First-Round Impacts of the 2008 Chilean Pension System Reform

Chile’s innovative privatized pension system has been lauded as possible model for Social Security system overhauls in other countries, yet it has also been critiqued for not including a strong safety net for the uncovered sector. In response, the Bachelet government in 2008 implemented reforms to rectify this shortcoming. Here we offer the first systematic effort to directly evaluate the reform’s impacts, focusing on the new Basic Solidarity Pension for poor households with at least one person age 65+. Using the Social Protection Survey, we show that targeted poor households received about 2.4 percent more household annual income, with little evidence of crowding-out of private transfers. We also suggest that recipient household welfare probably increased due to slightly higher expenditures on basic consumption including healthcare, more leisure hours, and improved self-reported health. While measured short-run effects are small, follow-ups will be essential to gauge longer-run outcomes.

The valuation of nature in environmental conflicts

El documento busca realizar una crítica al pensamiento económico de los conflictos ambientales y aportar en análisis complejos sobre la realidad de los conflictos, en el proceso social de producción de la vida. Se centra, en comprender los procesos de apropiación de la naturaleza en la conflictualidad territorial que se configura en la construcción diversa del territorio dentro del sistema capitalista. Se pregunta ante la conflictualidad instaurada, sobre la valorización económica de la naturaleza y sobre los fundamentos del sistema de producción, cuestionando los procesos sobre los cuales la naturaleza y los componentes de los ecosistemas se vuelven monopolizables y enajenables, y por lo tanto mercancías y fuentes de renta. Lo anterior se realiza a la luz de la discusión de la teoría marxiana, contraponiéndola a los supuestos de la economía ecológica o bioeconomía de Georgescu-Roegen; estableciendo un dialogo con los cambios actuales en el proceso productivo gestados por el avance de la tecnología, la ciencia y la generación de patentes, desde donde se rehace la naturaleza y la ciencia a imagen del capital.The document sought to carry out a critique of the economic thought of the environmental conflicts and contribute to complex analysis on the reality of conflicts, in the social process of production of life. It focuses on understanding the processes of appropriation of nature in the territorial confliction that is configured on the construction different from the territory within the capitalist system. Wondered before the conflict introduced on the economic valuation of the nature and on the essentials of the system of production, questioning the processes on which the nature and the components of the ecosystems become monopolizables and alienable, and therefore merchandise and sources of rent. This is done in the light of the discussion of the theory of Marxian, contrasting it to the assumptions of the ecological economics or Georgescu-Roegen bioeconomy; establishing a dialog with the current changes in the productive process developed by the advance of technology, science and the generation of patents, where from it was rebuilt the nature and science in the image of the capital.Fil: Vasquez Cardona, David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Toro Calderon, José Javier. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombi

Effects of Modification of Pain Protocol on Incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting.

BackgroundA Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) care model applies a standardized multidisciplinary approach to patient care using evidence-based medicine to modify and improve protocols. Analysis of patient outcome measures, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), allows for refinement of existing protocols to improve patient care. We aim to compare the incidence of PONV in patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty before and after modification of our PSH pain protocol.MethodsAll total joint replacement PSH (TJR-PSH) patients who underwent primary THA (n=149) or TKA (n=212) in the study period were included. The modified protocol added a single dose of intravenous (IV) ketorolac given in the operating room and oxycodone immediate release orally instead of IV Hydromorphone in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The outcomes were (1) incidence of PONV and (2) average pain score in the PACU. We also examined the effect of primary anesthetic (spinal vs. GA) on these outcomes. The groups were compared using chi-square tests of proportions.ResultsThe incidence of post-operative nausea in the PACU decreased significantly with the modified protocol (27.4% vs. 38.1%, p=0.0442). There was no difference in PONV based on choice of anesthetic or procedure. Average PACU pain scores did not differ significantly between the two protocols.ConclusionSimple modifications to TJR-PSH multimodal pain management protocol, with decrease in IV narcotic use, resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative nausea, without compromising average PACU pain scores. This report demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring of PSH pathways and implementation of revisions as needed

CFD Simulation Of The Air-Water Flow In The Bottom Outlet Of Ituango Hydroelectric Project

This study presents a three dimensional CFD model of the air-water flow in a free surface discharge tunnel of a typical bottom outlet with a high head gate. The numerical simulation is performed in ANSYS-FLUENT. Results of volume fraction, velocity, and pressure fields are analyzed for two gate openings, i.e. 54% and 100%. The free surface flow in the conduit is calculated by means of the VOF method. Finally, a novel methodology is presented to calculate the air demand distribution as part of the design of the aeration system in bottom outlets with high head gate

Pandemic Driven Mobility in Higher Education: The Good, the Bad and the Useful

The purpose of this mixed method research study is to describe the experiences of faculty and students in post-secondary education institutions as they shifted to remote education at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to understand these experiences in the context of previous research about pre-pandemic remote or mobile education. One hundred and two participants in the study include full-time and adjunct faculty, undergraduate and graduate students. A convergent mixed method survey queried about participants’ demographics, mobility experiences in terms of frequency of access to technology and a suitable learning/teaching environment and usefulness of various web and video conferencing and Learning Management Systems (LMS) tools to support education in this format. The findings indicate that on average, faculty and students report positive experiences, especially for participants who had prior involvement with online education. Qualitative data highlight challenges associated with access to technology, managing the out-of-classroom physical environment and balancing personal and education responsibilities at the time of the pandemic outbreak. These results have implications that may be relevant as the world of education evolves, applying lessons learned during the pandemic. Resource allocation, training faculty in remote education pedagogy and providing infrastructure support for students to improve mobile education experiences are crucial for success in the new normal world of higher education

Ocorrencia, danos e controle de Epinotia aporema (Walsingham, 1914)(Lepidoptera), em soja

Orientador: Luis Amilton FoersterDissertaçao (mestrado) -Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curso de Pós-Graduaçao em Entomologi