Een coherente cartografie voor een geïntegreerd waterbeleid in Brussel

Net als veel andere steden wordt Brussel in toenemende mate geconfronteerd met kwesties rond watermanagement, zoals een voortgaande urbanisatie en een druk op de watervoorraden. Door integraal watermanagement (IWM) in de stadsplanning op te nemen wordt geprobeerd deze problemen aan te pakken door te focussen op landschapskenmerken, maar dat vereist de beschikbaarheid van uitgebreide cartografische data. Sinds 2010 bieden verschillende platformen cartografische data over de Brusselse en Vlaamse regio’s aan, maar deze initiatieven staan los van elkaar en zijn vaak niet coherent. In dit artikel wordt een analyse gemaakt van de mogelijkheden en tekortkomingen van deze cartografische data door middel van twee grensoverschrijdende voorbeelden: de stroombekkens van het Brussels Gewest en het stroombekken van Molenbeek. In het artikel wordt belicht hoe het niet-overstemmen en het niet-toegankelijk zijn van data de toepassing van IWM en andere stedenbouwkundige vraagstukken in grensoverschrijdende gebieden beperken.Like many cities, Brussels faces increasing water issues like urbanization spreading and stresses on the water resources. Integrated Water Management (IWM) in urban planning tackles these problems focusing on the landscape features, but requires extensive cartographic data. Since 2010, different platforms offer cartographic data for the Brussels and Flemish regions, but these initiatives are independent and often not coherent. This article analyses the potentials and deficiencies of these cartographic data through two transboundary examples: the catchments of the Brussels area and the Molenbeek catchment. The article highlights how non-concordance and non-accessibility of the data constrain the application of IWM and other urban planning issues in transboundary areas.Comme bien d’autres villes, Bruxelles est confrontée à des difficultés croissantes liées à l’eau, en raison notamment de la progression de l’urbanisation et des pressions exercées sur les ressources hydriques. Associée à l’urbanisme, la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE) permet de répondre à ces problèmes en s’intéressant aux particularités du paysage, mais requiert d’importants volumes de données cartographiques. Si depuis 2010, différentes plateformes offrent de telles données pour les régions bruxelloise et flamande, il s’agit d’initiatives isolées et souvent sans cohérence. Le présent article analyse les potentialités et les failles de ces données cartographiques à travers deux exemples transrégionaux : les bassins versants de Bruxelles et celui du Molenbeek. Il montre en quoi la non-concordance et l’inaccessibilité des données limitent la mise en œuvre de la GIRE et d’autres plans urbanistiques dans les zones transrégionales

Coherent mapping for integrated water management in Brussels

Like many cities, Brussels faces increasing water issues like urbanization spreading and stresses on the water resources. Integrated Water Management (IWM) in urban planning tackles these problems focusing on the landscape features, but requires extensive cartographic data. Since 2010, different platforms offer cartographic data for the Brussels and Flemish regions, but these initiatives are independent and often not coherent. This article analyses the potentials and deficiencies of these cartographic data through two transboundary examples: the catchments of the Brussels area and the Molenbeek catchment. The article highlights how non-concordance and non-accessibility of the data constrain the application of IWM and other urban planning issues in transboundary areas.Comme bien d’autres villes, Bruxelles est confrontée à des difficultés croissantes liées à l’eau, en raison notamment de la progression de l’urbanisation et des pressions exercées sur les ressources hydriques. Associée à l’urbanisme, la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE) permet de répondre à ces problèmes en s’intéressant aux particularités du paysage, mais requiert d’importants volumes de données cartographiques. Si depuis 2010, différentes plateformes offrent de telles données pour les régions bruxelloise et flamande, il s’agit d’initiatives isolées et souvent sans cohérence. Le présent article analyse les potentialités et les failles de ces données cartographiques à travers deux exemples transrégionaux : les bassins versants de Bruxelles et celui du Molenbeek. Il montre en quoi la non-concordance et l’inaccessibilité des données limitent la mise en œuvre de la GIRE et d’autres plans urbanistiques dans les zones transrégionales.Net als veel andere steden wordt Brussel in toenemende mate geconfronteerd met kwesties rond watermanagement, zoals een voortgaande urbanisatie en een druk op de watervoorraden. Door integraal watermanagement (IWM) in de stadsplanning op te nemen wordt geprobeerd deze problemen aan te pakken door te focussen op landschapskenmerken, maar dat vereist de beschikbaarheid van uitgebreide cartografische data. Sinds 2010 bieden verschillende platformen cartografische data over de Brusselse en Vlaamse regio’s aan, maar deze initiatieven staan los van elkaar en zijn vaak niet coherent. In dit artikel wordt een analyse gemaakt van de mogelijkheden en tekortkomingen van deze cartografische data door middel van twee grensoverschrijdende voorbeelden: de stroombekkens van het Brussels Gewest en het stroombekken van Molenbeek. In het artikel wordt belicht hoe het niet-overstemmen en het niet-toegankelijk zijn van data de toepassing van IWM en andere stedenbouwkundige vraagstukken in grensoverschrijdende gebieden beperken

