Comparison of mental disorders and adversity quotient in prisoners and non-prisoners in Shahrekord

زمینه و هدف: عدم سازش و وجود اختلالات رفتاری در جوامع انسانی بسیار مشهود و فراوان است. در هر طبقه و صنفی و هر گروه و جمعی، اشخاص نامتعادلی زندگی می‌کنند. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اختلالات روانی و ضریب سختی در افراد زندانی و غیر زندانی شهرستان شهرکرد در سال 1392 انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، تعداد 100 نفر زندانی و 100 نفر غیر زندانی، در متغیرهای سن، تحصیلات، میزان درآمد، تأهل و طبقه اجتماعی همتا سازی شده و به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه تشخیص اختلالات روانی (SCL-90-R) و مقیاس ضریب سختی (AQ) استفاده شد. داده ها به کمک روش‌های آماری تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره و آزمون t مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در میزان اختلالات روانی درافراد زندانی و غیر زندانی وجود ندارد (05/0P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های این پژوهش ضریب سختی بر اختلالات روانی تأثیر گذار بوده و به عنوان یک ویژگی شخصیتی در برابر فشارهای زندگی محافظت کننده می باشد

Comparison anti-giardia activity of Satureja hortensis alcoholic extract and metronidazole in vitro

Background and aims: Giardiasis is known as intestinal infection and created by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia. Some studies showed that phenolic components, present in plant extracts and essential oils, have anti-Giardia activity. The current study was performed to compare anti-Giardia activity of Satureja hortensis (SH) alcoholic extract and metronidazole in vitro. Methods: In this Laboratory-experimental study, it was separated cysts from the feces by Bingham procedure with minor modification. The numbers of cysts were calculated with Hemusytumetr and the purified cysts of Giardia lamblia (500 µl) were exposed with 500 µl of extract at concentrations of 10, 100 and 200 mg/ml and 125 mg/kg of metronidazole for 30, 60 and 120 min. The numbers of dead and live cysts was enumerated with a microscope. Results: Findings in the currnt studyshowed an increase in anti-Giardia activity of extract at high concentrations with increasing time. SH, at 100 mg/ml killed 53 in 30 min, 68 in 60 min and 78 in 120 min. Also, the extract killed by 62 in 30 min, about 88 in 60 minutes and 92 in 120 minutes. The drug had similar effects in 60 and 120 minutes, but it killed 83 in 30 minutes. Conclusion: SH alcoholic extract showed anti-Giardia activity at high rates and more time. Thus, SH extract at 200 mg may be suitable alternative for Metronidazole, without side effects. However, anti-Giardia activity of SH needs to more attentions, especially clinical investigations

Antimicrobial effects of folk medicinal plants from the North of Iran against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Background: Medicinal plants have been used traditionally in Golestan province (north of Iran), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the clinical signs of tuberculosis (TB). Objectives: This study aimed to define the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts of six of these medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: Peganum harmala (seed extract), Punica granatum (peel extract), Digitalis sp. (leaf extract), fruit extract of Citrus lemon, Rosa canina and Berberis vulgaris were extracted in ethanol and their activity against M. tuberculosis isolates were determined by the agar diffusion method. The zone of inhibition (at 200 to 1.6 mg/mL) was measured and the results were compared with isoniazid and rifampin as standard positive controls. Also the concentration of vitamin C of each the extracts was evaluated. Results: The ethanolic extract of Peganum harmala seed and Punica granatum peel exhibited potential activity against all M. tuberculosis isolates with mean inhibitory zone of 18.7 and 18.8 mm, at 200 mg/mL concentration. The mean inhibitory zone around isoniazid and rifampinwere 19.2 and 18.8 mm. Ethanolic extract of Citrus lemon showed moderate inhibitory activity only against sensitive (non MDR; non multi drug resistant) strains of M. tuberculosis, and Digitalis sp. showed inhibitory effects on five isolates. Ascorbic acid content was 43.3 mg/dL in Punica granatum and Digitalis sp. and only 9.1 mg/dL in ethanolic extract of Peganum harmala. Conclusions: The highest content of vitamin C was observed in the extract of Punica granatum, which was observed to be highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the P. harmala must have contained other phytochemical constituents that contributed to the anti-tuberculosis effects of this plant. Our findings showed that ethanolic extracts of P. granatum and P. harmala had anti-TB effects comparable to isoniazid and rifampin and can be good candidates for novel and safe natural products against tuberculosis. © 2015, Pediatric Infections Research Center

