Assessing farmland in Illinois. 1224

Cover title."December, 1983."--p. [3] of cover.Prepared by D.L. Chicoine and J.T. Scott.Includes bibliographical references and index

The effect of exposure to synthetic pheromone lures on male Zygaena filipendulae mating behaviour: implications for monitoring species of conservation interest

Pheromone based monitoring of insects of conservation value has the potential to revolutionise the way in which surveys are carried out. However, due to their effective use in pest management, concerns have been raised about potential negative effects of pheromone exposure on populations of rare insects. The effect of exposure to synthetic pheromone lures on male mating behaviour was examined in laboratory and field conditions using the six spot burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758). For the laboratory experiment larvae were collected and cultured separately under controlled conditions. Virgin males were exposed to a synthetic pheromone lure for 24 h; then tested for responsiveness immediately after this exposure, 1 and 24 h later. Control males were tested three times: initially, 1 h later and 24 h later. The time taken for males to detect females, shown by exposure of their anal claspers, and the time taken for males to locate females were recorded. No significant difference was found between the time taken for control and exposed males to detect or locate females, and no significant difference between the proportions of males that successfully located females in exposed and control groups was found. In the field experiment the time males spent in the presence of contained females, both with and without a pheromone lure present, was recorded. Males spent more time in the presence of the females when the pheromone lure was present. Both experiments indicate male Z. filipendulae mating behaviour is not adversely affected by exposure to synthetic pheromone lures

Evidence-Based Guidelines for Fatigue Risk Management in Emergency Medical Services

<p><b>Background</b>: Administrators of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) operations lack guidance on how to mitigate workplace fatigue, which affects greater than half of all EMS personnel. The primary objective of the Fatigue in EMS Project was to create an evidence-based guideline for fatigue risk management tailored to EMS operations. <b>Methods</b>: Systematic searches were conducted from 1980 to September 2016 and guided by seven research questions framed in the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) framework. Teams of investigators applied inclusion criteria, which included limiting the retained literature to EMS personnel or similar shift worker groups. The expert panel reviewed summaries of the evidence based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The panel evaluated the quality of evidence for each PICO question separately, considered the balance between benefits and harms, considered the values and preferences of the targeted population, and evaluated the resource requirements/needs. The GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) Framework was used to prepare draft recommendations based on the evidence, and the Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to quantify the panel's agreement on the relevance and clarity of each recommendation. CVI scores for relevance and clarity were measured separately on a 1–4 scale to indicate consensus/agreement among panel members and conclusion of recommendation development. <b>Results</b>: The EtD framework was applied to all 7 PICO questions, and the panel created 5 recommendations. PICO1: The panel recommends using fatigue/sleepiness survey instruments to measure and monitor fatigue in EMS personnel. PICO2: The panel recommends that EMS personnel work shifts shorter than 24 hours in duration. PICO3: The panel recommends that EMS personnel have access to caffeine as a fatigue countermeasure. PICO4: The panel recommends that, EMS personnel have the opportunity to nap while on duty to mitigate fatigue. PICO5: The panel recommends that EMS personnel receive education and training to mitigate fatigue and fatigue-related risks. The panel referenced insufficient evidence as the reason for making no recommendation linked to 2 PICO questions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Based on a review of the evidence, the panel developed a guideline with 5 recommendations for fatigue risk management in EMS operations.</p

Hippocampal Subfields Group progress update: Consensus protocol to segment subfields within the hippocampal body on high-resolution in vivo MRI

Hippocampal subfields are differentially sensitive in development, aging, and neurodegenerative disease. High-resolution imaging techniques have accelerated clinical research of hippocampal subfields; however, substantial differences in protocols impede comparisons in the literature across laboratories. The Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG) is an international organization seeking to address this issue by developing a histologically-valid, reliable, and freely available segmentation protocol for high-resolution T2-weighted 3T MRI (http://www.hippocampalsubfields.com). This progress update presents the consensus draft protocol for segmenting subfields within the hippocampal body. The segmentation protocol is based on a novel histological reference data set labeled by multiple expert neuroanatomists. Two naïve raters demonstrated feasibility on an MRI dataset including brains from children and adults, and all subfield volume measurements had good reliability. Twenty-six labs with reported 4 years or more experience segmenting hippocampal subfields in healthy lifespan and patient populations participated in an online survey, which included detailed protocol information, feasibility testing, demonstration videos, example segmentations, and labeled histology. Due to the complexity of the internal anatomy, two approaches for segmenting the boundary between cornu ammonis (CA) 3 and dentate gyrus subfields were presented, and the majority approved a geometric heuristic-based protocol over one that referenced the endfolial pathway anatomy: 58% geometric, 23% endfolial, and with 19% expressing no opinion. Labs rated each internal boundary definition for clarity and agreement with the protocol on a scale 1 (low) to 9 (high). All definitions were rated with high clarity (M = 8.42 – 8.65) and reached consensus agreement (binomial ps < 0.01). The geometric heuristic protocol includes labels for the internal boundaries between subiculum, each CA field, and dentate gyrus, which when combined with the external boundaries that previously reached consensus, labels subfield volumes throughout the hippocampal body. We are now conducting a formal reliability test of the hippocampal body protocol with a group of expert and novice raters who are naïve to the protocol. With confirmation of reliability, we will disseminate the validated harmonized segmentation protocol and resources for automated segmentation. The harmonized protocol will significantly facilitate cross-study comparisons and provide increased insight into the structure and function of hippocampal subfields across the lifespan and in disease