Sulfur and Methionine Supplementation With Urea for Feedlot Cattle

Efficiency of urea utilization may be affected by several factors. Among these are level and source of energy, level and source of protein and amount of urea in the total diet and in the supplement. Other essential nutrients in the diet should be properly balanced. There has been a tendency in recent years to use higher levels of urea than was earlier recommended. Under some conditions, urea has been satisfactory as the only supplemental protein to diets for cattle. However, consideration should be given to likely problems of palatability and potential toxicity as well as to efficiency of urea utilization

Dynamics of cosmic strings and springs; a covariant formulation

A general family of charge-current carrying cosmic string models is investigated. In the special case of circular configurations in arbitrary axially symmetric gravitational and electromagnetic backgrounds the dynamics is determined by simple point particle Hamiltonians. A certain "duality" transformation relates our results to previous ones, obtained by Carter et. al., for an infinitely long open stationary string in an arbitrary stationary background.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, Nordita preprint 93/28

Comparative values of alcohol and gasoline for light and power.

In the spring of 1906 the National .Congress passed an act which became a law January 1, 1907, permitting the withdrawal from bond, tax free, of domestic alcohol, when denatured or rendered unfit for a beverage by the addition of certain materials repugnant to the taste and smell. A portion of this act reads as follows: “Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after January first, nineteen hundred and seven, domestic alcohol of such degree of proof as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, may be withdrawn from bond without the payment of internal revenue tax, for use in the arts and industries, and for fuel, light and power provided said alcohol shall have been mixed in the presence and under the direction of an authorized Government officer, after withdrawal from the distillery warehouse, with methyl alcohol or other denaturing material or materials, or admixture of the same, suitable to the use for which the alcohol is withdrawn, but which destroys its character as a beverage and renders it unfit for liquid medicinal purposes; such denaturing to be done upon the application of any registered distillery in denaturing bonded warehouses specially designated or set apart for denaturating purposes only, and under conditions prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

Modern silo construction

The unusual demand for Bulletin 100, the first edition of which has been exhausted for some time, would indicate that silo construction is of great interest to the farmers of Iowa and adjoining states. There are no important changes in this edition It is possible, however, at this time to give more definite information in regard to the Iowa silo, constructed of vitrified clay blocks or building tile, the design of which was presented for the first time in the first edition of this bulletin. Special attention is invited to this new type of silo, as it has developed further and has been found to possess more merit than at first conceived by the authors. The importance and value of the silo in furnishing succulent food for dairy cows and other farm animals is now being more generally appreciated. Only a trial is necessary to convince stock raisers in the corn belt that silage is an economical feed for the production of beef as well as for the production of milk. Silage when included in the ration for steers makes it more palatable, and in this manner is an active agent in bringing about more rapid gains. Also, in many cases well preserved silage has been found a cheap and successful feed for sheep, swine and horses

Events, processes, and the time of a killing

The paper proposes a novel solution to the problem of the time of a killing (ToK), which persistently besets theories of act-individuation. The solution proposed claims to expose a crucial wrong-headed assumption in the debate, according to which ToK is essentially a problem of locating some event that corresponds to the killing. The alternative proposal put forward here turns on recognizing a separate category of dynamic occurents, viz. processes. The paper does not aim to mount a comprehensive defense of process ontology, relying instead on extant defenses. The primary aim is rather to put process ontology to work in diagnosing the current state of play over ToK, and indeed in solving it

The Iowa silo.

For several years the staff of the Agricultural Engineering Section of the Iowa Experiment Station has been making careful investigations concerning modern silo construction and the success and merits of each type now in use. The results of these investigations were first published in Bulletin 100, which was distributed in July, 1908. The demand for this bulletin was so large, not only from Iowa, but from other states, that a second edition was published in July, 1909. This bulletin treated of all the types of silo construction then in common use

Closed-form expressions for correlated density matrices: application to dispersive interactions and example of (He)2

Empirically correlated density matrices of N-electron systems are investigated. Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the one- and two-electron reduced density matrices from a general pairwise correlated wave function. Approximate expressions are proposed which reflect dispersive interactions between closed-shell centro-symmetric subsystems. Said expressions clearly illustrate the consequences of second-order correlation effects on the reduced density matrices. Application is made to a simple example: the (He)2 system. Reduced density matrices are explicitly calculated, correct to second order in correlation, and compared with approximations of independent electrons and independent electron pairs. The models proposed allow for variational calculations of interaction energies and equilibrium distance as well as a clear interpretation of dispersive effects on electron distributions. Both exchange and second order correlation effects are shown to play a critical role on the quality of the results.Comment: 22 page

Narrowing the window for millicharged particles by CMB anisotropy

We calculate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy spectrum in models with millicharged particles of electric charge q\sim 10^{-6}-10^{-1} in units of electron charge. We find that a large region of the parameter space for the millicharged particles exists where their effect on the CMB spectrum is similar to the effect of baryons. Using WMAP data on the CMB anisotropy and assuming Big Bang nucleosynthesis value for the baryon abundance we find that only a small fraction of cold dark matter, Omega_{mcp}h_0^2 < 0.007 (at 95% CL), may consists of millicharged particles with the parameters (charge and mass) from this region. This bound significantly narrows the allowed range of the parameters of millicharged particles. In models without paraphoton millicharged particles are now excluded as a dark matter candidate. We also speculate that recent observation of 511 keV gamma-rays from the Galactic bulge may be an indication that a (small) fraction of CDM is comprised of the millicharged particles.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; v2: journal version, references adde

State-level Indicators for Social-emotional Development: Building Better Systems

Research repeatedly suggests that experiences and skills acquired early in life have a long lasting effect. Many interventions that promote social-emotional well-being and preventing mental health problems in children and their caregivers are clinically sound and cost effective. Social-emotional well-being is also seen as a crucial determinant of school readiness, while school readiness is critical to educational and health outcomes. Research evaluating appropriate interventions and investigating the importance of school readiness makes a strong case for creating a system to monitor social-emotional development in the effort to improve the well-being of young children. Indicators are a key part of this monitoring system and promote accountability by providing decision-makers and researchers with information they need to understand and meet local and state needs, to assess the provision and quality of interventions, and to address gaps in services to young children and families. The ability to track and assess social-emotional development of young children in a community poses a special challenge to policymakers. For many other areas within early childhood it is possible to understand the status and trends for child well-being at the population level. For instance, data on infant mortality, immunizations, and child welfare at the local, state and national level can be accessed to inform health promotion and prevention efforts. Currently, such multi-level data on social-emotional development for young children is not easily available. The challenge to quantify social-emotional wellness at a population level stems in part from the lack of universally accepted indicators and infrastructure for collecting information in this domain of child development. This report addresses the process of creating a system of indicators for social-emotional wellness, examines recent state experiences in this area, and describes a framework for moving forward in the development of social-emotional indicators for state policymakers