Geographical range and spatial structure of genetic lineages in Sophora linearifolia (Fabaceae), an endemic shrub of Central Argentina

Las sierras de Córdoba y San Luis albergan una gran riqueza de especies endémicas. Un grupo importante de ellas muestra una distribución disyunta entre ambas serranías. Hasta la actualidad no existían estudios genéticos que permitieran inferir procesos históricos asociados a este patrón. Con este propósito caracterizamos el área de distribución y el patrón filogeográfico de Sophora linearifolia, abarcando todo su rango geográfico que incluye las Sierras Chicas (SC) y las Cumbres de Gaspar (CG) en Córdoba y el suroeste de las Sierras de San Luis (SL). Contrastamos la distribución actual con la distribución predicha a partir del modelado del nicho ecológico. Analizamos el nivel de variabilidad genética, la estructuración espacial del marcador de ADN plastidial trnH-psbA y reconstruimos las relaciones genealógicas entre los haplotipos. La distribución actual y la predicha mostraron una disyunción entre Córdoba y San Luis, pero la distribución actual presentó una disyunción entre SC y CG que no fue modelada en la distribución potencial. Se obtuvieron 8 haplotipos de distribución restringida con bajos niveles de diferenciación genética agrupados en 4 filogrupos: SC, CG y dos en SL. Nuestros resultados indican que S. linearifolia presentaría baja capacidad de dispersión y que se habría diversificado recientemente, sugiriendo que se trataría de un neoendemismo.A large number of endemic species occur in the Sierras of Córdoba and San Luis. A significant group of them shows a disjunct geographic distribution between these two mountain regions. Until the present study, there were none genetic studies that allow us to infer historical processes underlying this geographical pattern. For this purpose, we characterize the distribution area and phylogeographic patterns of Sophora linearifolia, across its geographic range which includes Sierras Chicas (SC) and Cumbres de Gaspar (CG) in Córdoba and in the southwestern area of Sierras of San Luis (SL). We compared the current with the predicted species area of distribution using ecological niche modelling analysis. We also analyzed genetic variability and spatial structure of the DNA chloroplast marker trnH-psbA, and reconstructed the genealogical relationships among the retrieved haplotypes. Current and the predicted distribution agreed in showing a climatic/topographic disjunction between Sierras of Cordoba and San Luis hills, although the current distribution presents a disjunction between SC and CG in Córdoba, not shown in the potential distribution map. We obtained eight haplotypes with restricted distribution and low levels of genetic differentiation that were grouped into four phylogroups: SC, CG and two in SL. Our results indicate that S. linearifolia presents low dispersal ability and it would have recently diversified, suggesting a neoendemic taxon.Fil: Alercia, David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giorgis, Melisa Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Cosacov Martinez, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Geotypen : ein neues Konzept zur Optimierung geologischer Informationen für die Raumplanung

When we have to valorise the geological information for land planning or engineering applications, it is difficult to integrate the large complexity of the maps of the Swiss Geological Atlas at the scale of 1:25'000. The heterogeneity of the legends between neighbouring maps is often another difficulty. That is the reason why we proposed the notion of «geo type», a concept that describes in a simplified and homogeneous manner the principal geological formations at the scale of a canton. The experience in the Canton de Vaud demonstrates that the use of geotypes allows a translation of the geological information of maps and boreholes in terms of properties that are useful for applied geology. Each geotype is characterized by a table of properties like, for example, an order of magnitude of thermal conductivity, permeability, grain size distribution, plasticity etc. This characterization proved its robustness in different domains like seismic microzoning, groundwater resources, geothermy and slope stability. A recent application is the DEEP CITY project which characterizes the underground resources below the cities where 3D models in geotypes are established. The numerical modelling operations are easier to be performed. The geo types do not replace the academic geological information, which remains the base, particularly the geological maps of the Swiss Atlas

Best-Fit Ellipsoids of Atom-Probe Tomographic Data to Study Coalescence of Gamma Prime (L1_2) Precipitates in Ni-Al-Cr

An algorithm is presented to fit precipitates in atom probe tomographic data sets as equivalent ellipsoids. Unlike previous techniques, which measure only the radius of gyration, these ellipsoids retain the moments of inertia and principle axes of the original precipitate, preserving crystallographic orientational information. The algorithm is applied to study interconnected gamma prime precipitates (L1_2) in the Gamma-matrix (FCC) of a Ni-Al-Cr alloy. The precipitates are found to coagulate along -type directions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Scripta Materialia, added information about local magnification effect

PII S0016-7037(02)00844-X Low ␦ 18 O zircons, U-Pb dating, and the age of the Qinglongshan oxygen and hydrogen isotope anomaly near Donghai in Jiangsu Province, China

Abstract-Zircons 18 O values were imprinted on the rocks by a hydrothermal system charged with meteoric water from a cold climate. Groundwater circulation was driven by heat from cooling granitic magma. The geologic age of the hydrothermal system correlates with that of the Nantuo tillite in the Sinian strata of the South China block, suggesting that Qinglongshan's cold climate may be a manifestation of Neoproterozoic "snowball Earth.&quot

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Quantification of sound exposure from wind turbines in France

The WHO guidelines on environmental noise highlight that evidence on the health effects of wind turbine sound levels is either non-existent or of poor quality. In this context, a feasibility study was conducted in France in 2017. The objective was to suggest a methodology for calculating wind turbine sound levels in order to quantify the number of windfarms’ residents exposed to this sound. Based on a literature review, the Harmonoise model was selected for sound exposure calculation. It was validated by quantifying its uncertainties, and finally used to estimate the population exposed to wind turbine sound in metropolitan France. Compared to other environmental noise sources (e.g., transportation), sound exposure is very moderate, with more than 80% of the exposed people exposed to sound levels below 40 dBA. The total number of people exposed to more than 30 dBA is about 686,000 and 722,000 people for typical daytime and night-time meteorological conditions respectively, i.e., about 1% of the French population in 2017. These results represent the first ever assessment of sound exposure from wind turbines at the scale of the entire metropolitan France.The WHO guidelines on environmental noise highlight that evidence on the health effects of wind turbine sound levels is either non-existent or of poor quality. In this context, a feasibility study was conducted in France in 2017. The objective was to suggest a methodology for calculating wind turbine sound levels in order to quantify the number of windfarms' residents exposed to this sound. Based on a literature review, the Harmonoise model was selected for sound exposure calculation. It was validated by quantifying its uncertainties, and finally used to estimate the population exposed to wind turbine sound in metropolitan France. Compared to other environmental noise sources (e.g., transportation), sound exposure is very moderate, with more than 80% of the exposed people exposed to sound levels below 40 dBA. The total number of people exposed to more than 30 dBA is about 686,000 and 722,000 people for typical daytime and night-time meteorological conditions respectively, i.e., about 1% of the French population in 2017. These results represent the first ever assessment of sound exposure from wind turbines at the scale of the entire metropolitan France

Quantification of noise exposure from wind turbines in France

International audienceThe WHO guidelines on environmental noise highlight that evidence on the health effects of wind turbine noise is either non-existent or of poor quality. In this context, a feasibility study was conducted in France. The objective was to suggest a methodology for calculating wind turbine noise in order to quantify the number of windfarms' residents exposed to different levels of this noise. Based on a literature review, the Harmonoise model was selected for noise exposure calculation. The contribution of a wind farm varies from 35 dB(A) to 45 dB(A) for distances from 500m to 1500m, depending on weather conditions. Compared to other environmental noise sources (e.g. transportation), the noise exposure is very moderate and the total number of exposed people is very low: about 262,000 people during the day and 363,000 people at night, i.e. about 0.4% and 0.5% of the French population in 2017. Nearly 85% of the exposed population is exposed to levels below 40 dB(A). These results are the first ever assessment of noise exposure from wind turbines on the scale of the entire metropolitan French territory

RIBEolh : Recherche des impacts du bruit éolien sur l'humain : son, perception, santé

Séminaire du projet fédérateur "Infrastructures et Transition Energétique" , Marne-la-Vallée, FRANCE, 26-/11/2019 - 26/11/2019L'énergie éolienne est en pleine expansion en France et ailleurs dans le monde mais la population s'interroge sur les impacts sanitaires du bruit émis par les éoliennes et certains se plaignent d'une gêne importante. L'objectif de RIBEolh est d'évaluer les effets sur la santé (effets sur le système cochléo-vestibulaire, perturbations du sommeil, stress, pathologies cardiovasculaires, troubles psychologiques, perception et gêne) du bruit audible ainsi que des infrasons (IF) et des sons de basse fréquence (SBF) produits par les éoliennes. Il propose une double approche complémentaire avec la mise en place d'une étude épidémiologique destinée à quantifier les effets sur la santé du bruit des éoliennes, et d'une étude menée en laboratoire avec des mesures psychoacoustiques et physiologiques dans un environnement maîtrisé à l'aide de signaux mesurés et synthétisés par un modèle physique, pour comprendre les mécanismes auditifs associés à la gêne due aux IF et aux SBF émis par les éoliennes