Une cartographie cohérente pour une gestion intégrée de l’eau à Bruxelles

Comme bien d’autres villes, Bruxelles est confrontée à des difficultés croissantes liées à l’eau, en raison notamment de la progression de l’urbanisation et des pressions exercées sur les ressources hydriques. Associée à l’urbanisme, la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE) permet de répondre à ces problèmes en s’intéressant aux particularités du paysage, mais requiert d’importants volumes de données cartographiques. Si depuis 2010, différentes plateformes offrent de telles données pour les régions bruxelloise et flamande, il s’agit d’initiatives isolées et souvent sans cohérence. Le présent article analyse les potentialités et les failles de ces données cartographiques à travers deux exemples transrégionaux : les bassins versants de Bruxelles et celui du Molenbeek. Il montre en quoi la non-concordance et l’inaccessibilité des données limitent la mise en œuvre de la GIRE et d’autres plans urbanistiques dans les zones transrégionales.Like many cities, Brussels faces increasing water issues like urbanization spreading and stresses on the water resources. Integrated Water Management (IWM) in urban planning tackles these problems focusing on the landscape features, but requires extensive cartographic data. Since 2010, different platforms offer cartographic data for the Brussels and Flemish regions, but these initiatives are independent and often not coherent. This article analyses the potentials and deficiencies of these cartographic data through two transboundary examples: the catchments of the Brussels area and the Molenbeek catchment. The article highlights how non-concordance and non-accessibility of the data constrain the application of IWM and other urban planning issues in transboundary areas.Net als veel andere steden wordt Brussel in toenemende mate geconfronteerd met kwesties rond watermanagement, zoals een voortgaande urbanisatie en een druk op de watervoorraden. Door integraal watermanagement (IWM) in de stadsplanning op te nemen wordt geprobeerd deze problemen aan te pakken door te focussen op landschapskenmerken, maar dat vereist de beschikbaarheid van uitgebreide cartografische data. Sinds 2010 bieden verschillende platformen cartografische data over de Brusselse en Vlaamse regio’s aan, maar deze initiatieven staan los van elkaar en zijn vaak niet coherent. In dit artikel wordt een analyse gemaakt van de mogelijkheden en tekortkomingen van deze cartografische data door middel van twee grensoverschrijdende voorbeelden: de stroombekkens van het Brussels Gewest en het stroombekken van Molenbeek. In het artikel wordt belicht hoe het niet-overstemmen en het niet-toegankelijk zijn van data de toepassing van IWM en andere stedenbouwkundige vraagstukken in grensoverschrijdende gebieden beperken

Ice core evidence for a recent increase in snow accumulation in coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Abstract. Ice cores provide temporal records of snow accumulation, a crucial component of Antarctic mass balance. Coastal areas are particularly under-represented in such records, despite their relatively high and sensitive accumulation rates. Here we present records from a 120 m ice core drilled on Derwael Ice Rise, coastal Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica in 2012. We date the ice core bottom back to 1745 ± 2 AD. δ18O and δD stratigraphy is supplemented by discontinuous major ion profiles, and verified independently by electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) to detect volcanic horizons. The resulting annual layer history is combined with the core density profile to calculate accumulation history, corrected for the influence of ice deformation. The mean long-term accumulation is 0.425 ± 0.035 m water equivalent (w.e.) a−1 (average corrected value). Reconstructed annual accumulation rates show an increase from 1955 onward to a mean value of 0.61 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1 between 1955 and 2012. This trend is compared to other reported accumulation data in Antarctica, generally showing a high spatial variability. Output of the fully coupled Community Earth System Model demonstrates that sea ice and atmospheric patterns largely explain the accumulation variability. This is the first and longest record from a coastal ice core in East Antarctica showing a steady increase during the 20th and 21st centuries, thereby supporting modelling predictions. </jats:p

