2,229 research outputs found
Designing the Malqaf for summer cooling in low-rise housing an experimental study
peer reviewedThe malqaf or windcatcher is Egyptian vernacular archetypal device that traps the wind into the building. For centuries, the malqaf has been used as a viable solution to ensure natural ventilation. However, for the last 50 years, Egyptian practice has failed in combining traditional architectural devices into new techniques that could lead to sustainable and energy aware buildings. In Egypt, more than half of the urban peak load of energy consumption in the mean time is used to satisfy air conditioning demands alone. Therefore, the objective of the research is to develop a viable passive alternative to active cooling by exploring the potentials and design parameters of windcatchers as solution for passive cooling and natural ventilation during the summer season for low-rise housing. Experimental wind tunnel and smoke visualisation testing were conducted to compare the air flow in a scale model room with and without windcatcher on top of the roof with different orientations. The final result shows that the performance of the windcatcher depends greatly on the position, orientation and size of the inlet and outlet opening in relation to the wall ratio. The study developed a comparative matrix for examined parameters to support architects with the basic principles for windcatchers design
Achieving informed decision-making for net zero energy buildings design using building performance simulation tools
Building performance simulation (BPS) is the basis for informed decision-making of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) design. This paper aims to investigate the use of building performance simulation tools as a method of informing the design decision of NZEBs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a simulation-based decision aid, ZEBO, on informed decision-making using sensitivity analysis. The objective is to assess the effect of ZEBO and other building performance simulation tools on three specific outcomes: (i) knowledge and satisfaction when using simulation for NZEB design; (ii) users' decision-making attitudes and patterns, and (iii) performance robustness based on an energy analysis. The paper utilizes three design case studies comprising a framework to test the use of BPS tools. The paper provides results that shed light on the effectiveness of sensitivity analysis as an approach for informing the design decisions of NZEB
Early decision support for net zero energy buildings design using building performance simulation
This paper aims to investigate the use of building performance simulation tools as a method of informing the design decision of NZEBs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a simulation-based decision aid, ZEBO, on informed decision-making using sensitivity analysis. The objective is to assess the effect of ZEBO and other BPS tools on three specific outcomes: (i) knowledge and satisfaction when using simulation for NZEB design; (ii) users’ decision-making attitudes and patterns, and (iii) performance robustness based on an energy analysis. The paper utilizes three design case studies comprising a framework to test the use of BPS tools. Two types of data were collected, mainly preference and performance data. The preference data were used to collect information from participants using self-reported metrics. The performance data were used to collect information on the energy performance of the final design. The energy evaluations were compared with the results of a quantitative assessment of the overall design performance. Finally the results were compared and presented. The paper provides results that shed light on the effectiveness of sensitivity analysis as an approach for informing the design decisions of NZEBs
Evolution des laiteries coopératives wallonnes de 1948 à nos jours
Contextualisation historique des choix de valorisation du lait en région wallonne au cours des décennies passées et évolution des coopératives laitières. Document de travail clarifiant les évolutions sur base de documents d’archives, sources publiées et sources orales.FNRS FRI
Bienvenue
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Citation : André De Herde, "Mot de bienvenue", lieuxdits#1, juin 2011, p.2.
Bibliographie :
Ronald Plantinga, Wit goud, groene woestijn. Zuivelproductie en het Friese landschap na 1945
peer reviewe
Comportamiento termico de edificios de departamentos en Santiago de Chile: segmentación de nichos en el mercado inmobiliario privado a partir de las exigencias de la reglamentación térmica nacional
Santiago, capital de la República de Chile, se sitúa en el valle central del país en los 33º 27’ de latitud sur
y 70º 42’ de longitud oeste, presentando un clima templado cálido con una estación seca prolongada de 7
a 8 meses de duración. La temperatura media anual es de 12,2°C y la oscilación térmica es considerable:
hay casi 13°C de diferencia en la temperatura media entre el mes más cálido (enero) y el más frío (julio) y
la diferencia entre las medias de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas para todos los meses del año
fluctúan entre 10 y 16°C.
De acuerdo a datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (INE), el 37,4% de los permisos de
edificación de viviendas nuevas del 2006, declara que el ladrillo es su material predominante de muros,
mientras que otro 36,0% está asociado con el hormigón armado. Dada la generalmente nula presencia de
aislación térmica en estos sistemas constructivos y su alta inercia térmica de absorción, se podría esperar
para Santiago un comportamiento térmico - en términos de confort - más bien desfavorable en invierno y
favorable en verano. Sin embargo, estudios recientes presentan un escenario opuesto, dado que un gran
porcentaje de usuarios encuestados acusa un alto nivel de sobrecalentamiento en sus viviendas. Esta
aparente contradicción podría entenderse desde las limitaciones propias de esta base datos del INE del
año 2006, puesto que por ejemplo, no refleja el impacto de la implementación de la 2° etapa de la
Reglamentación Térmica nacional. Esta regulación, en vigencia desde enero de 2007, establece valores
máximos de transmitancia térmica admisible para los diversos elementos de la envolvente de una
vivienda. A partir del valor exigido en muros en Santiago (1,9 W/m2K), los nuevos edificios de
departamentos han tenido que necesariamente incorporar al menos 10 mm de aislante térmico en su
envolvente vertical, modificando su comportamiento térmico tanto en invierno como en verano.Este artículo propone la simulación del desempeño energético y condiciones de confort térmico para
invierno y verano, de edificios de departamentos en Santiago para estratos socioeconómicos medios y
medios altos, con el objetivo de establecer los impactos de las soluciones constructivas adoptadas en
estos. Estas simulaciones numéricas se realizarán sobre tipologías de productos de vivienda ofertadas en
el mercado privado durante el periodo 2006-2007, incorporando su materialidad y los datos de mercado,
precios y atributos inmobiliarios, según datos de oferta del Portalinmobiliario.com. Estas tipologías de
vivienda se traducirán en nichos, los cuales serán determinados a partir de la generación de grupos
homogéneos de viviendas mediante a la técnica de generación de conglomerados, sobre las variables de
cada producto inmobiliario. Estos grupos de viviendas se encontrarán en los mismos sub mercados
inmobiliarios, evaluándose diferentes combinaciones de atributos asociados a las materialidades. Las
simulaciones numéricas del comportamiento térmico en invierno y en verano, se realizan mediante el
software de evaluación de desempeño energético TAS, mediante un sistema dinámico que calcula las
condiciones de las viviendas en régimen horario, evaluando las condiciones de confort térmico.
Se espera probar que las soluciones técnico-arquitectónicas actuales, y su interpretación de la
Reglamentación Térmica vigente, generan desfavorables condiciones de confort independiente del nicho
de mercado donde estén compitiendo. Estas conclusiones permitirán establecer desafíos y oportunidades
para el mercado inmobiliario privado, tanto en términos de tecnología de la construcción, como en el
diseño arquitectónico, permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevas propuestas para integrar las exigencias de la
Reglamentación Térmica nacional a la realidad del mercado de vivienda privada.Santiago de Chile (33°27’S and 70°42’W), capital city of the country, is placed in the central valley. It has
a Mediterranean climate with a long dry season (between 7 and 8 months). Its annual average
temperature is 12,2°C, whereas the thermal oscillation is considerable: there is almost 13°C between
January and July average temperatures (hottest and coldest months, respectively) and the difference
between maximum and minimum temperatures ranges between 10°C and 16°C during all the year.
According to the National Statistics Institute, 37.4% and 36.0% of new housing during 2006 were built
using mainly brick masonry and concrete in their walls, respectively. In both cases, thermal insulation was
not generally considered. On the contrary for the heating period, a favorable thermal performance in
summer should be expected (low thermal insulation in combination to high thermal mass). However, some
recent studies show the completely opposite scenario, since an important percentage of users declare
overheating in their own dwellings. This apparent contradiction could be understood from a database
limitation, due to these official data do not reflect the impact of the current thermal regulation, which is in
force since January 2007. Notwithstanding the required standards are weak in comparison to the
international state-of-art (e.g. 1,9 W/m2K as maximum U-value for walls in Santiago), nowadays apartment
buildings in Santiago are including at least 20 mm of thermal insulation in their walls to give compliance to
the code.
This paper proposes a series of dynamic thermal simulations to apartment buildings in Santiago, with the
aim of establish the impact of different constructive solutions by means of thermal behavior, both in winter
and summer. These digital models are statistically based on the typologies offered in the private real
estate market during both periods 2001-2002 and 2006-2007, according to a database from
Portalinmobiliario.com. These were determined using a multivariate analysis of their attributes – producing
homogeneous market niches - through the hierarchical clustering technique. These homogeneous niches
were identified in the real estate private submarkets, assessing different attributes. Thermal simulations
were made using the TAS software, a dynamic-state digital tool.
According to the results, the implementation of the thermal regulation – intended mainly to reduce heating
consumption – have produced unfavorable comfort conditions in all the studied market niches, in
comparison with the business as usual scenario. These conclusions allow establishing challenges and
opportunities for the private real estate market, in order to integrate new thermal regulations with the
private market reality.Peer Reviewe
Impact of the current Thermal Regulation in the private real estate market in Santiago de Chile
Presentació en Power-PointPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
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