Letter Exchange between C.E Haupt and E.C Davis

Dr. C. E. Haupt, Priest of the Lancaster Lutheran Church, wrote Earl Davis with concerns about the religious views that Davis espoused (Man is not fallen; The death of Jesus is not a vicarious atonement. etc.). Davis\u27 response is a reasoned reply to the older more transcendental approaches to religion, and why he thinks a creedless, less transcendental approach fits the modern age. The primary downloadable document contains the original document followed by the transcription. The bottom of each item page also features the primary document as an embedded pdf for browsing. Transcription by Davis Baird. Item description based off writing and context provided by Davis Baird.https://commons.clarku.edu/lancaster_manuscripts/1000/thumbnail.jp

Archaeology and Cosmopolitanism in Early Historic and Medieval Sri Lanka

Whilst the Early Historic and Medieval periods of Sri Lanka are often presented as a golden age of Sinhalese and Buddhist achievement, there is also substantial evidence for a multiplicity of communities residing within the island during that time. This is unsurprising, given the island’s location on trade routes spanning the Indian Ocean, linking its communities with East Africa, the Middle East, South-east Asia and China. The physical evidence of this trade is clear from excavations within the island's ancient capital Anuradhapura and its major port, Mantai, with their assemblages of fine Chinese ceramics, glazed and bitumen-coated vessels from Mesopotamia, and semi-precious stones from Afghanistan (Carswell et al. 2013; Coningham 2006). The spread of Buddhism into the island also forged strong regional links with communities in northern India but, at the same time contributed to increasing differentiation between communities in the south of the Subcontinent. Indeed, tensions were also evident within and between the island’s Buddhist sects, which led to conflict on a number of occasions. Archaeological research in the hinterland around Anuradhapura has also identified a variety of competing, yet complementary ritual foci, indicating that whilst Buddhism may have been regarded as the official religion of the island, other traditions and belief systems were strong and pervasive (Coningham & Gunawardhana 2013). These divisions may have often been superficial or have had ‘fuzzy’ boundaries in the past, yet they have been used to legitimate colonial and post-colonial religious and political inequalities. Despite these uncertainties, Sri Lanka's place at the heart of international trade routes, linking East and West is undisputable, creating an island of diverse communities and traditions, and prospering in the process

Morbidité et mortalité hospitalières dues aux maladies diarrhéiques (Côte d'Ivoire)

Durant l'année 86 dans les 4 centres hospitaliers étudiés, 11,7% des enfants ont été hospitalisés pour diarrhées, le taux de mortalité par diarrhées est de 1,15%. Le taux de léthalité est de 9,9%. (Résumé d'auteur

A randomized controlled trial of a physician-directed treatment program for low-income patients with high blood cholesterol: the Southeast Cholesterol Project

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering intervention designed to facilitate the management of hypercholesterolemia by primary care clinicians. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial, with randomization of clinician-patient groups. SETTING: Twenty-one community and rural health centers in North Carolina and Virginia. PARTICIPANTS: Primary care clinicians (n = 42, 71% physicians) and the patients they enrolled with high cholesterol (n = 372). Twenty-two clinicians were randomized to give the special intervention (184 patients) and 20 to give usual care (188 patients). Two thirds of participating patients were women, 40% were African American, and 11% were Native American. INTERVENTION: A 90-minute tutorial to train clinicians how to use a structured assessment and treatment program (Food for Heart Program) consisting of a brief dietary assessment and three 5- to 10-minute dietary counseling sessions given by the primary care clinician, referral to a local dietitian if the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remained elevated at 4-month follow-up, and a prompt for the clinician to consider lipid-lowering medication based on the LDL-C at 7-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in total and LDL cholesterol at 4-month follow-up and averaged over a 1-year follow-up period (4-, 7-, and 12-month follow-up). RESULTS: At 4-month follow-up, total cholesterol decreased 0.33 mmol/L (12.6 mg/dL) in the intervention group and 0.21 mmol/L (8.3 mg/dL) in the control group: the difference was 0.11 mmol/L (4.2 mg/dL) (90% confidence interval [CI], -0.02 to 0.24 mmol/L [-0.7 to 9.1 mg/dL]). The average reduction during the 1-year follow-up period was 0.09 mmol/L (3.6 mg/dL) greater in the intervention group (90% CI, -0.01 to 0.19 mmol/L [-0.3 to 7.5 mg/dL]). Eight percent of intervention patients were taking lipid-lowering medication at follow-up visits compared with 15% of control patients. In a subgroup analysis restricted to the 89% of returnees who were not taking lipid-lowering medication, the reduction in total cholesterol at 4-month follow-up was 0.14 mmol/L (5.5 mg/dL) greater in the intervention group (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.28 mmol/L [0.3 to 10.7 mg/dL]); averaged over 1 year, it was 0.14 mmol/L (5.3 mg/dL) greater (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.24 mmol/L [1.2 to 9.4 mg/dL]). Changes in LDL-C were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased more in the intervention group than in the control group. Overall, the difference in lipid reduction between groups was modest and of borderline statistical significance; among participants who did not take lipid-lowering medication during follow-up, the difference in lipid reduction between groups was larger. We conclude that primary care clinicians can be trained to give a cholesterol-lowering intervention to low-income patients that results in modest, short-term reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C

Toxic Leadership, Destructive Leadership, and Identity Leadership: What are the Relationships and Does Follower Personality Matter?

