Nanoscale content-addressable memory

A combined content addressable memory device and memory interface is provided. The combined device and interface includes one or more one molecular wire crossbar memories having spaced-apart key nanowires, spaced-apart value nanowires adjacent to the key nanowires, and configurable switches between the key nanowires and the value nanowires. The combination further includes a key microwire-nanowire grid (key MNG) electrically connected to the spaced-apart key nanowires, and a value microwire-nanowire grid (value MNG) electrically connected to the spaced-apart value nanowires. A key or value MNGs selects multiple nanowires for a given key or value

Protocol for a Scoping/Systematic Review: Scoping Review of Vaccination for the Prevention of Calf Scours in Cow-Calf Operations

Background: The use of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has been a topic of increasing concern in the last  few years. Calf scours is one of the main causes of mortality among calves younger than 1 month and affects the development of the animal, representing severe economic losses to the producers. The causes of the disease include a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoal pathogens, and other non-infectious causes. The treatment efficacy, in particular of antimicrobial therapy, depends on the type of infection. Blanket antimicrobial treatment for calf scours without identification of the pathogen may contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In this review we explore the available literature for evidence of effective methods to prevent calf scours in cow-calf operations in California through the use of vaccination.Objectives:  The objective of this scoping review is to examine and describe the existing literature on vaccination for the prevention of calf scours that might reduce the incidence of calf scours by different causes, and therefore reduce the use of antimicrobials due to calf scours.Design: Primary research on vaccination for pathogens that cause calf scours will be considered for inclusion, such as studies conducted in pre-weaned calves that report the efficacy of vaccines for the prevention of calf scours. The process for selection and inclusion of the studies will be reported in a flow chart according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The results will be summarized in tables and charts describing study types, interventions and outcomes

Demonstrating subsurface drip irrigation as a climate adaptation strategy for sustainable crop production in South Carolina

2014 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Informing Strategic Water Planning to Address Natural Resource, Community and Economic Challenge

Prevalence of type and etiology of lung cancer among the patients presented to a tertiary care hospital at central Kerala: a descriptive study

Background: Lung cancer remains the most common cause of premature mortality in men in developing countries. This study was aimed to evaluate the type and etiological factors of lung cancer in patients presented to a tertiary care hospital of central Kerala.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in patients who were diagnosed as lung cancer. The medical records of such patients were reviewed. The data such as age, gender, etiological risk factors and type of lung cancer were collected. Patients with incomplete reports or repeated tests, or histopathological findings were negative for lung cancers were excluded from the study.Results: Total 228 patients were included in the study with age of 64.71± 9.75. The male (198) and female (30) ratio was 6.6:1, indicated the male dominance. Among the histological types, the squamous cell carcinoma was 29% (68/228) found as the most prevalent type which is followed by adenocarcinoma 26 % (61/228). The right side (132/228) lobe was the major segment than the left side (91/228). Similarly, incidence in the central region (128/228) was more than the peripheral region (69/228). Among the right side, the upper lobe was dominant when compared to the lower or middle lobe. The lower left lobe incidence was found in 47/228 cases. Among the total, 188 cases were tobacco smokers while the remaining were nonsmokers.Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma with right side upper lobe of lung was prevalent among the lung cancer cases. Tobacco smoking was found to be the major etiological factor

Long Social Distancing

More than ten percent of Americans with recent work experience say they will continue social distancing after the COVID-19 pandemic ends, and another 45 percent will do so in limited ways. We uncover this Long Social Distancing phenomenon in our monthly Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. It is more common among older persons, women, the less educated, those who earn less, and in occupations and industries that require many face-to-face encounters. People who intend to continue social distancing have lower labor force participation—unconditionally, and conditional on demographics and other controls. Regression models that relate outcomes to intentions imply that Long Social Distancing reduced participation by 2.5 percentage points in the first half of 2022. Separate self-assessed causal effects imply a reduction of 2.0 percentage points. The impact on the earnings-weighted participation rate is smaller at about 1.4 percentage points. This drag on participation reduces potential output by nearly one percent and shrinks the college wage premium. Economic reasoning and evidence suggest that Long Social Distancing and its effects will persist for many months or years

Why working from home will stick

COVID-19 drove a mass social experiment in working from home (WFH). We survey more than 30,000 Americans over multiple waves to investigate whether WFH will stick, and why. Our data say that 20 percent of full workdays will be supplied from home after the pandemic ends, compared with just 5 percent before. We develop evidence on five reasons for this large shift: better-than-expected WFH experiences, new investments in physical and human capital that enable WFH, greatly diminished stigma associated with WFH, lingering concerns about crowds and contagion risks, and a pandemic-driven surge in technological innovations that support WFH. We also use our survey data to project three consequences: First, employees will enjoy large benefits from greater remote work, especially those with higher earnings. Second, the shift to WFH will directly reduce spending in major city centers by at least 5-10 percent relative to the pre-pandemic situation. Third, our data on employer plans and the relative productivity of WFH imply a 5 percent productivity boost in the post-pandemic economy due to re-optimized working arrangements. Only one-fifth of this productivity gain will show up in conventional productivity measures, because they do not capture the time savings from less commuting

Internet access and its implications for productivity, inequality and resilience

About one-fifth of paid workdays will be supplied from home in the post-pandemic economy, and more than one-fourth on an earnings-weighted basis. In view of this projection, we consider some implications of home internet access quality, exploiting data from the new Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. Moving to high-quality, fully reliable home internet service for all Americans ('universal access') would raise earnings-weighted labor productivity by an estimated 1.1% in the coming years. The implied output gains are $160 billion per year, or$4 trillion when capitalized at a 4% rate. Estimated flow output payoffs to universal access are nearly three times as large in economic disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic. Our survey data also say that subjective well-being was higher during the pandemic for people with better home internet service conditional on age, employment status, earnings, working arrangements, and other controls. In short, universal access would raise productivity, and it would promote greater economic and social resilience during future disasters that inhibit travel and in-person interactions

Factors associated with anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: COPD is a progressive condition with significant co morbidities and extra pulmonary manifestations. It is well known that anxiety and depression are the major psychiatric comorbidities associated with COPD. However, little is known about the factors associated with these conditions.  Methods: A cross sectional observational study was performed, including 320 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were interviewed as part of the study. Anxiety and depression were screened using hospital anxiety depression rating scale (HADS). All patients were subjected for clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and routine blood examination.Results: We found that 59.4% of COPD patients had either anxiety or depression as co morbidity and 32.2% had both the psychiatric symptoms. 166 patients (51.9%) had anxiety and 127 patients (39.7%) had depression. The factors associated with anxiety and depression in COPD patients were hospitalization (in-patients), duration of disease, number of hospitalizations in the previous year, hypertension, MMRC grade, BMI, oxygen saturation, six minute walk distance, FEV1, FVC and BODE score.  Linear regression analysis showed that the number of hospital admissions in the previous year was the most significant factor associated with both anxiety (p=0.008) and depression (p=0.020).Conclusions: The number of hospital admissions in the previous year was the most significant factor associated with anxiety and depression in COPD.

Quantum tunneling of superconducting string currents

We investigate the decay of current on a superconducting cosmic string through quantum tunneling. We construct the instanton describing tunneling in a simple bosonic string model, and estimate the decay rate. The tunneling rate vanishes in the limit of a chiral current. This conclusion, which is supported by a symmetry argument, is expected to apply in general. It has important implications for the stability of chiral vortons.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure