1,206 research outputs found

    The foregone risk premium: a communicative and practical method for the evaluation of risk-return profiles in agriculture

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    Risk considerations have become increasingly important in nowadays agriculture, due to a variety of reasons. Surprisingly, the practice of formalized risk management is not widespread despite the huge amount of scientific literature on this topic. This discrepancy between risk science and extension is described by many authors. This paper presents a communicative method, rooted in financial economics, to evaluate risk-return profiles in a way that is communicative for individual farmers. The method is derived from the modern portfolio theory, in which individual assets are implicitly compared to the risk-return trade-off of that asset with the highest Sharpe ratio. We use this idea to compare individual risk-return profiles to a particular benchmark. The method can be used for evaluating different risk-return profiles of different farms, different risk management instruments and different production systems. To illustrate the communicative nature of our method, it is applied to evaluate risk-return profiles of conventional versus organic cropping systems.Risk and Uncertainty,

    Modelling Farm Level Economic Potential for Conversion to Organic Farming

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    A farm model is developed for simulating the potential income change resulting from conversion to organic farming. The model uses conventional farm data, taken from the Belgian FADN. Given the normative character of the model, and the impossibility of calibration to historical conversion behaviour, two model variants, a rigid and a flexible, are created to broaden the analysis scope. Moreover, extra attention is paid to the verification process and sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that the economic potential for conversion is rather high, if farmers are willing to change their farm management sufficiently. Furthermore, conversion potential depends on the farm type and conventional farm characteristics. The model finally proves to be an interesting tool to analyse policy impact.organic farming, conversion period, farm model, linear programming, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, C61, Q12,

    Multipele dermoĂŻd sinuscysten op de kop van een dwergschnauzer

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    A one-year-and-nine-months-old, neutered, female Miniature schnauzer was presented to the primary care veterinarian with a skin lesion between the eyebrows. There were multiple papulae present at birth, and later, small fistulae with protruding hair bundles appeared. Topical antibiotic therapy and epilation of the hairs only brought temporary relief and a presumptive diagnosis of dermoid sinus cysts was made. The dog was referred and the skin lesions were surgically excised. During histopathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as multiple dermoid sinus cysts, a consequence of the incomplete separation of the ectoderm during embryogenesis. Depending on the depth of the tubular dermal invaginations and the location of the lesions, different types have been recognized. This is the third dog described in the literature with dennoid sinus cysts on the head

    PIN7 BUDGETARY IMPACT OF ADDING DORIPENEM TO A HOSPITAL FORMULARY IN GERMANY

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    FES-project Detectie Phytophthora met behulp van padlock probes en micro-array

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    De laatste jaren heeft de ontwikkeling van (moleculaire) detectiemethoden van planten-pathogenen een hoge vlucht genomen en inmiddels vinden deze methoden hun weg naar toepassing in de praktij

    Development of a non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and a duodenal ulceration after cholecystoduodenostomy in a cat

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    A six-year-old Ragdoll with previous extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction due to cholangio-hepatitis, treated with cholecystoduodenostomy, was presented for acute vomiting, hyporexia, and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed randomly distributed hepatic nodules and dilated biliary ducts. Gastroduodenoscopy showed a patent cholecystoduodenostoma but disclosed a perforated duodenal ulceration. Conversion to celiotomy revealed extensive liver pathology, a discrete pancreatic nodule, and a duodenal ulcer opposite to the cholecystoduodenostoma. The cat was euthanized intra-operatively and necropsy was performed. The intrahepatic biliary tract of the right liver lobes was obstructed and severely dilated, whereas bile from the left lobes drained through the cholecystoduodenostoma. Histopathologic diagnoses were a primary pancreatic tumor, positive for glucagon on immunohistochemistry, with liver meta-stases, chronic purulent cholecystitis, and duodenal ulceration. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which the development of pancreatic neoplasia is described in a cat with a history of biliary tract disease

    Estimation of ontogeny functions for renal transporters using a combined population pharmacokinetic and physiology-based pharmacokinetic approach : application to OAT1,3

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    To date, information on the ontogeny of renal transporters is limited. Here, we propose to estimate the in vivo functional ontogeny of transporters using a combined population pharmacokinetic (popPK) and physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach called popPBPK. Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin were used as probes for glomerular filtration, combined glomerular filtration, and active secretion through OAT1,3, respectively. The predictive value of the estimated OAT1,3 ontogeny function was assessed by PBPK predictions of renal clearance (CLR) of other OAT1,3 substrates: cefazolin and piperacillin. Individual CL(R)post-hoc values, obtained from a published popPK model on the concomitant use of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin in critically ill children between 1 month and 15 years, were used as dependent variables in the popPBPK analysis. CLR was re-parameterized according to PBPK principles, resulting in the estimation of OAT1,3-mediated intrinsic clearance (CLint,OAT1,3,invivo) and its ontogeny. CLint,OAT1,3,invivo ontogeny was described by a sigmoidal function, reaching half of adult level around 7 months of age, comparable to findings based on renal transporter-specific protein expression data. PBPK-based CLR predictions including this ontogeny function were reasonably accurate for piperacillin in a similar age range (2.5 months-15 years) as well as for cefazolin in neonates as compared to published data (%RMSPE of 21.2 and 22.8%, respectively and %PE within +/- 50%). Using this novel approach, we estimated an in vivo functional ontogeny profile for CLint,OAT1,3,invivo that yields accurate CLR predictions for different OAT1,3 substrates across different ages. This approach deserves further study on functional ontogeny of other transporters

    Denken over Dieren: dier en ding, zegen en zorg

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    Taxonomie van plant-pathogene schimmels als basis voor identificatie en detectie: resultaten van het Uitvoeringsconsortium Schimmels

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    Plant-pathogene schimmels worden traditioneel geĂŻdentificeerd op basis van morfologische karakteristieken. Dit is over het algemeen tijdrovend, veel expertise en leidt vaak tot misidentificatie. Het doel van het werk uitgevoerd door het Uitvoeringsconsortium Schimmels was dan ook gericht op de verbetering van detectie- en identificatietechnieken van plant pathogene schimmels met de nadruk op quarantaineorganismen. Op grond van het economische, wetenschappelijke, en ecologische belang, de aanwezigheid van Q-organismen, en de wetenschappelijke startpositie binnen Nederland is in eerste instantie de keuze gevallen op de geslachten Colletotrichum, Phoma, en Phytophthora. De gegenereerde dat zijn opgenomen in de Q-bank
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