Flow State between Open and Closed Skill Athletes: A Psychological Probe

The present study was conducted to examine the flow state between open and closed skill athletes. To obtain required data, the investigators had selected one hundred and twenty (N=120) male university level athletes of 19 to 25 years of age to act as subjects. They were divided into two groups; sixty (n=60) open skill athletes and sixty (n=60) closed skill athletes of various games and sports. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. To measure the level of dispositional flow state of the subjects, the flow state battery constructed by Jackson & Eklund (2004) was administered. The?t‘ test was applied to find out the significant differences between open and closed skill athletes with regards to dispositional Flow Scale-2. To test the hypothesis, the level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant differences between open and closed skill athletes on the sub-variables; challenge skill balance, action awareness merging, unambiguous feedback, autotelic experience and overall dispositional flow scale-2. It is further revealed that the open skill athletes have performed significantly better than closed skill athletes on the above said sub variables. However, no significant differences were found with regard to the sub-variables; clear goals, concentration on the task at hand, sense of control, loss of self-consciousness and transformation of time

Sum connectedness in proximity spaces

[EN] The notion of sum $\delta$-connected proximity space which contains the category of $\delta$-connected and locally $\delta$-connected space is defined. Several characterizations of it are substantiated. Weaker forms of sum $\delta$-connectedness are also studied.Singh, B.; Singh, D. (2021). Sum connectedness in proximity spaces. Applied General Topology. 22(2):345-354. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2021.14809OJS345354222G. Bezhanishvili, Zero-dimensional proximities and zero-dimensional compactifications, Topology Appl. 156 (2009), 1496-1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2008.12.036R. Dimitrijević and Lj. Kočinac, On connectedness of proximity spaces, Matem. Vesnik 39 (1987), 27-35.R. Dimitrijević and Lj. Kočinac, On treelike proximity spaces, Matem. Vesnik 39, no. 3 (1987), 257-261.V. A. Efremovic, Infinitesimal spaces, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 76 (1951), 341-343 (in Russian).V. A. Efremovic, The geometry of proximity I, Mat. Sb. 31 (1952), 189-200 (in Russian).J. K. Kohli, A class of spaces containing all connected and all locally connected spaces, Math. Nachr. 82 (1978), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.19780820113S. G. Mrówka and W. J. Pervin, On uniform connectedness, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 (1964), 446-449. https://doi.org/10.2307/2034521S. Naimpally, Proximity Approach to Problems in Topology and Analysis, Oldenbourg Verlag, München, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1524/9783486598605S. Naimpally and B. D. Warrack, Proximity Spaces, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1970. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511569364Y. M. Smirnov, On completeness of proximity spaces I, Amer. Math. Soc. Trans. 38 (1964), 37-73. https://doi.org/10.1090/trans2/038/03Y. M. Smirnov, On proximity spaces, Amer. Math. Soc. Trans. 38 (1964), 5-35.S. Willard, General Topology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass.-London-Don Mills, Ont., 1970

SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOR: THE INVINCIBLE AND INVISIBLE PHENOMENON IN BASKETBALL SPORTS

The present study was aimed to identify the role of superstitious behavior in performance of basketball players. For this purpose, sixty female basketball players of 19 to 25 years of age were selected. All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided into three groups; (i.e., N1=20; District, N2=20; State and N3=20 National). To measure the level of superstitions behaviors of the subjects, the superstitions beliefs and behaviour scale constructed by Bleak and Frederick (1998) was administered. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the three groups of basketball. Where F values were found significant, LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. Summarizing from the above findings we can say that insignificant differences were found in basketball players on the sub-variables of Clothing and Appearance, Fetish, Preparation, Game/Competition, Team Ritual, Prayer, Coach and superstitions behavior.  Article visualizations

Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs) as a Tool in Conservation of Heritage Structures in the Precincts of Amritsar city

  Heritage structures play an important role in defining the essence of a city, possessing immense historical value that necessitates conservation. These heritage structures in the historic precincts are at risk of being demolished in developing countries undergoing rapid urbanization. Current legislative measures appear insufficient to prevent the destruction of such structures in the precincts. This vulnerability can be attributed to a general lack of understanding of their significance to the stakeholders, the absence of conservation incentives, and the limited development options available to heritage property owners. This paper examines into the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs), a potential incentive mechanism that could aid in the preservation of these architectural structures and precincts. The TDRs initiative is proposed as a viable option for heritage property owners, striking a balance between economic interests and preservation

To study the efficacy and tolerability of fenugreek seed powder as add-on therapy with metformin in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Fenugreek, an ancient herb has been known for its culinary and medicinal value in Indian Subcontinent. Its seeds, rich in fibers and phytochemical compounds, have been investigated for their hypoglycemic and multiple benefits. This study was thus undertaken to assess the anti-hyperglycemic effect of fenugreek seeds in patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as add-on therapy with metformin.Methods: An open-labelled comparative study of 12 weeks duration was conducted on patients (randomly divided in 2 groups of 30 each) of Type 2 DM. Group 1 was given metformin 500 mg twice a day while group 2 was given 500 mg of metformin along with fenugreek seed powder capsule,1 gm thrice a day. Weekly evaluation for fasting and post-prandial blood sugar was done. HbA1c estimation was done at the beginning and at the end of the study. Student’s t-test (paired and unpaired) was applied for statistical analysis.Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, there was significant fall in fasting, as well as postprandial blood sugar and HbA1c levels in group 1 and group 2. However this improvement was statistically more significant in group 2 when compared to group 1.Conclusions: This study shows the beneficial effects of fenugreek seeds on glycemic profile in patients of Type 2 DM and can be used as an add-on therapy with metformin in management of Type 2 DM