Fault Detection and Isolation of Nonlinear Systems with Generalized Hamiltonian Representation

The problem of fault diagnosis in a class of nonlinear system is considered. Systems that can be written in the so‐called Generalized Hamiltonian Representation (which is equivalent to an Euler‐Lagrange representation) are studied, and a model‐based observer approach for this class of systems is developed. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the facility to design the required observers, which take advantage of the system structure given by the Hamitonian representation. In order to show the proposed schema, a model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine is revised and the fault diagnosis schema presented. Simulation results confirm the effectivity of the proposed schema

Lagrangian Model‐Based Fault Diagnosis in a PVTOL

A Lagrangian formalism is used to model a PVTOL in order to obtain an aircraft model. The Euler‐Lagrange model of the PVTOL is used to develop an algorithm for fault diagnosis. Diagnosis implies the detection, isolation and identification of a fault. The considered approach is based on the knowledge of a system model as well as the model of the possible faults. The idea is to use non‐linear decoupling approach to derivate a set of subsystems, each related to a specific fault or a set of faults. An observer‐based residual generation is designed for each subsystem, this structure allows the fault detection and isolation stage, for fault identification a kind of approximated inversion algorithm to meet the different diagnostic levels. The results are obtained taking advantage of the structure given by the Euler‐Lagrange modelling of the PVTOL as well as from recent results related to observer design and fault identification

Molecular Characterization of Putative Chordoma Cell Lines

Immortal tumor cell lines are an important model system for cancer research, however, misidentification and cross-contamination of cell lines are a common problem. Seven chordoma cell lines are reported in the literature, but none has been characterized in detail. We analyzed gene expression patterns and genomic copy number variations in five putative chordoma cell lines (U-CH1, CCL3, CCL4, GB60, and CM319). We also created a new chordoma cell line, U-CH2, and provided genotypes for cell lines for identity confirmation. Our analyses revealed that CCL3, CCL4, and GB60 are not chordoma cell lines, and that CM319 is a cancer cell line possibly derived from chordoma, but lacking expression of key chordoma biomarkers. U-CH1 and U-CH2 both have gene expression profiles, copy number aberrations, and morphology consistent with chordoma tumors. These cell lines also harbor genetic changes, such as loss of p16, MTAP, or PTEN, that make them potentially useful models for studying mechanisms of chordoma pathogenesis and for evaluating targeted therapies

Challenges in genetic counseling in hereditary cancer syndromes in a Mexican oncologic center

Background: In Mexico, hereditary cancer is underdiagnosed, medical geneticists give genetic counseling, but the access is limited due to the socio-economic characteristics of the population. The CUCC (Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer) Early Cancer Detection Clinic (CECIL) created a model in which patients without cancer are enrolled in a prevention cancer screening program. Methods: From 2016 to 2021, 3014 patients were enrolled in the prevention program. Patients were evaluated with a hereditary cancer risk survey before a consultation. Those with at least one familial hereditary risk positive answer were assessed in a consultation. We also included patients with cancer diagnoses referred by oncologists of the CUCC. Those who fulfill hereditary cancer criteria were referred for genetic testing. Results: A total of 1119 subjects were evaluated. Of these, 248 (21%) were candidates for genetic testing, only 149 (60%) could be analyzed, 52 probands (59%) and 32 relatives (51%) had at least one variant. Among the probands: 33 had HBOC (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome), 7 had Lynch, 1 LFS (Li-Fraumeni syndrome), 1 LFLS (Li-Fraumeni like syndrome), 1 FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis), and 9 had benign variants. In the relative\u27s group: 17 had Lynch, 10 HBOC, 1 LFS, and 4 FAP. To date, 3 patients under surveillance had an in situlesions (1 endometrial and two colon), and 3 more had a premalignant colon lesion, one in the not tested group. To achieve the genetic test cost for the probands, 50% had partial sponsors, 31% paid for their tests, research projects were supported by 13%, and 4.5% were donations. Among relatives, 94.4% paid for the tests, and 5.5% were supported by research. All relatives were tested using an in-house low-cost test. Conclusion: The model\u27s success made awareness of these diseases, leading last year to the formation of a state detection program, including all public and private health institutions attending to patients with cancer, these patients are referred to CECIL. We found an effective way to find support low-cost genetic testing via foundations

Respuesta en frecuencia para sistemas en espacio de estados

The frequency response of linear systems is a popular tool used in the analysis and design of automatic control systems. The common way to obtain the frequency response is from the input-output representation (transfer function) of a system. In this paper we present a novel way to obtain the frequency response from the state space representation. The result is obtained by characterizing the input signal (sine function) by means of an additional external system, as well as the evaluation of the steady state. The determination of phase and magnitude is obtained from the solution to a Sylvester equation repeatedly for different values of the frequency in a specific interval together with some algebraic manipulations and use of trigonometric identities. The procedure is shown by examples and compared with classical ways of obtaining the frequency response.La respuesta en frecuencia de sistemas lineales es una popular herramienta utilizada en el análisis y diseño de sistemas de control automático. La forma común de obtener la respuesta en frecuencia es a partir de la representación entrada-salida (función de transferencia) de un sistema. En este trabajo se presenta una manera novedosa para obtener la respuesta en frecuencia partiendo de la representación en el espacio de estados. El resultado es obtenido mediante la caracterización de la señal de entrada (función senoidal) mediante un sistema externo adicional, así como la evaluación del estado estacionario. La determinación de la fase y magnitud se obtiene de la solución a una ecuación de Sylvester reiteradamente para diferentes valores de la frecuencia en un intervalo específico junto con algunas manipulaciones algebraicas y uso de identidades trigonométricas. El procedimiento es mostrado mediante ejemplos y comparado con las maneras clásicas de obtener la respuesta en frecuencia

Flatness-based fault tolerant control

Este artículo presenta un método de control tolerante a fallas para sistemas no lineales planos. Las propiedades intrínsecas de los sistemas planos generan redundancia analítica y permiten calcular todos los estados y las entradas de control del sistema. Los residuos son calculados comparando las medidas reales provenientes de los sensores y las señales obtenidas gracias al conjunto de ecuaciones del sistema plano. Fallas multiplicativas y aditivas se pueden manejar de manera indistinta. Las señales redundantes obtenidas con las ecuaciones del sistema plano son usadas para reconfigurar el sistema con falla. La factibilidad del método propuesto es verificada para fallas aditivas en un sistema de tres tanques. ABSTRACT This paper presents a Fault Tolerant control approach for nonlinear flat systems. Flatness property affords analytical redundancy and permit to compute the states and control inputs of the system. Residual signals are computed by comparing real measures and the computed signals obtained using the differentially flat equations. Multiplicative and additive faults can be handled indistinctly. The redundant signals obtained with the differentially flat equations are used to reconfigure the faulty system. Feasibility of this approach is verified for additive faults in a three tank system

The role of the g9/2 orbital in the development of collectivity in the A = 60 region: The case of 61Co

An extensive study of the level structure of 61Co has been performed following the complex 26Mg(48Ca, 2a4npg)61Co reaction at beam energies of 275, 290 and 320 MeV using Gammasphere and the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). The low-spin structure is discussed within the framework of shell-model calculations using the GXPF1A effective interaction. Two quasi-rotational bands consisting of stretched-E2 transitions have been established up to spins I = 41/2 and (43/2), and excitation energies of 17 and 20 MeV, respectively. These are interpreted as signature partners built on a neutron {\nu}(g9/2)2 configuration coupled to a proton {\pi}p3/2 state, based on Cranked Shell Model (CSM) calculations and comparisons with observations in neighboring nuclei. In addition, four I = 1 bands were populated to high spin, with the yrast dipole band interpreted as a possible candidate for the shears mechanism, a process seldom observed thus far in this mass region

Co-Existence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57 in a Clinical Isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii from Alexandria, Egypt

The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Middle East and North Africa are one of the major concerns for healthcare settings. We characterised the first A. baumannii isolate harbouring five β-lactamases identified in Egypt. The isolate Ale25 was obtained from an ICU patient of a hospital from Alexandria. The isolate was phenotypically and genotypically screened for carbapenemase genes. The isolate was resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cefiderocol. Whole-Genome Sequencing identified five β-lactamase genes, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57, together with other antibiotic resistance genes, conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, rifamycin and chloramphenicol. Virulome analysis showed the presence of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm production, type II and VI secretion systems, exotoxins, etc. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing analysis identified the isolate as Sequence Types 113Pas and 2246Oxf, belonging to International Clone 7. Sequencing experiments revealed the presence of four plasmids of 2.7, 22.3, 70.4 and 240.8 Kb. All the β-lactamase genes were located in the chromosome, except the blaPER-7, gene which was found within the plasmid of 240.8 Kb. This study highlights the threat of the emergence and dissemination of these types of isolates.This research was funded by the MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), grant number PID2020-116495RB-I00; the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE BASQUE GOVERNMENT (Research Groups of the Basque University System 2021), grant number Group IT1578-22, GIC21/18; and the ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT, grant number 2072

ANCA antigens, proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, are not expreΔed in endothelial cells

ANCA antigens, proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, are not expressed in endothelial cells. Background. One hypothesis for the pathogenesis of vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) proposes that ANCAs bind to ANCA antigens, such as proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO), which are produced by endothelial cells and expressed on their surfaces. There are conflicting reports, however, on whether endothelial cells express the ANCA antigen PR3, and there are no reports on endothelial expression of MPO. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of PR3 and MPO mRNA in both venous and arterial endothelial cells, employing standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques and also the quantitative and highly specific method, TaqMan PCR. Methods. RT-PCR (with 3 primer sets) and TaqMan PCR, a method for detecting low copy transcripts, were used to probe for PR3 and MPO transcripts in human endothelial cells from umbilical vein (HUVEC) and artery (HUAEC) and from lung microvascular (HLMVEC). Cells were treated with interferon-γ (200 units/mL) or tumor necrosis factor-α (3 or 10 ng/mL) or both. Results. Transcripts for PR3 and/or MPO were not detected in HUVEC, HUAEC, and HLMVEC by standard RT-PCR. Analyses for PR3 protein confirmed that PR3 is not expressed in HUVEC. HUVEC and HUAEC were negative for PR3 and MPO by TaqMan PCR. Conclusions. PR3 and MPO are not expressed in HUVEC, HUAEC, or HLMVEC. Endothelial cell presentation of endogenous PR3 and MPO antigens is not involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Alternative explanations need to be explored to determine the pathogenic effect of ANCAs

Comparisons of American, Israeli, Italian and Mexican physicians and nurses on the total and factor scores of the Jefferson scale of attitudes toward physician-nurse collaborative relationships

This cross-cultural study was designed to compare the attitudes of physicians and nurses toward physician–nurse collaboration in the United States, Israel, Italy and Mexico. Total participants were 2522 physicians and nurses who completed the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration (15 Likert-type items, (Hojat et al., Evaluation and the Health Professions 22 (1999a) 208; Nursing Research 50 (2001) 123). They were compared on the total scores and four factors of the Jefferson Scale (shared education and team work, caring as opposed to curing, nurses, autonomy, physicians’ dominance). Results showed inter- and intra-cultural similarities and differences among the study groups providing support for the social role theory (Hardy and Conway, Role Theory: Perspectives for Health Professionals, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1978) and the principle of least interest (Waller and Hill, The Family: A Dynamic Interpretation, Dryden, New York, 1951) in inter-professional relationships. Implications for promoting physician–nurse education and inter-professional collaboration are discussed