Could the baby bonus be a bonus for babies?

Closing the gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians needs to start in the womb. • Rates of perinatal mortality, preterm birth and low birth weight are two to three times greater among the babies of Indigenous women than among those of non-Indigenous women; low birth weight predisposes infants to greater risks of chronic illness in later life. • Indigenous women in Australia tend to present for antenatal care later in pregnancy than do non-Indigenous women. • There are many barriers for Indigenous women seeking to access antenatal care — geographical, social, cultural, financial and in some cases a lack of service provision. Many of these problems are being addressed within the public health system and by Indigenous community-controlled health services. However, more needs to be done. • While antenatal care cannot solve all medical and social problems, commencing such care as early as possible in pregnancy has the potential to improve maternal health and hence pregnancy outcomes. • Changes in the way the government Baby Bonus is paid to new mothers could act as an incentive not only to service providers but also to women themselves to initiate antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy. Such a system has been well established for many years in France. • Any changes to the Baby Bonus scheme should provide incentives and not be punitive in nature

Clinical Cases in Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health

An updated edition for our popular Clinical Cases collection, this book is aimed medical students following the core curriculum in Australia and New Zealand; and the United Kingdom, junior doctors at resident or house officer level, and general practitioners. This handy, lab coat pocket-sized book broadly covers the whole syllabus for the medical student, and the whole range of obstetric and gynaecological problems likely to come into the path of the busy junior hospital doctor or general practitioner, but it is not a textbook providing simply a list of differential diagnoses and treatments. The approach has been developed from the experienced authors teaching of problem-based learning scenarios (PBLs) to clinical students. PBLs introduce students to typical clinical situations and then encourage those students to think about how they would take appropriate histories, examine, investigate and finally treat their patients. In this book, by using case histories that are more developed and complex, we aim to show readers in greater detail how women may present with particular conditions, and demonstrate what should take place in the way of consultation, investigations and treatment. However, by questioning our readers as we go along we also hope to encourage them to think about why they would choose a certain clinical course of action and to base their decisions firmly on current scientific evidence. In addition to the purely clinical aspects of the cases, the emotional, social and psychological aspects of the care of each woman is described. Each of the 50 case histories commences with a straightforward description following a woman through the clinical presentation of a particular condition. Along the way, important points in clinical examination and diagnosis, complications, investigations and management are incorporated into the text as a conversation with the reader, and essential points are highlighted in boxes. Being an Australian author team, tips are included for those junior doctors faced with obstetric or gynaecological problems in a smaller metropolitan or rural setting - facilities for care and the advice of senior practitioners may be more limited in such surroundings and different care paths may be more appropriate, especially in remote parts of Australia

The effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure for treating obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy: A systematic review

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) occurs in 15–20% of pregnant women living with obesity. As global obesity prevalence increases, OSA in pregnancy is concurrently increasing, yet remains under-diagnosed. The effects of treating OSA in pregnancy are under-investigated. Aim: A systematic review was conducted to determine whether treating pregnant women with OSA using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will improve maternal or fetal outcomes, compared with no treatment or delayed treatment. Materials and Methods: Original studies in English published until May 2022 were included. Searches were conducted in Medline, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.org. Maternal and neonatal outcome data were extracted, and quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019127754). Results: Seven trials met inclusion criteria. Use of CPAP in pregnancy appears to be well tolerated with reasonable adherence. Use of CPAP in pregnancy may be associated with both a reduction in blood pressure and pre-eclampsia. Birthweight may be increased by maternal CPAP treatment, and preterm birth may be reduced by treatment with CPAP in pregnancy. Conclusion: Treatment of OSA with CPAP in pregnancy may reduce hypertension and, preterm birth, and may increase neonatal birthweight. However, more rigorous definitive trial evidence is required to adequately assess the indication, efficacy, and applications of CPAP treatment in pregnancy

Early medical abortion in Cairns, Queensland: July 2006 - April 2007

* Mifepristone (RU486), which is used for early medical abortion, can only be obtained in Australia under the Authorised Prescriber legislation (Section 19[5] of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 [Cwlth]); two of the authors have permission to obtain, prescribe and administer this drug in Cairns, Queensland. * From July 2006 to April 2007, 10 women who fulfilled the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) criteria of “life-threatening or otherwise serious” indications underwent medical abortion with mifepristone/misoprostol, and 12 women conforming with abortion requirements of Queensland law, but not TGA legislation for mifepristone administration, had medical abortions with the less preferable methotrexate/misoprostol combination. * Although it is now more than a year since the cross-party vote in federal Parliament in February 2006 confirmed wide support for the right of Australian women to a medical abortion, we believe we are at present the only medical practitioners in Australia with permission to use mifepristone. * Obtaining Authorised Prescriber status from the TGA is of necessity a complex and protracted process, involving ethics committee approval and auditing, and regular reporting to the TGA. * Because of the current restrictions, we believe that women seeking medical abortion in Australia face barriers not experienced by women in other comparable countries, and that drug manufacturing and distributing companies may be discouraged from seeking to market mifepristone in Australia

