Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits

Funder: H2020 European Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663Funder: Research Foundation FlandersFunder: Universiteit Gent; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004385Funder: Marguerite-Marie DelacroixFunder: Autistica; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011706Funder: Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004472; Grant(s): NHS14-1802:1Funder: K.F. Hein FondsFunder: Scott Family Junior Research FellowshipAbstract: Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years

In-hospital mortality and coronary procedure use for individuals with dementia with acute myocardial infarction in the United States.

OBJECTIVES: To determine in-hospital mortality differences in individuals with dementia and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when using invasive coronary procedures. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals admitted with a primary diagnosis of AMI (N = 631,734) to 1,045 hospitals in 44 states during 2009. MEASUREMENTS: Dementia status and procedural use of diagnostic catheterization, percutaneous intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) as indicated by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Using multivariable analysis adjusted for covariates, associations were made between coronary procedural use in individuals with dementia and in-hospital mortality. Additional multivariable analysis identified the association between utilization of coronary procedures and in-hospital mortality in AMI patients with dementia. RESULTS: Dementia diagnosis (n = 15,335) was associated with greater likelihood of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.29, P < .001) and less use of diagnostic catheterization (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.35-0.40, P < .001), PCI (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.35-0.40, P < .001), and CABG (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.16-0.22, P < .001). There was less likelihood of in-hospital mortality in participants with dementia who received diagnostic catheterization (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16-0.78, P < .001), PCI (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.47-0.70, P < .001), or CABG (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.08-0.56, P < .001) than in those not receiving respective interventions. CONCLUSION: Dementia is a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality for hospitalized individuals with AMI and is associated with less use of invasive coronary procedures. Beyond differing care patterns for individuals with AMI and dementia, these results indicate that individuals with dementia are at substantially greater risk for in-hospital mortality when they do not receive procedural interventions

In-hospital mortality and coronary procedure use for individuals with dementia with acute myocardial infarction in the United States.

ObjectivesTo determine in-hospital mortality differences in individuals with dementia and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when using invasive coronary procedures.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample.ParticipantsIndividuals admitted with a primary diagnosis of AMI (N = 631,734) to 1,045 hospitals in 44 states during 2009.MeasurementsDementia status and procedural use of diagnostic catheterization, percutaneous intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) as indicated by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Using multivariable analysis adjusted for covariates, associations were made between coronary procedural use in individuals with dementia and in-hospital mortality. Additional multivariable analysis identified the association between utilization of coronary procedures and in-hospital mortality in AMI patients with dementia.ResultsDementia diagnosis (n = 15,335) was associated with greater likelihood of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.29, P < .001) and less use of diagnostic catheterization (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.35-0.40, P < .001), PCI (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.35-0.40, P < .001), and CABG (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.16-0.22, P < .001). There was less likelihood of in-hospital mortality in participants with dementia who received diagnostic catheterization (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16-0.78, P < .001), PCI (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.47-0.70, P < .001), or CABG (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.08-0.56, P < .001) than in those not receiving respective interventions.ConclusionDementia is a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality for hospitalized individuals with AMI and is associated with less use of invasive coronary procedures. Beyond differing care patterns for individuals with AMI and dementia, these results indicate that individuals with dementia are at substantially greater risk for in-hospital mortality when they do not receive procedural interventions

Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits

Funder: H2020 European Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663Funder: Research Foundation FlandersFunder: Universiteit Gent; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004385Funder: Marguerite-Marie DelacroixFunder: Autistica; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011706Funder: Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004472; Grant(s): NHS14-1802:1Funder: K.F. Hein FondsFunder: Scott Family Junior Research FellowshipAbstract: Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years

Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits

Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years