7,899 research outputs found
Magnetic flux locking in two weakly coupled superconducting rings
We have analyzed the quantum interference effects in the macroscopic
''superconducting molecule''. The composite system consists of two massive
superconducting rings, each interrupted by a Josephson junction, which are at
the same time weakly coupled with one another. The special case of coupling via
the Josephson four-terminal junction is considered. The structure of the
macroscopic quantum states in an applied magnetic field is calculated. It is
shown, that depending on the values of the magnetic fluxes through each ring,
the system displays two groups of states, the ''orthostates'' with both induced
currents going in the same direction, and the ''parastates'' with the opposite
currents and with the total induced flux locked to zero value. The transition
to the flux locked state with changing of the total applied flux is sudden and
is preserved in a certain interval which is determined by the difference of the
fluxes applied through each ring. It makes the system sensitive to small
gradients of the external magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages in Latex, 3 figures (eps
HI and OH absorption at z=0.89
We report on WSRT observations of HI and OH absorption at z=0.885 towards the
radio lens PKS 1830-21, mm wave transitions of several molecular species have
already been observed at this redshift. At mm wavelengths the source structure
is dominated by two extremely compact components, the northeast (NE) and
southwest (SW) components. At lower frequencies the continuum emission is much
more extended and there is also a broad Einstein ring connecting the NE and SW
components. This means that the HI and OH spectra sample a much larger region
of the absorber than the mm wave spectra.
The HI spectrum that we obtain is asymmetric, with a peak at -147 km/s with
respect to the main molecular line redshift of z=0.88582. Weak mm wave
molecular absorption has also been detected towards the NE component at this
same velocity. The HI absorption, however, covers a total velocity width of 300
km/sec, i.e. including velocities well to the red of molecular features
suggesting that it is spatially widespread. In OH we detect both the 1667 and
the 1665 MHz transitions. The OH spectrum has a velocity width comparable to
that of the HI spectrum, suggesting that it too is widespread in the absorber.
The lack of a prominent HI peak in the spectrum at the velocity corresponding
to the SW component, suggests that the galaxy responsible for the absorption at
z=0.885 has a central molecular disk many kpc in size, and that HI is deficient
in this central region. Our observations are sensitive to the large scale
kinematics of the absorber, and to first order the implied dynamical mass is
consistent with the lens models of Nair et. al. (1993).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
On hyperovals of polar spaces
We derive lower and upper bounds for the size of a hyperoval of a finite polar space of rank 3. We give a computer-free proof for the uniqueness, up to isomorphism, of the hyperoval of size 126 of H(5, 4) and prove that the near hexagon E-3 has up to isomorphism a unique full embedding into the dual polar space DH(5, 4)
WSRT Faraday tomography of the Galactic ISM at \lambda \sim 0.86 m
We investigate the distribution and properties of Faraday rotating and
synchrotron emitting regions in the Galactic ISM in the direction of the
Galactic anti-centre. We apply Faraday tomography to a radio polarization
dataset that we obtained with the WSRT. We developed a new method to calculate
a linear fit to periodic data, which we use to determine rotation measures from
our polarization angle data. From simulations of a Faraday screen + noise we
could determine how compatible the data are with Faraday screens. An
unexpectedly large fraction of 14% of the lines-of-sight in our dataset show an
unresolved main component in the Faraday depth spectrum. For lines-of-sight
with a single unresolved component we demonstrate that a Faraday screen in
front of a synchrotron emitting region that contains a turbulent magnetic field
component can explain the data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication as a Letter to the
Editor in A&
A time-delay determination from VLA light curves of the CLASS gravitational lens B1600+434
We present Very Large Array (VLA) 8.5-GHz light curves of the two lens images
of the Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey (CLASS) gravitational lens B1600+434. We find
a nearly linear decrease of 18-19% in the flux densities of both lens images
over a period of eight months (February-October) in 1998. Additionally, the
brightest image A shows modulations up to 11% peak-to-peak on scales of days to
weeks over a large part of the observing period. Image B varies significantly
less on this time scale. We conclude that most of the short-term variability in
image A is not intrinsic source variability, but is most likely caused by
microlensing in the lens galaxy. The alternative, scintillation by the ionized
Galactic ISM, is shown to be implausible based on its strong opposite frequency
dependent behavior compared with results from multi-frequency WSRT monitoring
observations (Koopmans & de Bruyn 1999). From these VLA light curves we
determine a median time delay between the lens images of 47^{+5}_{-6} d (68%)
or 47^{+12}_{-9} d (95%). We use two different methods to derive the time
delay; both give the same result within the errors. We estimate an additional
systematic error between -8 and +7 d. If the mass distribution of lens galaxy
can be described by an isothermal model (Koopmans, de Bruyn & Jackson 1998),
this time delay would give a value for the Hubble parameter, H_0=57^{+14}_{-11}
(95% statistical) ^{+26}_{-15} (systematic) km/s/Mpc (Omega_m=1 and
Omega_Lambda=0). Similarly, the Modified-Hubble-Profile mass model would give
H_0=74^{+18}_{-15} (95% statistical) ^{+22}_{-22} (systematic) km/s/Mpc. For
Omega_m=0.3 and Omega_Lambda=0.7, these values increase by 5.4%. ... (ABRIDGED)Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysics (Figs 1 and 3 with degraded resolution
Occupy this: a dialogic derive
This dialogue is the text-based component of an evolving performative multi-media lecture. By re-reading Guy Debord\u27s The Society of the Spectacle, in relation to the global Occupy movement and the rise of social media, we ask: in what ways does the proliferation of digital imagery enable and limit this recent form of political activism? By subjectively responding to selective quotations from Debord\u27s writing, we link the triumvirate of global capitalism, public space and digital technology, producing commentary on the displacement imposed by contemporary \u27spectacular\u27 technologies, the networked \u27technical image\u27 and the politics of public space
Geometric Hyperplanes of the Near Hexagon L_3 times GQ(2, 2)
Having in mind their potential quantum physical applications, we classify all
geometric hyperplanes of the near hexagon that is a direct product of a line of
size three and the generalized quadrangle of order two. There are eight
different kinds of them, totalling to 1023 = 2^{10} - 1 = |PG(9, 2)|, and they
form two distinct families intricately related with the points and lines of the
Veldkamp space of the quadrangle in question.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables; Version 2 - more detailed
discussion of the properties of hyperplane
Calibration artefacts in radio interferometry. I. Ghost sources in WSRT data
This work investigates a particular class of artefacts, or ghost sources, in
radio interferometric images. Earlier observations with (and simulations of)
the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) suggested that these were due
to calibration with incomplete sky models. A theoretical framework is derived
that validates this suggestion, and provides predictions of ghost formation in
a two-source scenario. The predictions are found to accurately match the result
of simulations, and qualitatively reproduce the ghosts previously seen in
observational data. The theory also provides explanations for many previously
puzzling features of these artefacts (regular geometry, PSF-like sidelobes,
seeming independence on model flux), and shows that the observed phenomenon of
flux suppression affecting unmodelled sources is due to the same mechanism. We
demonstrate that this ghost formation mechanism is a fundamental feature of
calibration, and exhibits a particularly strong and localized signature due to
array redundancy. To some extent this mechanism will affect all observations
(including those with non-redundant arrays), though in most cases the ghosts
remain hidden below the noise or masked by other instrumental artefacts. The
implications of such errors on future deep observations are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRA
Response of thin-film SQUIDs to applied fields and vortex fields: Linear SQUIDs
In this paper we analyze the properties of a dc SQUID when the London
penetration depth \lambda is larger than the superconducting film thickness d.
We present equations that govern the static behavior for arbitrary values of
\Lambda = \lambda^2/d relative to the linear dimensions of the SQUID. The
SQUID's critical current I_c depends upon the effective flux \Phi, the magnetic
flux through a contour surrounding the central hole plus a term proportional to
the line integral of the current density around this contour. While it is well
known that the SQUID inductance depends upon \Lambda, we show here that the
focusing of magnetic flux from applied fields and vortex-generated fields into
the central hole of the SQUID also depends upon \Lambda. We apply this
formalism to the simplest case of a linear SQUID of width 2w, consisting of a
coplanar pair of long superconducting strips of separation 2a, connected by two
small Josephson junctions to a superconducting current-input lead at one end
and by a superconducting lead at the other end. The central region of this
SQUID shares many properties with a superconducting coplanar stripline. We
calculate magnetic-field and current-density profiles, the inductance
(including both geometric and kinetic inductances), magnetic moments, and the
effective area as a function of \Lambda/w and a/w.Comment: 18 pages, 20 figures, revised for Phys. Rev. B, the main revisions
being to denote the effective flux by \Phi rather than
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