Utilización de bolsas ANKOM® en la determinación de la digestibilidad de la materia seca in vitro en conejos.

La metodología de digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DMSiv) desarrollada por Ramos et al. (1992) para predecir la digestibilidad de la materia seca y valor nutricional de diferentes alimentos comúnmente utilizados en la alimentación de conejos, ha sido estandarizada y validada por diferentes laboratorios (Villamide et al. 2008 y Carabaño et al. 2008), demostrándose su fiabilidad, reproducibilidad y repetibilidad. Uno de los puntos críticos de las metodologías gravimétricas es la filtración con crisol, ya que las propiedades físicas junto con la composición química de diversas materias primas dificultan este proceso y aumentan la variabilidad en los resultados (Mertens, 2002). Por otra parte la digestión individual de las muestras limita la capacidad de análisis. Con la finalidad de corregir estas limitaciones se propuso como alternativa el uso de bolsas ANKOM ® , ya utilizadas en el análisis secuencial de Van Soest (Kenneth et al., 1999), digeridas colectivamente en un mismo recipiente. Además de la utilización de bolsas, como novedad se incluyó al final de la digestibilidad un lavado adicional de las bolsas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la validez de esta modificación en la digestibilidad in vitro ileal (dos pasos) y fecal (tres pasos

Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in focusing, scattering, and imaging systems

We present a general theory of spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion of light in focusing, scattering, and imaging optical systems. Our theory employs universal geometric transformations of non-paraxial optical fields in such systems and allows for direct calculation and comparison of the AM conversion efficiency in different physical settings. Observations of the AM conversions using local intensity distributions and far-field polarimetric measurements are discussed

Characterization and modeling of lithium-polymer commercial batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are key for the modern society as they are present in many energy storage devices and have promising future perspectives in the field of electric cars and energy accumulators from renewable sources. Herein, we present results from charge and discharge cycles on batteries with controlled conditions. The cyclability of commercial lithium-polymer “pouch” batteries, has been studied under different charge/discharge rate and temperatures. The relationship between the state of charge and the cell voltage has been obtained, and the degradation of the cell energy capacity after a number of cycles has been measured. Furthermore, the experimental results have been compared with simulations based on Newman’s model for Lithium Ion Batteries, carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results show the correlation between temperature, C-rate and degradation in lithium ion batteries. It is especially remarkable the decrease of the apparent capacity of batteries at low temperatures, and the increase of the degradation at higher temperatures. These results are essential for the design of control mechanisms that can prevent battery failure.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Málaga, Proyecto Puente B.5, código: PPIT.UMA.B5.2018/1

New compound sets identified from high throughput phenotypic screening against three kinetoplastid parasites:an open resource

Using whole-cell phenotypic assays, the GlaxoSmithKline high-throughput screening (HTS) diversity set of 1.8 million compounds was screened against the three kinetoplastids most relevant to human disease, i.e. Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. Secondary confirmatory and orthogonal intracellular anti-parasiticidal assays were conducted, and the potential for non-specific cytotoxicity determined. Hit compounds were chemically clustered and triaged for desirable physicochemical properties. The hypothetical biological target space covered by these diversity sets was investigated through bioinformatics methodologies. Consequently, three anti-kinetoplastid chemical boxes of ~200 compounds each were assembled. Functional analyses of these compounds suggest a wide array of potential modes of action against kinetoplastid kinases, proteases and cytochromes as well as potential host–pathogen targets. This is the first published parallel high throughput screening of a pharma compound collection against kinetoplastids. The compound sets are provided as an open resource for future lead discovery programs, and to address important research questions.The support and funding of Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation is gratefully acknowledgedPeer reviewe

Variación espacio-temporal del coeficiente de atenuación de la luz en la bahía de Cienfuegos, Cuba.

In this work, 16 stations in Cienfuegos Bay were optically classified in the period from 2009 to 2014 and the spatio-temporal variation of the average attenuation coefficient of light was determined, as well as its relationship with chlorophyll a and suspended solids. The average attenuation coefficient was estimated from an empirical relationship with the Secchi depth and was compared with the corresponding ones determined by Jerlov (1976) to determine the optical type of water of each station. A predominance of C9 (more turbid) water was obtained, which was mainly reported in the mouths of the rivers, mainly in the northern lobe of the bay subjected to anthropization. The greatest variation of the attenuation was detected between the periods of drought and rain, showing the highest values in rain due to the increase of the nutrient concentration and the turbulence in the water column. The spatial variation indicated that stations 1 and 16 showed minimum and maximum attenuation values respectively due to their hydrodynamic characteristics. The relationship of the attenuation coefficient with suspended solids on the surface and in turn the attenuation coefficient with chlorophyll a showed a marked multifactorial relationship

A case report of fatal feline babesiosis caused by Babesia canis in north western Spain

In Europe, Babesia infections in cats are sporadic and only partial knowledge is currently available since the number of described cases including both the clinical presentation and the molecular identification of the Babesia species involved is limited. In the present case report, the clinical signs, the epidemiological data and the molecular results suggest that this is the first reported fatal case of feline babesiosis caused by Babesia canisThis research was funded by the Program for consolidating and structuring competitive research groups (ED431C 2019/04, Xunta de Galicia, Spain). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS

Donor Deferral Due to Low Hemoglobin-An Updated Systematic Review.

Blood donors attending a donation session may be deferred from donating blood due to a failure to meet low hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds. This costs the blood donor service and donors valuable time and resources. In addition, donors who are deferred may have more symptoms, and as a direct and/or indirect effect of their experience, return rates of donors deferred for low Hb are reduced, even in repeat donors. It is therefore vital that low Hb deferral (LHD) is minimized. The aim of this updated systematic review is to expand the evidence base for factors which affect a donor's risk of deferral due to low Hb. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry to March 2019. Demographic data, donor history, hematological/biological factors, and the primary outcome of deferral due to low Hb were extracted. Our primary outcome was deferral due to low Hb. Analyses were descriptive and quantitative; pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by meta-analysis using random-effects models. A total of 116 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a significantly greater risk of LHD in females compared with males in studies applying universal Hb thresholds for males and females (OR 14.62 95% CI 12.43-17.19) and in those which used sex-specific thresholds (OR 5.73, 95% CI 4.36-7.53). Higher rates of LHD were also associated with increasing age in men, low body weight, shorter interdonation interval, donors of Hispanic or African descent, higher ambient temperature, donors with low ferritin levels, and donation in a fixed donor center. There was conflicting evidence on the effect of new and repeat donor status, and blood group. This work has strengthened the evidence of the previous review in identifying factors that should be considered in studies of donor deferral and highlighting areas in need of further study, including ABO and Rh blood groups, previous platelet donation, diet, smoking, time of day, and genetic data. These factors may lead to individually tailored donation criteria for safe and efficient donation in the future.This research is supported by core funding from NHS Blood and Transplant, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme (SF, CD), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/L003120/1), the British Heart Foundation (RG/13/13/30194; RG/18/13/33946), and the National Institute for Health Research [Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre at the Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]. AB, TB, and KM are funded by the NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics (NIHR BTRU-2014-10024). SAR is funded by the National Institute for Health Research [Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre at the Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]

Live imaging of neolymphangiogenesis identifies acute antimetastatic roles of dsRNA mimics.

Long-range communication between tumor cells and the lymphatic vasculature defines competency for metastasis in different cancer types, particularly in melanoma. Nevertheless, the discovery of selective blockers of lymphovascular niches has been compromised by the paucity of experimental systems for whole-body analyses of tumor progression. Here, we exploit immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models for live imaging of Vegfr3-driven neolymphangiogenesis, as a versatile platform for drug screening in vivo. Spatiotemporal analyses of autochthonous melanomas and patient-derived xenografts identified double-stranded RNA mimics (dsRNA nanoplexes) as potent inhibitors of neolymphangiogenesis, metastasis, and post-surgical disease relapse. Mechanistically, dsRNA nanoplexes were found to exert a rapid dual action in tumor cells and in their associated lymphatic vasculature, involving the transcriptional repression of the lymphatic drivers Midkine and Vegfr3, respectively. This suppressive function was mediated by a cell-autonomous type I interferon signaling and was not shared by FDA-approved antimelanoma treatments. These results reveal an alternative strategy for targeting the tumor cell-lymphatic crosstalk and underscore the power of Vegfr3-lymphoreporters for pharmacological testing in otherwise aggressive cancers.The authors thank previous and present colleagues in the CNIO Melanoma Group, particularly Damia Tormo and Lisa Osterloh for help and support at the initial stages of this study; Jose A Esteban (CSIC-UAM) for critical reading of this manuscript; Lionel Larue (INSERM; France) and Martin McMahon (Hunstman Cancer Center, USA) for the Tyr:CreERT2 and BrafCA mouse strains, respectively; and Ignacio Melero at Hospital Clinico, Pamplona, Spain, for Ifnar1-deficient mice. The authors thank Isabel Blanco, Soraya Ruiz, and Virginia Granda (CNIO-Animal Facility Unit), Diego Megias (CNIO-Confocal Unit), and Eduardo Jose Caleiras and Patricia Gonzalez (CNIO-Histopathology Unit) for technical assistance. M.S.S. is funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (SAF2017-89533-R), the Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC), Fundacion La Caixa, and an Established Investigator Award by the Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA). D.O. is funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health (AES-PIS PI18/1057) and "Beca Leonardo a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales 2018 de la Fundacion BBVA". The CNIO Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019. S.O. is also supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (BFU2015-71376-R).S

Locating the Youngest HII Regions in M82 with 7 mm Continuum Maps

We present 7mm Very Large Array continuum images of the starburst galaxy M82. On arcsecond scales, two-thirds of the 7mm continuum consists of free-free emission from HII regions. In the subarcsecond resolution map, we identify 14 compact sources, including 9 bright HII regions with N_Lyc > 10^51 sec^-1. Four of the HII regions have rising spectra, implying emission measures > 10^8 cm^-6 pc. Except for one compact source with peculiar features, all other compact radio sources are found in dust lanes and do not have optical or near-infrared continuum counterparts. Four regions of extended, high brightness (EM > 10^7 cm-6 pc) radio emission are found in our high resolution map, including some as large as ~2", or 30 pc, representing either associations of small HII regions, or sheetlike structures of denser gas. The good correlation between 7 mm emission and Spitzer IRAC 8 micron continuum-removed PAH feature suggests that PAH emission may track the recently formed OB stars. We find an excellent correlation between molecular gas and star formation, particularly dense gas traced by HCN, down to the ~ 45 pc scale in M82. We also find star formation efficiencies (SFEs) of 1-10% on the same scale, based on CO maps. The highest SFE are found in regions with the highest dense gas fractions.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A

Convective Wavelength Shifts in the Spectra of Late-Type Stars

We present ultra-high resolution spectra for a set of nearby F-G-K stars on, or close to, the main sequence. The wavelength shifts of stellar lines relative to their laboratory wavelengths are measured for more than a thousand Fe I lines per star, finding a clear correlation with line depth. The observed patterns are interpreted as convective blue-shifts that become more prominent for weaker lines, which are formed in deeper atmospheric layers. A morphological sequence with spectral type or effective temperature is apparent. Two K giant stars have also been studied. The velocity span between weak and strong lines for these stars is larger than for the dwarfs and subgiants of similar spectral types. Our results show that convective wavelength shifts may seriously compromise the accuracy of absolute spectroscopic radial velocities, but that an empirical correction may be applied to measured velocities.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; uses emulateapj.sty; to appear in ApJ