Острый холецистит как первое проявление первичного плоскоклеточного рака желчного пузыря: клинический случай

Background. SCC of the gallbladder is characterized by more rapid and invasive growth with infiltration of the adjacent organs and less spread to the lymph nodes compared to adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. It is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 1.4–12.7 % of gallbladder tumors. SCC of the gallbladder has a poor prognosis. symptoms usually appear later when the disease has progressed and the malignancy has reached advanced stages. therefore, usually, the patients expire soon following the diagnosis. the etiology of the SCC of the gallbladder is complex and is mostly associated with gallstones. Case description. We report a case of a 56-year-old man that had been suffering from colicky abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for about two weeks before his admission. He did not have nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, fever, lack of appetite, or weight loss. after evaluation, a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established and antibiotic therapy was initiated. However, he did not respond to medical therapy and underwent surgery. A tumor mass was detected during surgery. therefore, cholecystectomy and extended right hepatectomy were performed. The pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma. consequently, he underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and was followed up for two years. He acquired complete tumor remission. Conclusion. The present case highlights the requirement of considering further investigation on the histogenesis of SCC of the gallbladder.Актуальность. По сравнению с аденокарциномой плоскоклеточный рак желчного пузыря (ПРЖП) характеризуется более быстрым и инвазивным ростом с инфильтрацией соседних органов и более редким поражением лимфатических узлов. Это редкое новообразование, на долю которого приходится 1,4–12,7 % опухолей желчного пузыря. ПРЖП имеет плохой прогноз. Симптомы обычно появляются на поздних стадиях заболевания, в связи в чем пациенты часто умирают вскоре после постановки диагноза. Этиология ПРЖП сложная и в основном связана с наличием конкрементов в желчном пузыре. Описание случая. Пациент, 56 лет, поступил в стационар с жалобами на коликообразные боли в правом подреберье, которые возникли примерно за 2 нед до госпитализации; тошноты, рвоты, одышки, лихорадки, отсутствия аппетита или потери веса не отмечал. После обследования установлен диагноз острого холецистита и начата антибактериальная терапия, которая не дала положительных результатов, и пациенту была выполнена операция, при ревизии обнаружена опухоль желчного пузыря, что явилось показанием для холецистэктомии и расширенной правосторонней гемигепатэктомии. При гистологическом исследовании биопсийного материала выявлен плоскоклеточный рак. После операции назначена лучевая терапия и химиотерапия. При динамическом наблюдении в течение 2 лет отмечается полная ремиссия опухоли. Заключение. Представленный клинический случай подчеркивает необходимость дальнейшего изучения гистогенеза плоскоклеточного рака желчного пузыря

Occurrence and molecular characterization of a 16SrI-R subgroup phytoplasma associated with Aquilegia vulgaris phyllody disease

During 2016–2017 surveys, carried out for phytoplasma diseases in ornamental plants in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, Iran, found symptoms of virescence, phyllody, reduced size of leaves and flowers in columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris). Total DNAs extracted from symptomatic and symptomless plants were tested for the presence of phytoplasma using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primers in direct and nested PCR producing amplicons of about 1.8 and 1.2 kb, respectively, from all symptomatic A. vulgaris plants, but not from symptomless ones. The consensus sequence of the detected phytoplasma named Aquilegia phyllody (APh) was 100% identical with strains clustering to phytoplasmas enclosed in the 16SrI group as also confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Both real and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of R16F2n/R16R2 amplicons showed profiles that were identical to each other and indicated the affiliation of the APh phytoplasma to the 16SrI-R subgroup. This is the first report of a 16SrI-R phytoplasma associated with this A. vulgaris phyllody disease

