Deep carbon storage potential of buried floodplain soils.

Soils account for the largest terrestrial pool of carbon and have the potential for even greater quantities of carbon sequestration. Typical soil carbon (C) stocks used in global carbon models only account for the upper 1 meter of soil. Previously unaccounted for deep carbon pools (>1 m) were generally considered to provide a negligible input to total C contents and represent less dynamic C pools. Here we assess deep soil C pools associated with an alluvial floodplain ecosystem transitioning from agricultural production to restoration of native vegetation. We analyzed the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations of 87 surface soil samples (0-15 cm) and 23 subsurface boreholes (0-3 m). We evaluated the quantitative importance of the burial process in the sequestration of subsurface C and found our subsurface soils (0-3 m) contained considerably more C than typical C stocks of 0-1 m. This deep unaccounted soil C could have considerable implications for global C accounting. We compared differences in surface soil C related to vegetation and land use history and determined that flooding restoration could promote greater C accumulation in surface soils. We conclude deep floodplain soils may store substantial quantities of C and floodplain restoration should promote active C sequestration

2-(Biphenyl-4-yl)propan-2-ol

The title compound, C15H16O, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. Due to the space-group symmetry, this results in the formation of a tetra­mer where the four mol­ecules are connected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecules pack parallel to the c axis. Both mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit are nonplanar and the dihedral angles between connected aromatic rings in each mol­ecule are 7.96 (12) and 9.75 (13)°. This contrasts with the gas phase density functional theory (DFT) optimized conformation, where this dihedral angle is 39.33°

{μ-5-[1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethyl­phen­yl)-3H-imidazolium-2-yl]-2-(2-oxoethenyl-1κC 1)furan-3-yl-2κC 3}-μ-hydrido-bis(tetra­carbonyl­rhenium) tetra­hydro­furan 0.67-solvate

The title complex, [Re2(C27H25N2O2)H(CO)8]·0.67C4H8O, was formed as a product in the reaction of a rhenium(I)–Fischer carbene complex with a free NHC carbene. The coordination environment about the two Re atoms is slightly distorted octahedral, including a bridging H atom. The imidazolium and furan groups are almost coplanar, whereas the mesityl substituents show an almost perpendicular arrangement with respect to both heterocyclic units. Mol­ecules of the complex pack in such a way as to form channels parallel with the bc unit-cell face diagonal running through the unit face diagonal. These channels are partially occupied by tetra­hydro­furan solvent mol­ecules

Structures of tribenzylmethanol and 1,2,3-triphenyl-2-propanol

The tribenzylmethanol molecule, (PhCH2)3COH, has approximate threefold symmetry in the solid state. The hydroxyl H atom is disordered unequally over three orientations and is not involved in hydrogen bonding. The 1,2,3-triphenyl-2-propanol molecule, Ph(PhCH2)2COH, crystallizes with two molecules per asymmetric unit which differ slightly in conformation. In one of the molecules the hydroxyl H atom is disordered equally over two sites, whereas in the other molecule there is no disorder. As in the tribenzylmethanol molecule, there is no intermolecular O--H...O hydrogen bonding, presumably because of the steric bulk of the molecules and their packing which prevents the close approach of the O atoms of adjacent molecules

Bis(4-amino­benzoic acid-κN)dichloridozinc(II)

Mol­ecules of the title compound [ZnCl2(C7H7NO2)2], are located on a twofold rotation axis. Two 4-amino­benzoic acid moieties, and two chloride ligands are coordinated to a Zn atom in a tetra­hedral fashion, forming an isolated mol­ecule. Neighbouring mol­ecules are linked through hydrogen-bonded carboxyl groups, as well as N—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between amine groups and the chloride ligands of neighbouring mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional network

Isolation of a potassium bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) carbazolide: a stabilizing pincer ligand for reactive late transition metal complexes

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a potassium adduct of a monoanionic CNC-pincer ligand featuring two mesoionic carbenes is reported. Owing to the peculiar electronic and steric properties of this ligand, the first neutral stable Ni(II)-hydride, and an unusual Cu(II) complex displaying a seesaw geometry, have been isolated

3-Methyl­anilinium nitrate

In the title compound, C7H10N+·NO3 −, the 3-methyl­anilinium cations inter­act with the nitrate anions through strong bifurcated N+—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network

Refinement of iron ore sinter phases : a silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) and an Al-free SFC, and the effect on phase quantification by X-ray diffraction

Crystals of a silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) and an Al-free SFC were prepared from the melt by slow cooling of synthetically prepared mixtures and examined by single-crystal diffraction methods. Both crystals belong to the space group P-1. SFC has lattice parameters a = 9.1255(3) Å, b = 10.1189(3) Å, c = 10.6183(2) Å, α = 63.9554(9)°, β = 84.4964(11)°, γ = 65.6706(9)° with a final R(|F|) = 0.024. SFCA has a cell with a = 9.0738(9)Å, b = 10.0474(10)Å, c = 10.5611(10) Å, α = 64.061(3)°, β = 84.356(3)°, γ = 65.722(3)° with a final R(|F|) = 0.030. The SFC structure was transformed to the cell used by Hamilton et al. (1989) and refined to an R(|F|) = 0.024. All the atomic positions are equivalent to those reported by Hamilton et al. (1989) with the exception of one (Ca,Fe) position and two oxygen positions that are displaced from the published positions by 0.5y (Ca,Fe1), 0.5z (O4), or 0.5x (O12). This is ascribed to transcription errors in the published crystal structure data. The calculated powder pattern of SFCA (this study) was compared with the experimental data and it shows that the low angle peak intensities agree significantly better than those calculated from the published atomic positions. Additional electron density is located in proximity to the octahedral and tetrahedral cation sites of the main structure. These positions, coupled with the partially occupied cation sites of the main structure, suggest a minor sharing of cations between the main cation sites and the additional sites.http://link.springer.com/journal/710hb2017ChemistryMaterials Science and Metallurgical Engineerin

Comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages specific to the channel catfish pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The bacterial pathogen <it>Edwardsiella ictaluri </it>is a primary cause of mortality in channel catfish raised commercially in aquaculture farms. Additional treatment and diagnostic regimes are needed for this enteric pathogen, motivating the discovery and characterization of bacteriophages specific to <it>E. ictaluri</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The genomes of three <it>Edwardsiella ictaluri</it>-specific bacteriophages isolated from geographically distant aquaculture ponds, at different times, were sequenced and analyzed. The genomes for phages eiAU, eiDWF, and eiMSLS are 42.80 kbp, 42.12 kbp, and 42.69 kbp, respectively, and are greater than 95% identical to each other at the nucleotide level. Nucleotide differences were mostly observed in non-coding regions and in structural proteins, with significant variability in the sequences of putative tail fiber proteins. The genome organization of these phages exhibit a pattern shared by other <it>Siphoviridae</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These <it>E. ictaluri</it>-specific phage genomes reveal considerable conservation of genomic architecture and sequence identity, even with considerable temporal and spatial divergence in their isolation. Their genomic homogeneity is similarly observed among <it>E. ictaluri </it>bacterial isolates. The genomic analysis of these phages supports the conclusion that these are virulent phages, lacking the capacity for lysogeny or expression of virulence genes. This study contributes to our knowledge of phage genomic diversity and facilitates studies on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these phages.</p

N-(2,4,6-Trimethyl­phen­yl)formamide

The title compound, C10H13NO, was obtained as the unexpected, almost exclusive, product in the attempted synthesis of a manganese(I)–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex. The dihedral angle between the planes of the formamide moiety and the aryl ring is 68.06 (10)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming infinite chains along the c axis