Cage culture in reservoirs in India (a handbook)

This document is part of a series of 5 technical manuals produced by the Challenge Program Project CP34 “Improved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirs”. The reservoirs of India have a combined surface area of 3.25 million hectares (ha), mostly in the tropical zone, which makes them the country¡¯s most important inland water resource, with huge untapped potential. The prime objective of cage culture discussed here is to rear fingerlings measuring >100 millimetres (mm) in length, especially carp, for stocking reservoirs. The manual discusses various aspects of cage culture from site selection to its economic benefits. (PDF contains 27 pages

Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in Paddy and Cotton: A Case Study in Haryana and Punjab

The study has examined the adoption of IPM practices on cotton in Punjab and on paddy in Haryana and has assessed the impact of key socio-economic and institutional factors on IPM adoption. The Poisson count regression models have been used to analyze technology adoption. The awareness generation about technology through formal crop-specific IPM training provided by the farmers’ field schools has been found extremely effective in wider adoption of IPM in the study areas. Hence, investment in IPM education through these programmes will have long-term beneficial impact. Regarding effectiveness of extension services, the study has not shown (frequency of meeting extension personnel) any statistically significant impact on IPM adoption rates. Mixed evidence has been observed about the relationship between farm-size and adoption of IPM practices. In the case of paddy, a negative relationship has been observed, while the cotton has shown a positive relationship. The study has concluded that a higher gross value of crops does not appear to have a positive impact on IPM technology adoption in cotton.Crop Production/Industries,

Cage culture in reservoirs in India (a handbook)

This document is part of a series of 5 technical manuals produced by the Challenge Program Project CP34 ôImproved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirsö. The reservoirs of India have a combined surface area of 3.25 million hectares (ha), mostly in the tropical zone, which makes them the countryí»s most important inland water resource, with huge untapped potential. The prime objective of cage culture discussed here is to rear fingerlings measuring >100 millimetres (mm) in length, especially carp, for stocking reservoirs. The manual discusses various aspects of cage culture from site selection to its economic benefits.

Enhancing fishery productivity in small reservoir in India: technical manual

This document is part of a series of 5 technical manuals produced by the Challenge Program Project CP34 ôImproved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirsö. Inland capture fisheries in India have declined in recent years, leaving thousands of fishers to sink deeper into poverty. Freshwater aquaculture in small water bodies like ponds now contributes 80% of the countryí»s inland fish production. This manual outlines the use of small reservoir for freshwater aquacultureas a means of providing rural areas with food and livelihoods and protecting aquatic ecosystems, in particular by facilitating the conservation of indigenous fish species.

Substitution of Artemia with Brachionus in different ratios during larval rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and evaluation of their feed efficacy

Larval growth during stage I-VIII was studied in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Duration in moult periodicity were recorded-during larval development period, larvae were fed with Brachionus (grown on Baker's yeast and also Brachinous raised through organic manuring in outdoor culture containers). The performance of the feed was evaluated through substitution of Brachionus in the feeding protocol, in lieu of Artemia 1st instar. The Artemia, Brachionus substitution ratio of 75:25 was found to be most efficient. The study also indicates that the comparative growth rate of Brachionus plicatilis is higher in manure loaded tanks than with Baker's yeast. Growth rate "Y'' in culture tank being 0.245 and 0.112 and corresponding duplicating time (Td) too was found to be 2.855 and 6.365 respectively in tanks manured/enriched with pig manure

On functionally θ-normal spaces

[EN] Characterizations of functionally θ-normal spaces including the one that of Urysohn’s type lemma, are obtained. Interrelations among (functionally) θ-normal spaces and certain generalizations of normal spaces are discussed. It is shown that every almost regular (or mildly normal ≡ k-normal) θ-normal space is functionally θ-normal. Moreover, it is shown that every almost regular weakly θ-normal space is mildly normal. A factorization of functionally θ-normal space is given. A Tietze’s type theorem for weakly functionally θ-normal space is obtained. A variety of situations in mathematical literature wherein the spaces encountered are (functionally) θ-normal but not normal are illustrated.Kohli, J.; Das, A. (2005). On functionally θ-normal spaces. Applied General Topology. 6(1):1-14. doi:10.4995/agt.2005.1960.SWORD1146