A imagem do índio através do tempo no Brasil

Anais das IV Jornadas Internacionais de Problemas Latino-Americanos: Lutas, Experiências e Debates na América Latina - ISBN 978-950-793-223-6 - Orgs. Paulo Renato da Silva ; Mario Ayala ; Fabricio Pereira da Silva ; Fernando José MartinsEste presente artigo tem o objetivo de abordar a percepção do homem europeu, em relação aos povos nativos do Brasil, e quais relações foram travadas ao longo de cinco séculos, de acordo com a imagem e representação dos índios para esse homem “civilizado”.PPG – IELA – UNIL

What could be the fate of secondary contact zones between closely related plant species?

Interspecific hybridization has been fundamental in plant evolution. Nevertheless, the fate of hybrid zones throughout the generations remains poorly addressed. We analyzed a pair of recently diverged, interfertile, and sympatric Petunia species to ask what fate the interspecific hybrid population has met over time. We analyzed the genetic diversity in two generations from two contact sites and evaluated the effect of introgression. To do this, we collected all adult plants from the contact zones, including canonicals and intermediary colored individuals, and compared them with purebred representatives of both species based on seven highly informative microsatellite loci. We compared the genetic diversity observed in the contact zones with what is seen in isolated populations of each species, considering two generations of these annual species. Our results have confirmed the genetic differentiation between the species and the hybrid origin of the majority of the intermediary colored individuals. We also observed a differentiation related to genetic variability and inbreeding levels among the populations. Over time, there were no significant differences per site related to genetic diversity or phenotype composition. We found two stable populations kept by high inbreeding and backcross rates that influence the genetic diversity of their parental species through introgression

Views and practice of abortion among Queensland midwives and sexual health nurses

Background: A significant barrier to the access of safe abortion is the lack of trained abortion providers. Recent studies show that with appropriate education, nurses and midwives can provide abortions as safely as medical practitioners. Aims: To examine the attitudes and practices of registered midwives (RMs) and sexual health nurses (SHNs) in Queensland toward abortion. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods questionnaire was distributed to RMs and SHNs from the Queensland Nursing and Midwifery Union. Data were described and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: There was a 20% response rate (n = 624) to the survey from the overall study population. There were 53.5% who reported they would support the provision of abortion in any situation at all; 7.4% held views based on religion or conscience that would make them completely opposed to abortion. There were 92.9% who felt that education surrounding abortion should be part of the core curriculum for midwifery and/or nursing students in Australia. The qualitative responses demonstrated a variety of views and suggestions regarding the practice of abortion. Conclusions: There was a wide variation in views toward induced abortion from RMs and SHNs in Queensland. While a proportion of respondents opposed abortion in most circumstances, a significant group was in support of abortion in any situation and felt involvement in initiating and/or performing abortion would be within the scope of RMs and SHNs

The use of salicylic acid in the tratament of acneic skin: an integrative review / O uso do ácido salicílico no tratamento da pele acneica: uma revisão integrativa

Introduction: Acne is a pathology that affects many people around the world, causing impacts that compromise the integumentary and emotional system, shaking personal self-esteem and people's image, in this regard, the present work aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of using the salicylic acid in the treatment of this pathology. Objective: to survey the literature on the effectiveness of the use of salicylic acid in the treatment of acne-prone skin. Method: this was an integrative review, which was carried out by means of a bibliographic survey through the Google academic databases and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). Through the inclusion criteria, the following predefinitions were related: scientific articles with full texts in Portuguese and English, in the years 2017 to 2022 and the exclusion ones were those without relevance for scientific research on a given topic. Results: Categories were defined after the analysis and selection of the studies, such as: use of chemical peels with salicylic acid, topical treatments with the use of salicylic acid and dermocosmetics containing salicylic acid in their formulations. Conclusion: this work led to an expansion of knowledge about the use of salicylic acid in the treatment of acne and, above all, about the effectiveness of this active in relation to the treatment and contribution to the aesthetics and improvement of the individual's quality of life