Comparative study of the effective single mode operational bandwidth in sub-wavelength optical wires and conventional single-mode fibers

We present the first experimental comparison of effective single mode operation bandwidth in sub-wavelength optical wires (SOWs) and conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs). The full transmission spectrum, half-turn bend loss and mode field diameter were measured and compared for a variety of SMFs of different cut-off wavelength and a SOW. The SOW was shown to offer an enormously broadband single-mode operation bandwidth with a larger mode field area than the SMFs. Applications of SOWs include fiber lasers, sensors, photolithography and optical coherence tomography amongst other

Optical properties of a low-loss polarization maintaining microfiber

A polarization preserving single-mode microfiber was successfully fabricated by a flame brushing method. A polarization extinction ratio of 16dB is typically maintained through the device with excess loss of 0.2dB

Reduced Fine-Tuning in Supersymmetry with R-parity violation

Both electroweak precision measurements and simple supersymmetric extensions of the standard model prefer a mass of the Higgs boson less than the experimental lower limit of 114 GeV. We show that supersymmetric models with R parity violation and baryon number violation have a significant range of parameter space in which the Higgs dominantly decays to six jets. These decays are much more weakly constrained by current LEP analyses and would allow for a Higgs mass near that of the $Z$. In general, lighter scalar quark and other superpartner masses are allowed and the fine-tuning typically required to generate the measured scale of electroweak symmetry breaking is ameliorated. The Higgs would potentially be discovered at hadron colliders via the appearance of new displaced vertices. The lightest neutralino could be discovered by a scan of vertex-less events LEP I data.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Significant detail added to the arguments regarding LEP limits - made more quantitative. Better figures used, plotting more physical quantities. Typos corrected and references updated. Conclusions unchange

Dynamical Exchanges in Facilitated Models of Supercooled liquids

We investigate statistics of dynamical exchange events in coarse--grained models of supercooled liquids in spatial dimensions $d=1$, 2, and 3. The models, based upon the concept of dynamical facilitation, capture generic features of statistics of exchange times and persistence times. Here, distributions for both times are related, and calculated for cases of strong and fragile glass formers over a range of temperatures. Exchange time distributions are shown to be particularly sensitive to the model parameters and dimensions, and exhibit more structured and richer behavior than persistence time distributions. Mean exchange times are shown to be Arrhenius, regardless of models and spatial dimensions. Specifically, $\sim c^{-2}$, with $c$ being the excitation concentration. Different dynamical exchange processes are identified and characterized from the underlying trajectories. We discuss experimental possibilities to test some of our theoretical findings.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, minor corrections made, paper published in Journal of Chemical Physic

Life after Foley: The Future of Wrongful Discharge Litigation

Until recently, wrongful discharge suits could be based on at least three theories: retaliatory discharge in violation of an important public policy, bad faith discharge, and breach of contract for firing without good cause. Based on the first two theories a plaintiff could, and in a few well-publicized cases did, get substantial tort damages. The California Supreme Court\u27s decision in Foley v. Interactive Data Corporation may have changed all of that by eliminating tort damages for wrongful discharge except in situations when an employee is discharged in violation of an important public policy. At the same time, the court may have made it easier for a plaintiff to prove an implied promise not to fire without good cause. This Article considers the possible effects of Foley on wrongful discharge cases. Will the decision stem the flow of wrongful discharge filings? How much of a difference, in dollars, will result from switching from tort to contract? The Article attempts to answer these questions and concludes by suggesting ways in which employee\u27s lawyers may offset Foley\u27s effects by finding independent torts based on employer wrong-doing to support claims of emotional distress and punitive damages

Remedies: Public & Private, 4th ed

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