Phosphorylated Nucleolin Interacts with Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein during Mitosis and with Oct4 during Interphase in ES Cells

BACKGROUND: Reprogramming of somatic cells for derivation of either embryonic stem (ES) cells, by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), or ES-like cells, by induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell procedure, provides potential routes toward non-immunogenic cell replacement therapies. Nucleolar proteins serve as markers for activation of embryonic genes, whose expression is crucial for successful reprogramming. Although Nucleolin (Ncl) is one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins, its interaction partners in ES cells have remained unidentified. METHODOLOGY: Here we explored novel Ncl-interacting proteins using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), colocalization and immunoprecipitation (IP) in ES cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that phosphorylated Ncl (Ncl-P) interacted with translationally controlled tumor protein (Tpt1) in murine ES cells. The Ncl-P/Tpt1 complex peaked during mitosis and was reduced upon retinoic acid induced differentiation, signifying a role in cell proliferation. In addition, we showed that Ncl-P interacted with the transcription factor Oct4 during interphase in human as well as murine ES cells, indicating of a role in transcription. The Ncl-P/Oct4 complex peaked during early stages of spontaneous human ES cell differentiation and may thus be involved in the initial differentiation event(s) of mammalian development. CONCLUSIONS: Here we described two novel protein-protein interactions in ES cells, which give us further insight into the complex network of interacting proteins in pluripotent cells

Towards a new paradigm in market segmentation : A case study of how corporate identity and image are influenced by market segmentation

Abstract The purpose of this report was to study if market segmentation could influence the corporate identity and indirectly the image of a company. The relevance of this purpose was due to a lack of development of the market segmentation theory in a long period of time. There are many authors in this area of research, but not much of a consensus between them. This report therefore delves deeper into one of these market segmentation theories in order to verify the multi-segmentation theory.   During the process of investigation the management of four music festivals were interviewed to see how they use their market segmentation. Several interviews were done with one or more individuals of the organizations. The findings are two-folded. The use of multi-segmentation was proven through the interviews with the festivals. All four festivals used several different market segmentation variables, all focusing greater understanding of the values and personalities of their target group.   The most interesting finding is that from the greater understanding of their customers, the festivals have been able to identify an identity with their target group. Their respective corporate identities have then been build around their target group identities in order to reflect the customers values and believes. This concept of a target group identity may have great impacts on the customers’ perception of the corporate identity and image

Beräkningseffektiv dieselmotormodell för simulering i inbyggda system

Simulating the translatory motion of a vehicle during a gear shift gives a good basis to evaluate performance and comfort of a gear shift. This evaluation can be used for gear shifting strategy in an automatic transmission. A model of a diesel engine and it's electronic control system is developed to capture the engines behaviour in a vehicle simulation environment. The modelled quantities are brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature and are based on engine speed and pedal position. In order to describe these outputs the inlet air flow and boost pressure are also modelled and used as inner variables. The model is intended to be implemented on board a vehicle in a control unit which has limited computational performance. To keep the model as computationally efficient as possible the model basically consists of look-up tables and polynomials. First order systems are used to describe the dynamics of air flow and exhaust temperature. The outputs enables gear shift optimization over three variables, torque for vehicle acceleration, fuel consumption for efficiency and exhaust temperature to maintain high efficiency in the exhaust after treatment system. The engine model captures the low frequent dynamics of the modelled quantities in the closed loop of the engine and it's electronic control system. The model only consists of three states, one for the pressure build up in the intake manifold and two states for modelling the exhaust temperature. The model is compared to measured data from a engine test cell and the mean absolute relative error are lower than 6.8%, 7.8% and 5.8% for brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature respectively. These results are considered good given the simplicity of the model

The economics of patient choice and information in the National Health Service

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Acquired SME:s in the IT-service industry : A multiple case study on firms in Denmark and Sweden

There is a gap in the theory of acquisition, little investigation have been made on the acquired firm within the acquisition process and in service industries. Because of the lack of research in this area, this research is focusing on acquisition theory and how it positions to the acquired firm rather than the firm making the acquisition. Therefore a need to investigate the acquisition theory on acquired firms on SME: s in the IT-service industry is interesting. To do so, three case studies have been made on three firms that have been acquired. The empirical results from the case studies have shown how the relationship between the parent company and the subsidiary has differences. The company culture and the relationship to the parent firm differs if the parent firm is foreign or not; and if the acquisition process is mutual between two firms rather than a market extension acquisition. By analyzing the data of this research the study show that the previous theories of acquisition are adaptable to implement on firms that have been acquired on SME:s in the IT-service industry.

Datum Date

Linköpings tekniska högskol

Molecular cloning of human apolipoprotein B cDNA.

In this paper we describe the isolation of cDNA clones which code for parts of apolipoprotein B (apoB). The clones were obtained by immunoscreening of an expression library (lambda gt 11) derived from a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). The relationship between positive clones and apoB was established with immunochemical techniques using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies. Recombinants, expressing nonoverlapping regions of apoB are described, all hybridizing with a very large mRNA (approximately 20,000 bases long). The nucleotide sequence obtained predicts a primary protein structure with a composition suitable for the formation of stretches of an amphipatic alpha-helix

Subcellular localisation of the middle and large T-antigens of polyoma virus.

The distribution of two of the polyoma virus early proteins (the large and middle T-antigens) in lytically infected mouse cells and transformed rat cells has been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy using well-characterised monoclonal antibodies. By these techniques, the viral large T-antigen was found almost exclusively in the nucleus, sometimes in association with nuclear pores, but never in the nucleolus. In lytically infected, but not transformed cells, fluorescence was detected in discrete areas ('hot spots') within the nucleus and, in a minor population of lytically infected cells, cytoplasmic immunoreactive material was observed. The viral middle T-antigen was found in association with most cytoplasmic membranes and in the majority of cells mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Only a fraction of the staining was observed in the plasma membrane and no staining in the nucleoplasm was observed. The data suggest that the site of action of the major transforming activity of polyoma virus need not be at the plasma membrane. Functions associated with the viral antigens are discussed in terms of their subcellular distributions within cells