1,843 research outputs found
A Fast Chi-squared Technique For Period Search of Irregularly Sampled Data
A new, computationally- and statistically-efficient algorithm, the Fast
algorithm, can find a periodic signal with harmonic content in
irregularly-sampled data with non-uniform errors. The algorithm calculates the
minimized as a function of frequency at the desired number of
harmonics, using Fast Fourier Transforms to provide performance.
The code for a reference implementation is provided.Comment: Source code for the reference implementation is available at
http://public.lanl.gov/palmer/fastchi.html . Accepted by ApJ. 24 pages, 4
figure
The Career of Moses Shapira, Bookseller and Antiquarian
publishedVersio
Phase Behavior of Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Complexes at Planar Surfaces
We investigate theoretically the phase diagram of an insoluble charged
surfactant monolayer in contact with a semi-dilute polyelectrolyte solution (of
opposite charge). The polyelectrolytes are assumed to have long-range and
attractive (electrostatic) interaction with the surfactant molecules. In
addition, we introduce a short-range (chemical) interaction which is either
attractive or repulsive. The surfactant monolayer can have a lateral phase
separation between dilute and condensed phases. Three different regimes of the
coupled system are investigated depending on system parameters. A regime where
the polyelectrolyte is depleted due to short range repulsion from the surface,
and two adsorption regimes, one being dominated by electrostatics, whereas the
other by short range chemical attraction (similar to neutral polymers). When
the polyelectrolyte is more attracted (or at least less repelled) by the
surfactant molecules as compared with the bare water/air interface, it will
shift upwards the surfactant critical temperature. For repulsive short-range
interactions the effect is opposite. Finally, the addition of salt to the
solution is found to increase the critical temperature for attractive surfaces,
but does not show any significant effect for repulsive surfaces.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
Propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in the atmosphere
Homogeneous wave guide theory is used to derive dispersion curves, vertical pressure distributions, and synthetic barograms for atmospheric waves. A complicated mode structure is found involving both gravity and acoustic waves. Various models of the atmosphere are studied to explore seasonal and geographic effects on pulse propagation. The influence of different zones in the atmosphere on the character of the barograms is studied. It is found that the first arriving waves are controlled by the properties of the lower atmospheric channel. Comparison of theoretical results and experimental data from large thermonuclear explosions is made in the time and frequency domains, and the following conclusions are reached: (1) The major features on barograms are due to dispersion; (2) superposition of several modes is needed to explain observed features; (3) scatter of data outside the range permitted by extreme atmospheric models shows the influence of winds for A1; wind effects and higher modes are less important for A_2 waves. A discussion is included on atmospheric terminations and how these affect dispersion curves
Characterizing Quantum-Dot Blinking Using Noise Power Spectra
Fluctuations in the fluorescence from macroscopic ensembles of colloidal
semiconductor quantum dots have the spectral form of 1/f noise. The measured
power spectral density reflects the fluorescence intermittency of individual
dots with power-law distributions of "on" and "off" times, and can thus serve
as a simple method for characterizing such blinking behavior
The Krakatoa Air-Sea Waves: an Example of Pulse Propagation in Coupled Systems
The theory of pulse propagation in an atmosphere coupled to an ocean is applied to the air-sea waves excited by the explosion of the volcano Krakatoa. Numerical results for a realistic atmosphere-ocean system show that the principal air pulse corresponds to the fundamental gravity mode GR_0. A small sea wave is associated with the mode GW_0 with phase velocities close to the â(gh) velocity of the ocean. Free waves with this velocity exist in the atmosphere and transfer energy to the ocean in an efficient manner. These air waves âjumpâ over land barriers and re-excite the sea waves. An explosion of 100â150 megatons is required to produce the equivalent of the Krakatoa pressure disturbance
Numerical simulations of generic singuarities
Numerical simulations of the approach to the singularity in vacuum spacetimes
are presented here. The spacetimes examined have no symmetries and can be
regarded as representing the general behavior of singularities. It is found
that the singularity is spacelike and that as it is approached, the spacetime
dynamics becomes local and oscillatory.Comment: typos correcte
Lower Bounds on Mutual Information
We correct claims about lower bounds on mutual information (MI) between
real-valued random variables made in A. Kraskov {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf
69}, 066138 (2004). We show that non-trivial lower bounds on MI in terms of
linear correlations depend on the marginal (single variable) distributions.
This is so in spite of the invariance of MI under reparametrizations, because
linear correlations are not invariant under them. The simplest bounds are
obtained for Gaussians, but the most interesting ones for practical purposes
are obtained for uniform marginal distributions. The latter can be enforced in
general by using the ranks of the individual variables instead of their actual
values, in which case one obtains bounds on MI in terms of Spearman correlation
coefficients. We show with gene expression data that these bounds are in
general non-trivial, and the degree of their (non-)saturation yields valuable
insight.Comment: 4 page
Non-modal approach to linear theory: marginal stability and the dissipation of turbulent fluctuations
The non-modal approach for a linearized system differs from a normal mode
analysis by following the temporal evolution of some perturbed equilibria, and
therefore includes transient effects. We employ a non-modal approach for
studying the stability of a bi-Maxwellian magnetized plasma using the Landau
fluid model, which we briefly describe. We show that bi-Maxwellian stable
equilibria can support transient growth of some physical quantities, and we
study how these transients behave when an equilibrium approaches its marginally
stable condition. This is relevant to anisotropic plasma, that are often
observed in the solar wind with a temperature anisotropy close to values that
can trigger a kinetic instability. The results obtained with a non-modal
approach are relevant to a re-examination of the concept of linear marginal
stability. Moreover, we discuss the topic of the dissipation of turbulent
fluctuations, suggesting that the non-modal approach should be included in
future studies.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
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