From 'Evolutionary Turn' to 'Territorial Resources': The New Trajectories of Innovation in Provence, France

International audienceThis article provides a comparative insight of two theoretical frameworks: the 'Evolutionary Turn' of Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) developed notably by Ron Boschma, Ron Martin and Peter Sunley, and the new works of the GREMI1 group, developed notably by Roberto Ca- magni, Denis Maillat and Andre ́e Matteaccioli. EEG assets that the economic landscape is influ- enced by 'path dependence' and witnesses a strong capacity of evolution and adaptation. The GREMI, on the other hand, has recently been focusing on natural and cultural resources that are able to generate new forms of local development in the long term. These 'territorial resources' are exploited by an innovative 'milieu' that plays a key role in coordinating this process. By studying the competitive cluster of perfumes, aromas, flavors and fragrances in Provence (France) that develops a relatively new industry built on historical and territorial specificities of place and land- scape, we will argue that these two approaches are complementary. After highlighting the main contributions of both theories, we will then present the historical framework of old industries like soap of Marseilles. Next, we will focus on the ideological turn that occurred in the 1970s with the emergent notion of authenticity and the capacity of the local milieu to convert latent resources into active resources. The concluding section will emphasize the role played by regional actors in setting these new trajectories in motion, without underestimating the persistent or new deadlocks, and it will also draw lessons and perspectives from this research

Mondialisation et ancrage territorial chez ST Microelectronics

Cette communication s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une réflexion sur l'insertion territoriale des firmes dans l'espace méditerranéen. Le cas du fabriquant de semiconducteurs ST Microelectronics comporte plusieurs enseignements. Premièrement, l'espace de référence de la firme est avant tout mondial, mais l'espace euroméditerranéen d'origine joue un rôle dans son organisation spatiale, son identité et sa stratégie. Deuxièmement, l'ancrage territorial de la firme est marqué par la pérennité des sites, mais les relations entre les sites et l'environnement local sont très variables. Le site de Rousset (Provence), malgré la proximité de l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise est longtemps resté un site de production marqué par le retard des liens entre industrie, recherche et formation. En revanche, en plein Mezzogiorno, le site de Catane a tissé de longue date des liens avec l'université et possède un centre de R&D de 850 personnes. Il y a là un paradoxe qui permet de souligner que les effets de proximité ne dépendent pas seulement de conditions objectives, mais aussi d'une véritable culture des relations entre l'industriel et les acteurs locaux.This article reads as part of a broader reflection on the relocation of industry in the Mediterranean region. The case of the manufacturer of semiconductors ST Microelectronics is instructive. First, the firm's space of reference is above all global, but the original Euromediterranean location has played a role in its spatial organisation, its identity and its strategy. Second, the firm's territorial setting is characterised by the durability of its sites, although relations between sites and the local environment vary from one to the other. The site in Rousset (Provence), despite being near the conurbation of Marseilles, long remained a production site lagging behind in terms of links with industry, research and training. On the contrary, the site of Catano in the middle of Mezzogiorno has long had links with the university and possesses a research and development centre employing 850 people. This paradox underlines the fact that local relations are not merely a reflection of objective conditions but also of a real culture of relations between industry and local partners

Introduction : les firmes, acteurs géopolitiques

Les communications réunies dans ce numéro de la RGE sont issues du colloque « firmes, géopolitique et territoire » organisé les 10 et 11 septembre 2010 à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de l’université de Nancy 2. D’autres communications seront publiées dans le numéro suivant de la Revue Géographique de l’Est, ainsi que dans un numéro de la revue L’Espace Politique. Ce colloque organisé pour la première fois par les commissions de géographie politique et industrie et emploi du CNFG a donné ..

Introduction : firmes et territoires

Les communications réunies dans ce numéro de la RGE sont issues du colloque « firmes, géopolitique et territoire » organisé les 10 et 11 septembre 2010 à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de l’université de Nancy 2. Un ensemble de communications portant sur « les firmes acteurs géopolitiques » ont été publiées dans le numéro 1-2/2010 de la Revue Géographique de l’Est ainsi que dans un numéro de la revue L’Espace Politique. Ce colloque organisé pour la première fois par les commissions de géog..

Introduction : firmes et territoires

Les communications réunies dans ce numéro de la RGE sont issues du colloque « firmes, géopolitique et territoire » organisé les 10 et 11 septembre 2010 à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de l’université de Nancy 2. Un ensemble de communications portant sur « les firmes acteurs géopolitiques » ont été publiées dans le numéro 1-2/2010 de la Revue Géographique de l’Est ainsi que dans un numéro de la revue L’Espace Politique. Ce colloque organisé pour la première fois par les commissions de géog..

Introduction : firmes et territoires

Les communications réunies dans ce numéro de la RGE sont issues du colloque « firmes, géopolitique et territoire » organisé les 10 et 11 septembre 2010 à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de l’université de Nancy 2. Un ensemble de communications portant sur « les firmes acteurs géopolitiques » ont été publiées dans le numéro 1-2/2010 de la Revue Géographique de l’Est ainsi que dans un numéro de la revue L’Espace Politique. Ce colloque organisé pour la première fois par les commissions de géog..

Regulation of ErbB2 Receptor Status by the Proteasomal DUB POH1

Understanding the factors, which control ErbB2 and EGF receptor (EGFR) status in cells is likely to inform future therapeutic approaches directed at these potent oncogenes. ErbB2 is resistant to stimulus-induced degradation and high levels of over-expression can inhibit EGF receptor down-regulation. We now show that for HeLa cells expressing similar numbers of EGFR and ErbB2, EGFR down-regulation is efficient and insensitive to reduction of ErbB2 levels. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) may extend protein half-lives by rescuing ubiquitinated substrates from proteasomal degradation or from ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal sorting. Using a siRNA library directed at the full complement of human DUBs, we identified POH1 (also known as Rpn11 or PSMD14), a component of the proteasome lid, as a critical DUB controlling the apparent ErbB2 levels. Moreover, the effects on ErbB2 levels can be reproduced by administration of proteasomal inhibitors such as epoxomicin used at maximally tolerated doses. However, the extent of this apparent loss and specificity for ErbB2 versus EGFR could not be accounted for by changes in transcription or degradation rate. Further investigation revealed that cell surface ErbB2 levels are only mildly affected by POH1 knock-down and that the apparent loss can at least partially be explained by the accumulation of higher molecular weight ubiquitinated forms of ErbB2 that are detectable with an extracellular but not intracellular domain directed antibody. We propose that POH1 may deubiquitinate ErbB2 and that this activity is not necessarily coupled to proteasomal degradation

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Interview de Nassim KERDJOUDJ (CEO de Netskills Algeria)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4EjcUppPDE&feature=player_embedded Voici une interview de Nassim Kerdjouj (CEO de Netskills Algeria) avec l'IPEMED