Les difficultés liées à la mesure de la prostate par échographie chez le chien

La prostate du chien peut être atteinte par de nombreuses maladies. Le plus souvent, en début d évolution, seule une prostatomégalie est visible. Il n a jamais été montré si un vétérinaire non spécialisé en imagerie médicale pouvait effectuer des images satisfaisantes de la prostate en coupes transversale et longitudinale, et si les mesures obtenues étaient répétables d un jour à l autre. Sept chiens entiers ont eu leur prostate échographiée deux fois à quinze jours d intervalle. Les images obtenues ont été évaluées. La qualité des images obtenues par l opérateur était moyenne à faible, d où une approximation dans le placement des curseurs des longueurs, hauteur, largeurs. Il en résulte de grosses variations de mesures entre les deux séances. Ces variations entraînent une importante approximation dans l estimation du volume prostatique, d environ 20% en moyenne entre les deux séances.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocMAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le fardeau des spondyloarthrites graves en France : évaluation de la prévalence, des comorbidités et des coûts à l’échelle nationale

International audienceObjectifsEstimer le nombre de patients présentant une spondyolarthrite (SpA) grave en France, décrire leurs comorbidités et consigner et valoriser leur consommation de soins.MéthodesLes données ont été extraites de l’Échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires qui couvre 1/97e des personnes couvertes par l’assurance maladie en France. Tous les patients bénéficiant d’une prise en charge à 100 % (ALD, affection de longue durée) au titre d’une SpA grave en 2012 (y compris ceux présentant des dommages structuraux et/ou des poussées fréquentes) ont été identifiés et un groupe témoin apparié par fréquence selon l’âge et le sexe a été sélectionné. Les comorbidités sévères ont été documentées selon les catégories de l’ALD. La consommation de soins a été consignée et valorisée du point de vue de l’organisme payeur. Les taux de comorbidités et les coûts ont été comparés entre les patients atteints de SpA et les témoins par une méthode de test non paramétrique.RésultatsAu total, 827 patients admis en ALD au titre d’une SpA grave ont été identifiés (groupe témoin n = 2 481), soit un taux de prévalence de la SpA en ALD de 0,18 % [0,17–0,19] dans la population générale. Les comorbidités sévères plus fréquentes chez les patients atteints de SpA que chez les témoins comprenaient : maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (Odds Ratio 15,0 [2,2–6,6–36], hypertension (2,5 [1,6–3,9]), fibrillation auriculaire (4,3 [1,6,9]) et trouble dépressif majeur (2,1 [1,3,6]). La dépense de santé directe moyenne annuelle per capita était 3,6 [1–3,3,4] fois plus élevée chez les patients atteints de SpA (6122 € [5838–6406]) que chez les témoins (1682 € [1566–1798]). L’extrapolation de ces chiffres à l’ensemble des patients en France aboutit à un coût total de soins attribuables aux SpA graves de 391 millions € [355–426], dont 53,8 % pour les médicaments.ConclusionsLe fardeau considérable des spondyloarthrites graves en France résulte de la forte prévalence de cette maladie, des coûts directs élevés et des comorbidités associées

Early non-response to certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis predicts treatment failure at one year. Data from a randomised Phase III clinical trial

International audienceObjectives: To compare different early clinical criteria of non-response determined at three months as predictors of clinical failure at one year in patients with rheumatoid arthritis starting therapy with certolizumab pegol.Methods:Data were derived from a randomised Phase III clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who failed to respond to methotrexate monotherapy. Patients included in this post-hoc analysis were treated with certolizumab pegol (400 mg qd reduced to 200 mg qd after one month) and with methotrexate. The study duration was twelve months. Response at three months was determined with the American College of Rheumatology-50, Disease Assessment Score-28 ESR, Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Clinical Disease Activity Index. The performance of these measures at predicting treatment failure at twelve months defined by the American College of Rheumatology-50 criteria was determined, using the positive predictive values as the principal evaluation criterion.Results:382 patients were available for analysis and 225 completed the twelve-month follow-up. At Week 52, 149 (38.1%) patients met the American College of Rheumatology-50 response criterion. Positive predictive values ranged from 81% for a decrease in Health Assessment Questionnaire- disability index score since baseline >0.22 to 95% for a decrease in Disease Assessment Score-28 score since baseline ≥1.2. Sensitivity was ≤70% in all cases. Performance of these measures was similar irrespective of the definition of treatment failure at 12 months.Conclusions:Simple clinical measures of disease activity can predict future treatment failure reliably and are appropriate for implementing treat-to-target treatment strategies in everyday practice