Інтеграція теорій лідерства та розуміння взаємодії між цими теоріями є метою багатьох дослідників лідерства. Останніми роками темна сторона лідерства стала темою, яка цікавить як дослідників, так і практиків. Темне лідерство порівнюється з отрутою в організації, що впроваджує токсини в культуру компанії та прищеплює глибоко вкорінені поведінку, ставлення та дії, які є джерелом внутрішнього розпаду організації. Після перегляду короткого вступного відео в цій статті використовується перехресний дизайн, щоб дослідити оцінки послідовників токсичного лідерства, деструктивного лідерства та схильності лідерства до ідентичності. Відповідна теорія, що стосується лідерства ідентичності, токсичного лідерства, і деструктивні конструкції лідерства розглядаються та емпірично перевіряються, щоб з’ясувати, як ці теми взаємопов’язані. Більшість досліджень, що вивчають особистість послідовників і лідерські якості, зосереджені на позитивних стилях лідерства (наприклад, трансформація або трансакційний). Це дослідження усуває цю прогалину в літературі кількома способами. По-перше, ми досліджуємо, як лідерство ідентичності пов’язане з деструктивними та токсичними характеристиками лідерства. Ми перевіряємо, як сприйнятий зв'язок між цими змінними змінюється залежно від особистості послідовника, потреба, визначена в попередніх дослідженнях. Крім того, це дослідження сприяє обговоренню Пеллет’є (2012) відсутності досліджень, які б розглядали відносини лідер-послідовник у контексті темної сторони лідерства. Зокрема, щоб з’ясувати вплив оцінок підписників, роль особистості послідовника досліджується як модеруюча змінна. Ці результати підтверджують дослідження інших, які показують, що особистість впливає на інтерпретацію лідерських дій. Однак поточне дослідження розширює це поняття, щоб показати, що навіть короткий період контакту з лідером дозволяє послідовникам виносити судження про лідера.Integrating leadership theories and understanding the interactions between these theories is a goal for many leadership scholars. The dark side of leadership has become a topic of interest for researchers and practitioners alike in recent years. Dark leadership is likened to poison in an organization, embedding toxins in the company’s culture and instilling deep-rooted behaviors, attitudes, and actions that are a source of internal organizational decay. After viewing a brief introductory video, this article uses a cross-sectional design to investigate followers’ evaluations of a potential leader’s toxic leadership, destructive leadership, and identity leadership propensities. Relevant theory relating to identity leadership, toxic leadership, and destructive leadership constructs is reviewed and empirically tested to clarify how these topics interrelate. Most studies examining follower personality and leadership attributions have focused on positive leadership styles (e.g., transformation or transactional). This study addresses this gap in the literature in several ways. First, we examine how identity leadership is related to destructive and toxic leadership characteristics. We examine how the perceived relationship between these variables varies based on the follower’s personality, a need identified in previous studies. Further, this study contributes to Pelletier’s (2012) discussion of the lack of research that considers leader-follower relationships in the context of the dark side of leadership. Specifically, to clarify the influence of followers’ evaluations, the role of follower personality is explored as a moderating variable. These results support research from others showing that personality affects the interpretation of leadership actions. However, the current study extends this notion to show that even a short period of contact with the leader allows followers to make judgements about the leader

Attachment Styles Within the Coach-Athlete Dyad: Preliminary Investigation and Assessment Development

The present preliminary study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a new sport-specific self-report instrument designed to assess athletes’ and coaches’ attachment styles. The development and initial validation comprised three main phases. In Phase 1, a pool of items was generated based on pre-existing self-report attachment instruments, modified to reflect a coach and an athlete’s style of attachment. In Phase 2, the content validity of the items was assessed by a panel of experts. A final scale was developed and administered to 405 coaches and 298 athletes (N = 703 participants). In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained data was conducted to determine the final items of the Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable goodness of fit indexes for a 3-first order factor model as well as a 2-first order factor model for both the athlete and the coach data, respectively. A secure attachment style positively predicted relationship satisfaction, while an insecure attachment style was a negative predictor of relationship satisfaction. The CAAS revealed initial psychometric properties of content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as reliability