Мотив протиставлення міста селу в українській літературі

У статті розглянуто мотив протиставлення міста селу в творах української літератури. Дослідження присвячено аналізу опозиції образів міста і села в творчості письменників. Простежено семантику лексем, їх стилістичне використання. Ключові слова: протиставлення образів, стилістика та семантика лексем.В статье рассматривается мотив противопоставления образа города и села в украинской литературе. В работе анализируется опозиция город – село в произведениях. Прослеживается семантика лексем, их стилистика. Ключевые слова: противопоставление образов, стилистика и семантика лексем.In the article reason of contrasting of city to the village is considered in works of Ukrainian literature. Research is devoted to the analysis of opposition of appearances of city and village in creation of writers. Semantics of lexemes is traced, them the stylistic use. Keywords: contrasting of appearances, stilistika and semantics of lexemes

Computing heights via limits of Hodge structures

We consider the problem of explicitly computing Beilinson–Bloch heights of homologically trivial cycles on varieties defined over number fields. Recent results have established a congruence, up to the rational span of logarithms of primes, between the height of certain limit mixed Hodge structures and certain Beilinson–Bloch heights obtained from odd-dimensional hypersurfaces with a node. This congruence suggests a new method to compute Beilinson–Bloch heights. Here we explain how to compute the relevant limit mixed Hodge structures in practice, then apply our computational method to a nodal quartic curve and a nodal cubic threefold. In both cases we explain the nature of the primes occurring in the congruence.Number theory, Algebra and Geometr

On Leśniewski’s Characteristica Universalis

Leśniewski's systems deviate greatly from standard logic in some basic features. The deviant aspects are rather well known, and often cited among the reasons why Leśniewski's work enjoys little recognition. This paper is an attempt to explain why those aspects should be there at all. Leśniewski built his systems inspired by a dream close to Leibniz's characteristica universalis: a perfect system of deductive theories encoding our knowledge of the world, based on a perfect language. My main claim is that Leśniewski built his characteristica universalis following the conditions of de Jong and Betti's Classical Model of Science (2008) to an astounding degree. While showing this I give an overview of the architecture of Leśniewski's systems and of their fundamental characteristics. I suggest among others that the aesthetic constraints Leśniewski put on axioms and primitive terms have epistemological relevance. © The Author(s) 2008

Dendritic cells internalize staphylococcus aureus more efficiently than staphylococcus epidermidis, but do not differ in induction of antigen-specific t cell proliferation

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are related species which can cause predominantly acute and subacute infections, respectively. Differences in human adaptive immune responses to these two species are not well understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in the control and regulation of anti-staphylococcal T cell responses. Therefore, we aimed to compare the ability of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to influence the essential steps in human DC activation and subsequent antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Using multiple strains of both species, we observed that S. aureus was internalized more effectively than S. epidermidis by DCs but that both species were equally potent in activating these host cells, as evidenced by similar induction of DC maturation marker expression and antigen loading onto MHC-II molecules. The DCs stimulated by S. aureus strains not harboring superantigen (SAg) genes or by any of the S. epidermidis strains, induced low, likely physiological levels of T cell proliferation. Only DCs stimulated with S. aureus strains harboring SAg genes induced high levels of T cell proliferation. Taken together, S. aureus and S. epidermidis do not differently affect DC activation and ensuing antigen-specific T cell proliferation, unless a strain has the capacity to produce SAgs