2,512 research outputs found
Should health professionals screen women for domestic violence? : systematic review
Objective To assess the evidence for the acceptability
and effectiveness of screening women for domestic
violence in healthcare settings.
Design Systematic review of published quantitative
studies.
Search strategy Three electronic databases (Medline,
Embase, and CINAHL) were searched for articles
published in the English language up to February
2001.
Included studies Surveys that elicited the attitudes of
women and health professionals on the screening of
women in health settings; comparative studies
conducted in healthcare settings that measured rates
of identification of domestic violence in the presence
and absence of screening; studies measuring
outcomes of interventions for women identified in
health settings who experience abuse from a male
partner or expartner compared with abused women
not receiving an intervention.
Results 20 papers met the inclusion criteria. In four
surveys, 4385% of women respondents found
screening in healthcare settings acceptable. Two
surveys of health professionals' views found that two
thirds of physicians and almost half of emergency
department nurses were not in favour of screening. In
nine studies of screening compared with no
screening, most detected a greater proportion of
abused women identified by healthcare professionals.
Six studies of interventions used weak study designs
and gave inconsistent results. Other than increased
referral to outside agencies, little evidence exists for
changes in important outcomes such as decreased
exposure to violence. No studies measured quality of
life, mental health outcomes, or potential harm to
women from screening programmes.
Conclusion Although domestic violence is a common
problem with major health consequences for women,
implementation of screening programmes in
healthcare settings cannot be justified. Evidence of the
benefit of specific interventions and lack of harm from
screening is needed
Harvesting alfalfa with a windrow pick-up baler
Excellent quality hay may be made with the windrow pick-up baler.
A windrow pick-up baler, operated at Iowa State College during the haymaking season of 1933, showed an average capacity of 1.59 tons of alfalfa per hour and a labor requirement of 2.52 man hours per ton. After the operators had developed some skill, the capacity of the machine in baling one crop from a field was increased to 3 tons per hour, and the labor expenditure lowered to 1.35 man hours per ton
Variability of eta Carinae III
Spectra (1951-78) of the central object in eta Car, taken by A.D. Thackeray,
reveal three previously unrecorded epochs of low excitation. Since 1948, at
least, these states have occurred regularly in the 2020 day cycle proposed by
Damineli et al. They last about 10 percent of each cycle. Early slit spectra
(1899-1919) suggest that at that time the object was always in a low state.
JHKL photometry is reported for the period 1994-2000. This shows that the
secular increase in brightness found in 1972-94 has continued and its rate has
increased at the shorter wavelengths. Modulation of the infrared brightness in
a period near 2020 days continues. There is a dip in the JHKL light curves near
1998.0, coincident with a dip in the X-ray light curve. Evidence is given that
this dip in the infrared repeats in the 2020 day cycle. As suggested by
Whitelock & Laney, the dip is best interpreted as an eclipse phenomenon in an
interacting binary system; the object eclipsed being a bright region (`hot
spot'), possibly on a circumstellar disc or produced by interacting stellar
winds. The eclipse coincides in phase and duration with the state of low
excitation. It is presumably caused by a plasma column and/or by one of the
stars in the system.Comment: 10 pages, 7 postscript figures, accepted for MNRA
Social interactions and the demand for sport: an economic analysis
‘The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.com '. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00071.xThis paper explores the decision to participate in sports activities in the UK and the subsequent frequency of participation. The paper draws links between economic and other theories of social interaction to motivate the discussion and links these theories to assessing policy initiatives in the UK. Cluster analysis is combined with a Heckman analysis to examine the empirical evidence provided by the General Household Survey in 2002. The results suggest that social and personal capital are of paramount importance in determining sports participation and consequently it is these features that policy should focus upon.Peer reviewe
Dynamics of the infinitely-thin kink
We consider the dynamics of the domain-wall kink soliton, in particular we
study the zero mode of translation. In the infinitely-thin kink limit, we show
that the zero mode is almost completely frozen out, the only remnant being a
dynamically constrained four-dimensional mode of a single but arbitrary
frequency. In relation to this result, we show that the usual mode expansion
for dealing with zero modes -- implicit collective coordinates -- is not in
fact a completely general expansion, and that one must use instead a
traditional generalised Fourier analysis.Comment: 13 pages; v2: added references, to appear in Phys Lett
Stealth Branes
We discuss the brane world model of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati in which
branes evolve in an infinite bulk and the brane curvature term is added to the
action. If Z_2 symmetry between the two sides of the brane is not imposed, we
show that the model admits the existence of "stealth branes" which follow the
standard 4D internal evolution and have no gravitational effect on the bulk
space. Stealth branes can nucleate spontaneosly in a Minkowski bulk. This
process is described by the standard 4D quantum cosmology formalism with
tunneling boundary conditions for the brane world wave function. The notorious
ambiguity in the choice of boundary conditions is fixed in this case due to the
presence of the embedding spacetime. We also point to some problematic aspects
of models admitting stealth brane solutions.Comment: 24 pages; Final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. The discussion of
"embeddability obstruction" is removed (thanks to Takahiro Tanaka who
convinced us that there is no such obstruction
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