Impact of patient engagement in a French telemonitoring programme for heart failure on hospitalization and mortality

Abstract Aims Management of patients with recently decompensated heart failure by hospital services is expensive, complicated to plan, and not always effective. Telemedicine programmes in heart failure may improve the quality of care, but their effectiveness is poorly documented in real‐world settings. The study aims to evaluate the impact of patient engagement in home‐based telemonitoring for heart failure (SCAD programme) on rehospitalization and mortality rates. Methods and results A retrospective observational study was performed in 659 SCAD participants. SCAD is a patient‐oriented service of home‐based interactive telemonitoring offered to heart failure patients during hospitalization who agree to participate in a therapeutic education programme. Patients were telemonitored for at least 3 months, and rehospitalization and mortality were documented at 12 months and 5 years. During the telemonitoring period, patients provided daily information on health and lifestyle through an internet‐based interface. Data were linked on a patient‐by‐patient basis between the SCAD database and the French national health insurance database (Système National des Données de Santé). Outcomes were compared as a function of use of the programme. Low, intermediate, and high users were classified by tercile of data return during telemonitoring. Patients were followed for a median of 32.9 months. Rehospitalization rates for cardiovascular disease decreased from 79.4% in the year preceding enrolment to 41.1% in the following year and from 52.8% to 18.8% for hospitalizations for heart failure. The 12 month mortality rate was 11.2%. Significant associations were observed between level of use of the SCAD programme and all‐cause rehospitalization (P = 0.0085), rehospitalization for cardiovascular disease (P = 0.0010), rehospitalization for heart failure (27.8% in low users, 12.9% in intermediate users, and 13.5% in high users; P < 0.0001), and mortality (26.8%, 15.2%, and 15.9% respectively; P = 0.0157) in the 12 months following enrolment. The mean number of days alive outside hospital were 279 ± 111 in low users, 312 ± 90 in intermediate users, and 304 ± 100 in high users (P = 0.0022). Conclusions Educational home telemonitoring of patients with heart failure following hospitalization provides long‐term clinical benefits in terms of rehospitalization and death in real‐world settings, according to the level of use of the programme by the patient. These benefits would be expected to have a major impact on the burden of this disease. Low engagement in telemonitoring could be used as a signal of poor prognosis and taken into account in the management strategy

Fears and beliefs in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a qualitative study.

To explore beliefs and apprehensions about disease and its treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 25 with spondyloarthritis participated in semi-structured interviews about their disease and its treatment. The interviews were performed by trained interviewers in participants' homes. The interviews were recorded and the main themes identified by content analysis.Patients differentiated between the underlying cause of the disease, which was most frequently identified as a hereditary or individual predisposition. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the most frequently cited triggering factor for disease onset was a psychological factor or life-event, whereas patients with spondyloarthritis tended to focus more on an intrinsic vulnerability to disease. Stress and overexertion were considered important triggering factors for exacerbations, and relaxation techniques were frequently cited strategies to manage exacerbations. The unpredictability of the disease course was a common source of anxiety. Beliefs about the disease and apprehensions about the future tended to evolve over the course of the disease, as did treatment expectations.Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis hold a core set of beliefs and apprehensions that reflect their level of information about their disease and are not necessarily appropriate. The physician can initiate discussion of these beliefs in order to dispel misconceptions, align treatment expectations, provide reassurance to the patient and readjust disease management. Such a dialogue would help improve standards of care in these chronic and incapacitating diseases

