areas. For this reason, it is necessary that it is properly identified to prevent the impact it can have on the work and personal areas of the people who suffer from it. The aim of this work is to study the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the Cuestionario Burnout Granada-University Students. The sample consisted of 463 undergraduate nursing students, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, who participated voluntarily and anonymously in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.9 (5.12) years, mostly female (74.1%), single (95.8%), and childless (95.6%). Information was collected face-to-face, and the instruments were completed on paper. Comparisons were made in the three dimensions of burnout of the CBG-USS between students with and without burnout, finding statistically significant differences in all three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion (p < 0.001, d = 0.674), Cynicism (p < 0.001, d = 0.479), and Academic Efficacy (p < 0.001, d = -0.607). The Cuestionario Burnout Granada-University Students presents adequate reliability and validity indices, which demonstrates its usefulness in the identification of burnout. This syndrome has traditionally been measured in professionals, but students also present burnout, so it is necessary to have specific burnout instruments for students, since the pre-work situation and stressors of students are different from those of workers. In order to work on the prevention of university burnout, it is essential to have specific instruments for professionals in training that help in the detection of students with burnout.FEDER/Consejera de Universidad, Investigación e Inovación de la Junta de AndalucÃa
P20-0063
Is the Stock Exchange an advanced indicator of the real economy?
En este trabajo se analiza la capacidad predictiva de la bolsa sobre los principales
componentes del PIB. Se atiende particularmente al posible cambio que tal capacidad predictiva
pudiera experimentar como consecuencia de las implicaciones de la crisis financiera.
Operativamente, se tiene en cuenta una única dirección de la causalidad posible a partir de la estimación de cuatro modelos dinámicos de retardos distribuidos de orden finito para el periodo
comprendido entre 1996 y 2012. En este marco, se considera adicionalmente la posibilidad de
que la relación estadÃstica convencional entre bolsa y economÃa se haya visto alterada, con trastándose
asà la existencia de un cambio estructural. Los resultados muestran que la capacidad
explicativa de los retardos de los rendimientos interanuales del IBEX-35 sobre los indicadores
macroeconómicos relevantes de la economÃa española ha aumentado significativamente
en el contexto de la actual fase cÃclica contractivaThe predictive capacity of the stock market on the main components of GDP is
analyzed in this paper, with special reference to possible change such predictive capability
could undergo as a result of implications of the finnacial crisis. Technically, it takes into account only one possible direction of causality from the estimated four dynamic distributed lag
models of finite order for the period between 1996 and 2012. This way, there is also the
possibility that the conventional statistical link between the stock market and the economy has
been disrupted, thus verifying the existence of a structural change. The results show that the
explanatory power of the lags of the annual returns of the IBEX-35 on the relevant macro-economic indicators of Spanish economy has increased significantly in the context of the current cyclical recession phas
El col·leccionisme d’antiguitats com a mitjà de promoció social: el cas de Josep de Maranges i Marimon. Anà lisi del Compendio histórico, resumen y descripción de la antiquisima ciudad de Empurias
L’antiquarisme clà ssic fou una eina de promoció social durant
la Il·lustració. Un món associat també als estudis d’història antiga.
Aquest article dóna mostra d’això a partir de Josep de Maranges
i Marimon i el seu Compendio. L’obra aporta noves dades sobre
la seva biografia i analitza les motivacions que el dugueren a
escriure-la. La primera redacció del Compendio es relaciona amb
una oferta al PrÃncep d’Astúries d’una col·lecció d’antiguitats reco-
llida per Maranges. Això no fou una estratègia aïllada. La famÃlia
Maranges anteriorment ja havia utilitzat aquest recurs per obrir-se
nous cercles socials
Dissecting the dynamics of dysregulation of cellular processes in mouse mammary gland tumor
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Elucidating the sequence of molecular events underlying breast cancer formation is of enormous value for understanding this disease and for design of an effective treatment. Gene expression measurements have enabled the study of transcriptome-wide changes involved in tumorigenesis. This usually occurs through identification of differentially expressed genes or pathways.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a novel approach that is able to delineate new cancer-related cellular processes and the nature of their involvement in tumorigenesis. First, we define modules as densely interconnected and functionally enriched areas of a Protein Interaction Network. Second, 'differential expression' and 'differential co-expression' analyses are applied to the genes in these network modules, allowing for identification of processes that are up- or down-regulated, as well as processes disrupted (low co-expression) or invoked (high co-expression) in different tumor stages. Finally, we propose a strategy to identify regulatory miRNAs potentially responsible for the observed changes in module activities. We demonstrate the potential of this analysis on expression data from a mouse model of mammary gland tumor, monitored over three stages of tumorigenesis. Network modules enriched in adhesion and metabolic processes were found to be inactivated in tumor cells through the combination of dysregulation and down-regulation, whereas the activation of the integrin complex and immune system response modules is achieved through increased co-regulation and up-regulation. Additionally, we confirmed a known miRNA involved in mammary gland tumorigenesis, and present several new candidates for this function.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Understanding complex diseases requires studying them by integrative approaches that combine data sources and different analysis methods. The integration of methods and data sources proposed here yields a sensitive tool, able to pinpoint new processes with a role in cancer, dissect modulation of their activity and detect the varying assignments of genes to functional modules over the course of a disease.</p
Which occupational risk factors are associated with burnout in nursing? A meta-analytic study
Numerous empirical studies have suggested a link between occupational factors and the burnout syndrome. The effect sizes of the association reported vary widely in nursing professionals. The objective of this research was to assess the influence of five occupational factors (job seniority, professional experience, job satisfaction, specialization and work shift) on the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) in nursing. We conducted a meta-analysis with a total of 81 studies met to our inclusion criteria: 31 on job seniority; 29 on professional experience; 37 on job satisfaction; 4 on specialization; and 6 on work shift. The mean effect sizes found suggest that job satisfaction and, to a lesser extent, specialization were important factors influencing the burnout syndrome. The heterogeneity analysis showed that there was a great variability in all the estimates of the mean effect size. Various moderators were found to be significant in explaining the association between occupational factors and burnout. In conclusion, it is important to prevent the substantive moderators that are influencing these associations. The improved methodological variables explain most of the contradictory results found in previous research on this field.Numerosos estudios sugieren la relación entre el sÃndrome de burnout y algunas variables ocupacionales e informan de diversos tamaños del efecto en sus asociaciones, en profesionales de EnfermerÃa. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de cinco variables ocupacionales (antigüedad en el puesto, antigüedad en la profesión, satisfacción laboral, especialización y turno laboral) y las tres dimensiones del sÃndrome (cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal) en enfermeros. En este trabajo se realizó un meta-análisis de 81 estudios que cumplÃan los criterios de inclusión establecidos: 31 sobre antigüedad en el puesto, 29 en experiencia profesional, 37 relacionados con satisfacción laboral, 4 con especialización y 6 con turno laboral. Los tamaños del efecto medio indican que la satisfacción laboral y, en menor medida, la especialización eran factores importantes que influye en el burnout. La heterogeneidad encontrada en las estimaciones de los tamaños del efecto hace necesario realizar el análisis de variables moderadoras, obteniéndose que algunos moderadores son de gran interés en la explicación de las asociaciones. En conclusión, serÃa importante prevenir las variables moderadoras sustantivas que median estas asociaciones. Los aspectos metodológicos deberÃan ser mejorados pues parecen explicar algunos de los resultados contradictorios que se encuentran en las investigaciones en este ámbito.Open Access funded by Asociación Española de PsicologÃa ConductualExcellence Research Projects P07HUM-02529 and
P11HUM-7771 (Junta de AndalucÃa-Spain)
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