Output-only Modal Identification of beams with different boundary condition

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) evaluates the integrity of a structure by observing its dynamic responses by an array of sensors over time to determine the current health state of the structure. The most important step of SHM is system identification which in civil structures is the identification of modal parameters of structures. Due to numerous limitations of input-output methods, system identification of ambient vibration structures using output-only identification techniques has become a key issue in structural health monitoring and assessment of engineering structures. In this paper, four beams with different boundary conditions and with arbitrary loading have been modeled in finite element software, ANSYS, and the responses (Acceleration of nodes) have been achieved. By using these data and the codes written in MATLAB software, the modal parameters (natural frequencies, mode shapes) of the beams are identified with FDD (frequency Domain Decomposition) and PP (Peak Picking) methods and then justified with the results of input-output method which was determined by frequency relation function (FRF). The results indicate a good agreement between the three methods for determining the dynamic characteristics of beams.Comment: Conference paper. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2010.0749

Insights into galvanic corrosion behavior of Ti-Cu dissimilar joint: Effect of microstructure and volta potential

The effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of a solid-state explosion welded Ti-Cu bimetal is investigated by means of alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) electrochemical measurements, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The results indicate that the titanium regions in the welding interface, local melted zone (LMZ), and LMZ-Cu interface are potential sites for initiation of corrosion attacks. SKPFM mapping clearly shows that before exposure of the sample to a 3.5% NaCl corrosive solution and at the beginning of the exposure, the Cu side of the bimetal has a higher Volta potential in comparison to that of the Ti region, and thus acts as a cathode. Electrochemical measurements also confirm that titanium acts as an anode and copper as a cathode, in the first moments of immersion, in accordance with macroscopic observations and SKPFM results. However, by growing a passive layer of titanium oxide and titanium hydroxide on the Ti side after about 1 h exposure to the corrosive medium, the titanium side becomes nobler and the polarity arrangement in the galvanic couple reverses

Lavandula angustifolia Extract Improves the Result of Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Transplantation after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Wistar Rats

Introduction. The primary trauma of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe damage to nervous functions. At the cellular level, SCI causes astrogliosis. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs), isolated from Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord, can be easily obtained. Previously, we showed that the neuroprotective effects of Lavandula angustifolia can lead to improvement in a contusive SCI model in rats. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L. angustifolia (Lav) on HUMSC transplantation after acute SCI. Materials and Methods. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Every week after SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcomes. H&E staining was performed to examine the lesions after injury. GFAP expression was assessed for astrogliosis. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results. Behavioral tests showed that the HUMSC group improved in comparison with the SCI group, but HUMSC + Lav 400 was very effective, resulting in a significant increase in locomotion activity. Sensory tests and histomorphological and immunohistochemistry analyses verified the potentiation effects of Lav extract on HUMSC treatment. Conclusion. Transplantation of HUMSCs is beneficial for SCI in rats, and Lav extract can potentiate the functional and cellular recovery with HUMSC treatment in rats after SCI. Copyright © 2016 Kayvan Yaghoobi et al

Effect of substrate grain size on structural and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nickel layer protected with self-assembled film of stearic acid

In the present study, the impact of copper substrate grain size on the structure of the succeeding electrodeposited nickel film and its consequent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl medium were evaluated before and after functionalization with stearic acid. Nickel layers were electrodeposited on two different copper sheets with average grain size of 12 and 25 \u3bcm, followed by deposition of stearic acid film through self-assembly. X-ray diffraction analysis of the electrodeposited nickel films revealed that the deposition of nickel film on the Cu substrate with small (12 \u3bcm) and large (25 \u3bcm) grains is predominantly governed by growth in the (220) and (111) planes, respectively. Both electrodeposited films initially exhibited a hydrophilic nature, with water-contact angles of 56\ub0 and <10\ub0, respectively. After functionalization with stearic acid, superhydrophobic films with contact angles of ~150\ub0 were obtained on both samples. In a 3.5% NaCl medium, the corrosion resistance of the nickel layer electrodeposited on the copper substrate with 25 \u3bcm grains was three times greater than that deposited on the copper substrate with 12 \u3bcm grains. After functionalization, the corrosion resistance of both films was greatly improved in both short and long immersion times in 3.5% NaCl medium