Development and psychometric validation of a patient-reported outcome measure to assess fears in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: the Fear Assessment in Inflammatory Rheumatic diseases (FAIR) questionnaire

International audienceTo develop and validate an outcome measure for assessing fears in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)

Development and application of a questionnaire to assess patient beliefs in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis

International audienceMisinterpretation of patient beliefs may complicate shared decision-making in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess patients’ beliefs about their disease and its treatment, and to identify patient characteristics associated with these beliefs. All beliefs reported by > 5% of 50 patients in a previous study were reformulated with a partnering patient organization into statements with which participants could rate their agreement on a scale of 0–10 (totally disagree to totally agree). The resulting Questionnaire for Arthritis Dialogue (QuAD) was made available to patients with RA or axSpA. A score ≥ 7 was considered a strongly held belief. Associations between patient characteristics and individual lifestyle beliefs were assessed using multiple logistic regression. The 21-item QuAD was completed by 672 patients (432 RA, 240 axSpA; mean [±SD] age 54.2 [± 14.2]; 63.7% female). The most widely held beliefs were related to uncertainty about progression (n = 354, 54.0%), heredity (n = 309, 47.8%), and flare triggers (n = 283, 42.7%). The unwarranted belief that physical activity is deleterious to disease activity was associated with markers of psychological distress and lower educational levels. The beliefs of patients with RA or axSpA about their disease are wide-ranging. Since these may be unwarranted and may lead to inappropriate behaviors, physicians should discuss these beliefs with their patients. The QuAD may facilitate this dialogue, and may also be useful in population studies to standardize the assessment and evolution of beliefs over time. People with long-term inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA; inflammation of the joints) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA; inflammation of the spine) may hold a number of beliefs about their disease, including some that are not supported by current scientific evidence (e.g., “I think that my disease was triggered by a vaccination”). Some beliefs, especially those relating to the role of lifestyle factors (such as exercise, diet, smoking, and drinking alcohol), may encourage people living with severe diseases to change their behavior in a way that has an effect on their disease. Within this project, we developed a questionnaire to identify the most common beliefs held by people living with RA or axSpA, which is called the “Questionnaire for Arthritis Dialogue (QuAD).” We also examined whether certain characteristics (or traits) of people living with RA or axSpA are linked to beliefs not currently supported by scientific evidence. A total of 672 people living with RA or axSpA in France were asked to complete the questionnaire (QuAD). The questionnaire included 21 opinion statements that they scored from 0 (totally disagree) to 10 (totally agree). A score of more than 7 was interpreted to mean that the person significantly agreed with the opinion. Based on the responses to specific opinion statements in the questionnaire, we were able to identify possible links between beliefs that are not supported by scientific evidence (e.g., “I think that flare-ups of my disease are triggered by physical effort”), and characteristics of people living with severe diseases. Our findings suggested that beliefs about lifestyle and inflammatory diseases varied from person to person, were sometimes inconsistent (the most widely held beliefs were sometimes contradictory), and were often not supported by scientific evidence. The belief that physical activity had negative effects on the disease was linked to poor education and psychological issues (such as anxiety and helplessness). People living with axSpA were more likely to believe their disease was a result of their genetic make-up, whereas those with RA more often believed their disease was caused by emotional issues. People living with axSpA were also more likely to believe that physical activity could be beneficial for their disease, and less likely to believe that their disease was caused by smoking. Our results suggest that doctors need to discuss with their patients how they might believe lifestyle is associated with their disease. This will help to dispel any unnecessary concerns, and to encourage their patients to take up healthy lifestyles and habits that are beneficial for their disease management. It may also be beneficial for health care providers to discuss the beliefs identified in this study during educational programs about inflammatory diseases, for the benefit of people living with RA or axSpA

Current repercussions of disease by theme.

<p>Filled bars: patients with rheumatoid arthritis; open columns: patients with spondyloarthritis.</p