A record production from an integrated farming system utilising sewage enriched water

The results of experiments conducted on a pond dyke (655m²) in the Wastewater Aquaculture Division of the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara, during 1992-93 for maximising production through optimum utilisation of resources are communicated. Round the year intensive cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus and A. viridus), water-bind weed (Ipomea aquatica), Indian spinach (Basella rubra), radish (Raphanus sativum), amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), cauliflower (Brassica oleracia var. votrytis), cabbage (Brassica oleracia var. capitota) and papaya (Carica papaya) was undertaken using the treated sewage water from fish ponds for irrigation. The pond dyke yielded 5,626.5 kg vegetable which worked out to 85.9 tons per ha per year. Multiple cropping with these vegetables excluding papaya on a 460 m² dyke recorded a production of 4,926.5 kg at the rate of 107.1t per ha/yr. An improved yearly net return of about 35% over investment could be achieved through the selection of highly productive and pest resistant vegetable crops of longer duration for integration into the system. Introduction of this type of integrated farming would enhance the overall productivity and returns from farming

Utilisation of vegetable leaves for carp production

The results of two sets of experiments on mono-culture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and mixed culture of carps (grass carp 50 : catla 20 : rohu 15 : mrigal 15) fed exclusively with vegetable leaves are reported. The experiments were conducted with two replicates each in 0.02 ha ponds of Wastewater Aquaculture Division of the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara during 1991-93. Monoculture of grass carp stocked at 1000/ha demonstrated an average net production of 21.0 kg/ 0.02 ha/8 months (1501 kg/ha/yr). Mixed culture of carps stocked at 5000 /ha recorded an average net production of 22.5 kg/0.02 ha/8 months (1903.7 kg/ha/yr). Field studies revealed that water bind weed (Ipomoea aquatica) is the most preferred feed of grass carp amongst vegetable leaves followed by amaranths (Amaranthus gangeticus and Amaranthus viridis), cauliflower (Brassica oleracia var. votrytis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracia var. capitata) leaves. Through selection of highly productive leaf vegetables and suitable crop planning on fallow fish pond dykes, round the year feeding programme of grass carp has been explored. Recycling of sewage effluent for vegetable production and utilisation of vegetable leaves for fish production is considered an ideal way of integrated resource management for low cost production

Arsenic level in the surface wastewaters of Kolkata and its implication on sewage-fed fisheries

Arsenic pollution is a major threat in eastern India and Bangladesh. In Kolkata, sewage-fed fishery is a very popular culture. Wastewater of Kolkata city is diluted with freshwater and used in sewage-fed fish ponds. In the present study the arsenic concentration in the surface wastewater from forty-four different places of southern, eastern, western and norther parts of Kolkata was estimated. In fifteen places, the arsenic level was higher than the allowed limit (0.20 mg/l). But the arsenic level in the waters, sediment of fish culture ponds and in fish flesh of sewage-fed fisheries of Kolkata was below the maximum limit. So, till date there is no threat from arsenic pollution to the sewage-fed fisheries of Kolkata

Thermal relaxation in charge ordered Pr0.63_{0.63} Ca0.37_{0.37} MnO3_3 in presence of a magnetic field

We report observation of substantial thermal relaxation in single crystal of charge ordered system Pr$_{0.63}$Ca$_{0.37}$MnO$_3$ in an applied magnetic field of H = 8T. The relaxation is observed when the temperature is scanned in presence of a magnetic field in the temperature interval $T_{MH}<T<T_{CO}$ where $T_{CO}$ is the charge ordering temperature and $T_{MH}$ is charge melting temperature in a field. In this temperature range the system has coexisting charged ordered insulator (COI) and ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) phases. No such relaxation is observed in the COI state in H = 0T or in the FMM phase at $T < T_{MH}$ in presence of a magnetic field. We conclude that the thermal relaxation is due to two coexisting phases with nearly same free energies but separated by a potential barrier. This barrier makes the transformation from one phase to the other time-dependent in the scale of the specific heat experiment and gives rise to the thermal relaxation.Comment: 4 pages LaTEX, 3 eps figure