Polarization-Correlated Photon Pairs from a Single Quantum Dot

Polarization correlation in a linear basis, but not entanglement, is observed between the biexciton and single-exciton photons emitted by a single InAs quantum dot in a two-photon cascade. The results are well described quantitatively by a probabilistic model that includes two decay paths for a biexciton through a non-degenerate pair of one-exciton states, with the polarization of the emitted photons depending on the decay path. The results show that spin non-degeneracy due to quantum-dot asymmetry is a significant obstacle to the realization of an entangled-photon generation device.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, revised discussio

Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

peer reviewedMany copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions. © 2021, The Author(s)

Mapping more of terrestrial biodiversity for global conservation assessment

Global conservation assessments require information on the distribution of biodiversity across the planet. Yet this information is often mapped at a very coarse spatial resolution relative to the scale of most land-use and management decisions. Furthermore, such mapping tends to focus selectively on better-known elements of biodiversity (e.g. vertebrates). We introduce a new approach to describing and mapping the global distribution of terrestrial biodiversity that may help to alleviate these problems. This approach focuses on estimating spatial pattern in emergent properties of biodiversity (richness and compositional turnover) rather than distributions of individual species, making it well suited to lesser-known, yet highly diverse, biological groups. We have developed a global biodiversity model linking these properties to mapped ecoregions and fine-scale environmental surfaces. The model is being calibrated progressively using extensive biological data sets for a wide variety of taxa. We also describe an analytical approach to applying our model in global conservation assessments, illustrated with a preliminary analysis of the representativeness of the world's protected-area system. Our approach is intended to complement, not compete with, assessments based on individual species of particular conservation concern.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A pilot study for the SCUBA-2 'All-Sky' survey

The definitive version can be found at : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Copyright Royal Astronomical SocietyWe have carried out a pilot study for the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) 'All-Sky' Survey (SASSy), a wide and shallow mapping project at 850 mu m, designed to find rare objects, both Galactic and extragalactic. Two distinct sets of exploratory observations were undertaken and used to test the SASSy approach and data-reduction pipeline. The first was a 0 degrees.5 x 0 degrees.5 map around the nearby galaxy NGC 2559. The galaxy was easily detected at 156 mJy, but no other convincing sources are present in the map. Comparison with other galaxies with similar wavelength coverage indicates that NGC 2559 has relatively warm dust. The second observations cover 1 deg(2) around the W5-E H II region. As well as diffuse structure in the map, a filtering approach was able to extract 27 compact sources with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 6. By matching with data at other wavelengths we can see that the SCUBA-2 data can be used to discriminate the colder cores. Together these observations show that the SASSy project will be able to meet its original goals of detecting new bright sources which will be ideal for follow-up observations with other facilities.Peer reviewe

Reviews of Books

BARRY CUNLIFFE. Europe between the Oceans: Themes and Variations: gooo BCAD 1000. New Haven, C T and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. ix, 518. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin W. Lewis AYSE DEVRIM ATAUZ. Eight Thousand Years of Maltese Maritime History: Trade, Piracy, and Naval Warfare in the Central Mediterranean. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2008. Pp. xiv, 379.$69.95 (US). Reviewed by Victor Mallia-Milanes IAN WORTHINGTON. Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 303. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Craige B. Champion FEDERICO SANTANGELO. Sulla, the Elites, and the Empire: A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Pp. xix, 230. €99.00. Reviewed by Arthur M. Eckstein ROSAMOND MCKITTERICK. Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. xviii, 460.$29.99 (US), paper.Reviewed by David S. Bachrach STEVE FLANDERS. De Courcy: Anglo-Normans in Ireland, England, and France in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 205. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Hugh M. Thomas JONATHAN RILEY-SMITH. The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2008. Pp. 125.$24.50 (US). Reviewed by John France NORMAN HOUSLEY. Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiv, 357. $38.00 (US).Reviewed by Christopher Tyerman BERNARD BARBICHE in collaboration with Ségolène de Dainville-Barbiche. Bulla, Legatus, Nuntius: Études de diplomatique et de diplomatic pontificales (Xllle-XVIIe siècle). Paris: École des Chartes, 2007; dist. Geneva: Librairie Droz. Pp. 575.€55.00, paper. Reviewed by Barbara Bombi INA BAGHDIANTZ MCCABE. Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien Régime. Oxford and New York, NY: Berg, 2008. Pp. vi, 409.$119.95 (US). Reviewed by Lynn Hunt JOHN A. LYNN. Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. xii, 239. $24.99 (u s), paper. Reviewed by Peter H. Wilson ULBE BOSMA and REMCO RABEN. Being 'Dutch' in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500-1920, trans. Wendie Shaffer. Athens, OH: Ohio University Research in International Studies, 2008. Pp. xx, 439.$28.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Heather Sutherland DAVID ELTIS and DAVID RICHARDSON, eds. Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the Mew Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xiii,377. $90.00 (US).Reviewed by Stephen D. Behrendt LOTHAR HÖBELT. Ferdinand III: Friedenskaiser wider Willen. Graz: Ares Verlag, 2008. Pp. 488. €29.90. Reviewed by Howard Louthan STEVE CLARK and PAUL SMETHURST, eds. Asian Crossings: Travel Writing on China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008; dist. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Pp. xi, 276.$37.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Eric Tagliacozzo TOBY BARNARD. Improving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets, and Profiteers, 1641-1786. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. 192. $75.00 (US).Reviewed by Padraig Lenihan LEONARD BLUSSE. Visible Cities: Canton, Nagasaki, and Batavia and the Coming of the Americans. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 133.$25.95 (US). Reviewed by Peter D. Reeves DAVID SORKIN. The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews, and Catholics from London to Vienna. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008. Pp. xv, 339. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Munck HERVÉ HASQUIN. Joseph II: Catholique anticlérical et réformateur impatient, 1741-1790. Brussels: Éditions Racine, 2007. Pp. 328. €29.95, paper.Reviewed by Matthew Z. Mayer ANDREW LEES and LYNN HOLLEN LEES. Cities and the Making of Modern Europe, 1750-1914. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xii, 300.$29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Richard Dennis MAURICE J. BRIC. Ireland, Philadelphia, and the Re-Invention of America, 1760- 1800. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. xix, 363. $65.00 (US); JOHN CHILDS. The Williamite Wars in Ireland, 1688-91. London and New York, NY: Hambledon Continuum, 2007. Pp. xxii, 440.$49.95 (US).Reviewed by Thomas Bartlett MATT SCHUMANN and KARL SCHWEIZER. The Seven Years War: A Transatlantic History.London and New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Pp. x, 300. $140.00 (US). Reviewed by Stephen Conway WALTER L. HIXSON. The Myth of American Diplomacy: National Identity and US Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2008. Pp. xi, 377.$35.00 (US). Reviewed by Mark Atwood Lawrence PATRICIA H. MARKS. Deconstructing Legitimacy: Viceroys, Merchants, and the Military in Late Colonial Peru. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Pp. x, 403. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Natalia Sobrevilla Perea MARIANNE P. STOPP, ed. The Mew Labrador Papers of Captain George Cartwright. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008. Pp. xii, 256.$39.95 (CDN). Reviewed by James K. Hiller THIERRY LENTZ. Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire: III: La France et l'Europe de Napoléon, 1804-1814. Paris: Editions Fayard, 2007. Pp. 835. €30.00, paper. Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer MATTHEW P. FITZPATRICK. Liberal Imperialism in Germany: Expansionism and Nationalism, 1848-1884. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. 237. $99.95 (US). Reviewed by Jonathan Sperber CHRISTIAN HOYER. Salisbury und Deutschland: Aufienpolitisches Denken und britische Deutschlandpolitik zwischen 1856 und 1880. Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 2008. Pp. 507. €69.00. Reviewed by Ann Potttnger Saab ANDREW SMITH. British Businessmen and Canadian Confederation: Constitution Making in an Era of Anglo-Globalization. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008. Pp. viii, 229.$80.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Douglas Mccalla DUNCAN ANDREW CAMPBELL. Unlikely Allies: Britain, America, and the Victorian Origins of a Special Relationship. London and New York, NY: Continuum, 2008. Pp. viii, 307. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Francis M. Carroll MARILYN LAKE and HENRY REYNOLDS. Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men's Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. x, 371.$94.95 (US). Reviewed by Antoinette Burton CHRISTOPHER KOBRAK. Banking on Global Markets: Deutsche Bank and the United States, 1870 to the Present. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xx, 484. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by William Glenn Gray CECILIA MORGAN. 'A Happy Holiday': English Canadians and Transatlantic Tourism, 1870-1930. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 2008. Pp. xxiii, 461.$37.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Katie Pickles BILL RAWLING. La mart pour ennemi: La médecine militaire canadienne, 2nd ed., trans. Pierre R. Desrosiers. Outremont, QC: Athéna éditions, 2007; dist. Boisbriand, QC: Prologue. Pp. 373. $34.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Genevieve Allard SONYA GRYPMA. Healing Henan: Canadian Nurses at the North China Mission, l888-1947. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2008. Pp. xviii, 292.$32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by A. Hamish Ion OLIVER STEIN. Die deutscke Heeresriistungspolitik, 1890-1914: Das Militär und der Primat der Politik. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2007. Pp. 444. €58.00; PETER BAUMGART, BERNHARD R. KROENER, and HEINZ STUBIG, eds. Die Preussische Armee: Zwischen Ancien Régime und Reichsgriindung. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schoningh, 2008. Pp. xiii, 283. €39.90. Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig IRWIN HALFOND. Maurice Paléologue: The Diplomat, the Writer, the Man, and the Third French Republic. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007. Pp. xiii, 189. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Ronald P. Bobroff PATRICK H. HASE. The Six-Day War ofiSgg: Hong Kong in the Age of Imperialism. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008; dist. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Pp. xii, 276.$49.50 (US).Reviewed by Priscilla Roberts JEROME AAN DE WIEL. The Irish Factor, 1899-1999: Ireland's Strategic and Diplomatic Importance for Foreign Powers. Dublin and Portland, OR: Irish Academic Press, 2008. Pp. xx, 428. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by David Harkness NICOLAS WOLZ. Das lange Warten: Kriegserfahrungen deutscher und britischer Seeojfziere, 1914 bis 1918. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2008. Pp. 519. €39.90. Reviewed by Jan Rüger PAUL O'SHEA. A Cross Too Heavy: Eugenio Pacelli: Politics and the Jews of Europe, 1917-1943. Kenthurst, NSW: Rosenberg Publishing, 2008; dist. Portland, OR: ISBS. Pp. 392.$35.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Frank J. Coppa S. A. SMITH. Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. viii, 249. $29.99 (USX paper. Reviewed by Stephen R. Mackinnon DANIELA ROSSINI. Woodrow Wilson and the American Myth in Italy: Culture, Diplomacy, and War Propaganda, trans. Antony Shugaar. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. x, 263.$49.95 (US). Reviewed by R. J. B. Bosworth SEAN GREENWOOD. Titan at the Foreign Office: Gladwyn Jebb and the Shaping of the Modern World. Leiden and Boston MA: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008. Pp. xxx, 440. €129.00. Reviewed by John W. Young ROLF STEININGER. Austria, Germany, and the Cold War: From the Anschluss to the State Treaty, 1938-1955. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2008. Pp. x, 172. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Lothar Hobelt KURT F.JENSEN. Cautious Beginnings: Canadian Foreign Intelligence, 1939-51. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2008. Pp. 230.$32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by John Ferris MICHAEL KENNEDY. Guarding Neutral Ireland: The Coast Watching Service and Military Intelligence, 1939-1945. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2008. Pp. x, 358. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Keith Jeffery RICHARD WIGG. Churchill and