Ice core evidence for a 20th century increase in surface mass balance in coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Ice cores provide temporal records of surface mass balance (SMB). Coastal areas of Antarctica have relatively high and variable SMB, but are under-represented in records spanning more than 100 years. Here we present SMB reconstruction from a 120m-long ice core drilled in 2012 on the Derwael Ice Rise, coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Water stable isotope (δ18O and δD) stratigraphy is supplemented by discontinuous major ion profiles and continuous electrical conductivity measurements. The base of the ice core is dated to AD1759±16, providing a climate proxy for the past 1/4&250 years. The core's annual layer thickness history is combined with its gravimetric density profile to reconstruct the site's SMB history, corrected for the influence of ice deformation. The mean SMB for the core's entire history is 0.47±0.02m water equivalent (w.e.)a'1. The time series of reconstructed annual SMB shows high variability, but a general increase beginning in the 20th century. This increase is particularly marked during the last 50 years (1962&ndash;2011), which yields mean SMB of 0.61±0.01mw.e.a'1. This trend is compared with other reported SMB data in Antarctica, generally showing a high spatial variability. Output of the fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) suggests that, although atmospheric circulation is the main factor influencing SMB, variability in sea surface temperatures and sea ice cover in the precipitation source region also explain part of the variability in SMB. Local snow redistribution can also influence interannual variability but is unlikely to influence long-term trends significantly. This is the first record from a coastal ice core in East Antarctica to show an increase in SMB beginning in the early 20th century and particularly marked during the last 50 years.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Initial Public Offerings and the Firm Location

The firm geographic location matters in IPOs because investors have a strong preference for newly issued local stocks and provide abnormal demand in local offerings. Using equity holdings data for more than 53,000 households, we show the probability to participate to the stock market and the proportion of the equity wealth is abnormally increasing with the volume of the IPOs inside the investor region. Upon nearly the universe of the 167,515 going public and private domestic manufacturing firms, we provide consistent evidence that the isolated private firms have higher probability to go public, larger IPO underpricing cross-sectional average and volatility, and less pronounced long-run under-performance. Similar but opposite evidence holds for the local concentration of the investor wealth. These effects are economically relevant and robust to local delistings, IPO market timing, agglomeration economies, firm location endogeneity, self-selection bias, and information asymmetries, among others. Findings suggest IPO waves have a strong geographic component, highlight that underwriters significantly under-estimate the local demand component thus leaving unexpected money on the table, and support state-contingent but constant investor propensity for risk

Repenser les paradigmes de la gestion de l'eau en milieu urbain :un projet interdisciplinaire en région bruxelloise

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Identification and representation of water pathways from production areas to urban catchment outlets: a case study in France

Hydrographic networks in urban areas combine several sources and water pathways, including buried channels and, more recently, source control practices. Moreover, pervious areas may be either directly or indirectly connected to drainage facilities and pipe water seepage. All these pathways have significant operational consequences since they challenge design principles, sizing guidelines and operating rules for both collection and treatment facilities, which might even undermine the efforts to improve the quality of receiving waters.The project proposed herein aims to generate a detailed description of the water pathways on an urban catchment in order to assess the impact of urbanplanning strategies and provide guidelines for sewer system evaluation and rehabilitation.The work presented in this paper has taken place within the Pin Sec catchment (Nantes, France); it consists of collecting and analyzing groundwater, wastewater and rainwater in the catchment and then applying the isotopic and chemical results to trace the mixing that occurs in the pipes. Results reveal that isotopic tracing is indeed relevant on this catchment. The isotopic signatures of drinking water and groundwater vary sufficiently during spring, up to 1.50 for ´18O and up to 120 for ´2H in May. The ratios of defective connections and water seepage may be deduced from this output. Chemicals also support the findings of the isotopic tracing results.Identification des chemins de l'eau depuis les sources de production jusqu'aux exutoires en milieu urbai

Toward better practices in infiltration regulations for urban stormwater management

<p>Infiltration of runoff at the plot-scale is increasingly considered as an effective tool to improve urban water management. As a consequence, authorities in different countries adopt regulations prescribing the infiltration of stormwater in new developments. Here we apply a simple sizing procedure for plot-scale infiltration facilities to examine the consequences, in terms of implementation, of typical regulation standards. Considering the relevance of different parameters in the sizing of infiltration facilities, local hydraulic conductivity emerges as the most relevant factor. Because of the importance of local infiltration capacity, current regulation standards based on a single constraint applied everywhere can require from developers highly different compliance efforts and can prove ineffective for stormwater management. We argue that regulations fixing constraints according to plot-scale soil characteristics are feasible and more effective.</p

Analysis of the Stable Isotope Ratios (18O/16O, 17O/16O, and D/H) in Glacier Water by Laser Spectrometry

A compact isotope ratio sensor based on laser absorption spectroscopy at 2.7 μm was developed for high precision and simultaneous measurements of the D/H, 18O/16O and 17O/16O isotope ratios in glacier water. Measurements of the oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in glacier water demonstrate a 1σ precision of 0.3‰ for δ18O, 0.2‰ for δ17O, and 0.5‰ for δ2H, respectively. The δvalues of the working standard glacier water obtained by the calibrated sensor system is basically identical to the IRMS measurement results with a very high calibration accuracy from 0.17‰ to 0.75‰. Preliminary results on the reproducibility measurements display a standard deviation of 0.13‰ for δ18O, 0.13‰ for δ17O, and 0.64‰ for δ2H, respectively.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe