ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND MODULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT STATUS BY OCIMUM CANUM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

The aquous extract of Ocimum Canum. (Family: Lamiaceae) leaf was investigated for its antidiabetic effect in Wistar Albino rats. Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of streptozotocin (45mg/kg, I.P). The aquous extractof Ocimum canum at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of body weight was administered to diabetes induced rats for a period of 28 days. The effect of aquous extractof Ocimum canum leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lipid profile low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), atherogenic index and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of all groups were analyzed.Antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) , serum thiobarbituric (TBAR) were measured in the diabetic rats. The aquous extractof Ocimum canum leaf elicited significant reductions of blood glucose (p<0.01), lipid parameters except HDL-C, serum enzymes and significantly increased HDL-C and antioxidant enzymes.. From the above results it is concluded that aquous extractof Ocimum canum possesses significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Reliability Evaluation and Analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The paper addresses the reliability problem of mobile ad hoc networks under link and node failure model. Node reliability is calculated as a function of no. of neighbor nodes, packet success rate, and device type and packet size. The presence of a link between any node pair is binary and its reliability is computed considering the distance between nodes and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An efficient algorithm is proposed to analyze and calculate the reliability of mobile ad hoc networks considering multiple routes from source and destination nodes. The effect of different parameters on node reliability and link reliability are analyzed and discussed. The network is simulated and analyzed using INET frame work. Reliability of two distinct cases of this simulation is evaluated. The simulated results and discussions ensure that evaluation of the reliability of any mobile ad hoc networks can be done easily and in an efficient manner by the proposed method

Natural Gas as Feedstock for Fertilizer

Separation of the hydrogen needed for the ammonia synthesis reaction, from its source is difficult. Hydrogen production method is the main source of distinction between the various ammonia production routes. Most of the improvements in the technology regarding the ammonia synthesis were concerned with the hydrogen production step. Hydrogen can be produced by steam reforming, partial oxidation and water electrolysis. The bulk of the world ammonia production is based on steam reforming. The major hydrogen sources are natural gas, naphtha and coal. In this project different methods available for hydrogen separation from its source are analyzed and the best possible way to produce synthesis gas (which will form ammonia) from natural gas is found out. The number of reforming stages required for a plant capacity of 1500 tons per day of ammonia production is found out. The mass balance and energy balance calculations for the above said plant capacity is presented in this work. Then the conventional carbon dioxide removal process and methanation process are replaced by the advanced, economical pressure swing adsorption process. It was also found that two stages of shift converters required for this plant capacity. The number of reforming stages required is only one and nitrogen is obtained from oxygen pressure swing absorption units. The oxygen separated is also used as a fuel with natural gas for reforming. The carbon dioxide is separated in another PSA which can be used for the production of urea

MANGIFERIN PROTECTS RENAL IMPAIRMENT AGAINST BENZO(A)PYRENE INDUCED TOXICITY BY REGULATING MITOCHONDRIAL AND DNA INTEGRITY

Contaminated food and water ingestion and inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are the main sources of human exposure to benzo(a)pyrene leading to cause renal injury and provoking a nephropathic response. Mangiferin is a highly potent antioxidant present in mango and known for several medicinal properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the renoprotective effect of mangiferin against benzo(a)pyrene induced toxicity. Benzo(a)pyrene was administered at a dose of 120.0 mg/kg once alone or in combination with mangiferin at 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg for seven days in Swiss albino mice. Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and increased glutathione-S-transferase level in the kidneys of mice. Moreover, DNA alkaline unwinding assay exhibit a significant decrease in F-value for the toxic control group in comparison to the normal mice, which is a marker for alteration in DNA integrity. Benzo(a)pyrene treatment also revealed an increased number of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in comparison with the control group indicating chromosomal damage in erythrocytes of bone marrow. Mangiferin pretreatment significantly improved the renal mitochondrial antioxidant status and restored the renal DNA integrity, thus demonstrating the protective effect in benzo(a)pyrene-treated mice. Dietary inclusion of mangiferin could exert protective effects against renal toxicity resulting from benzo(a)pyrene exposure.Keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene, GPx, GST, Mangiferin, Micronucleus Â

Transethosomes and Nanoethosomes: Recent Approach on Transdermal Drug Delivery System

In the past few decades, an emerging drug delivery system that came into light is transdermal drug delivery system. It has become the talk of the town in the field of drug delivery because of its better and easy accessibility. Though it is one of the attractive routes, transport of drug through the skin has remained a challenge. To overcome the challenge, vesicular system has been adopted so as to have better skin permeation of bioactive agents. Vesicular system like liposome has shown inefficiency to cross the layers of skin. Then transethosomes and nanoethosomes are employed for delivering drug into the deeper layer of skin. Nanoethosomes and transethosomes have same composition that is water, ethanol and phospholipid. Transethosome contains edge activator additionally. Due to the presence of ethanol and edge activator, it displayed enhanced skin permeation. Vesicular system gives a better patient compliance, being a non-invasive method of drug administration. In this chapter, we attempted to provide brief information about methods of preparation, characterization and pharmaceutical uses of nanoethosomes and transethosomes

Role of Nanobiotechnology in Drug Discovery, Development and Molecular Diagnostic

Nano-biotechnology has already tested its magnitude in a number of sections of existence science and biotechnology field. It is no longer hyperbole to say that in future, nano-scale method would in reality take the associated science area to the subsequent level. Since, there are technical hurdles present; despite the fact that scientists are giving their great to overcome such problems. Applications of nano-biotechnology have already been discussed in this chapter. Future potential are really associated with innovative amendment of such applications. Despite of some impedance, this technology presents giant hope in the future. It performs most important position in distinct sorts of biomedical application such as shipping of drug, gene therapy, biosensors, biomarkers and molecular imaging. It additionally leads to innovations in this field. The fundamental lookup goal of this discipline would be the innovation of early analysis approach and cure with target-specific remedy therapy. Although there would possibly be some safety worries with admire to the in vivo use of nanoparticles, research are in region to decide the nature and extent of adverse events

Risk-Benefit Events Associated with the Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disorders

Aspirin had been introduced as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecule. As further research on aspirin started, other therapeutic effects have been revealed. Now, this molecule has become the polychrest in medical science. Aspirin has served as a drug of choice for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for the last few decades. However, recent trials have raised questions on the use of aspirin for CVD prevention due to some life-threatening adverse drug events. In spite of that, outcomes of trials will surely assist to frame a guideline for anoxic administration regimen of aspirin in order to prevent CVD

Comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of some Bauhinia species (Leguminosae) from east coast region of Odisha, India

169-184Bauhinia vahlii has been reported for several medicinal properties, such as tyrosinase inhibitory, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging activities. Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia racemosa also possess anti-diabetic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antihyperlipidemic activities. Therefore, the correct identification of these plants is critically important. The aim was to investigate the comparative morpho-micrometric analysis of 3 species of Bauhinia belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) by using conventional as well as scanning electron microscopy to support species identification. In B. racemosa, epidermal cells are polygonal with anticlinical walls; whereas wavy walled cells are found in B. tomentosa and B. vahlii. Anisocytic stomata are present in B. racemosa, while B. tomentosa shows the presence of paracytic stomata and anomocytic stomata in B. vahlii. Stomatal numbers and stomatal indices were found to be more in B. vahlii than B. tomentosa and B. racemosa. On the other hand, uniseriate, unicellular covering trichomes are found in B. racemosa and B. tomentosa but B. vahlii contains only uniseriate, multicellular covering trichomes. Based on these micromorphological features, a diagnostic key was developed for identification of the particular species which helps a lot in pharmaceutical botany, taxonomy and horticulture, in terms of species identification

Identification and quantification of biological active constituents of Amritarishta, a herbal formulation

Herbal formulations have been used by Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medication for a long time. Amritarishtais one of the herbal formulations that possess various biological activity viz., antioxidant, anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic,antidiabetic, etc. The active constituents include gallic acid, tannic acid, piperine, and quercetin, etc. Ethanolic extract of theformulation was analysed and quantified. Rf (Retardation factor), functional groups and amount of some of the major chemicalconstituents were analysed by TLC, FTIR, LC/MS, HPTLC and HPLC, respectively. LC/MS results reveal the presence ofquercetin, piperine, tannic acid and gallic acid in the formulation. With the help of HPTLC and HPLC, the quantity of 4chemical constituents in the formulation was estimated. This type of study is completely new to herbal research

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic