3,739 research outputs found
Cosmological perturbations and noncommutative tachyon inflation
The motivation for studying the rolling tachyon and non-commutative inflation
comes from string theory. In the tachyon inflation scenario, metric
perturbations are created by tachyon field fluctuations during inflation. We
drive the exact mode equation for scalar perturbation of the metric and
investigate the cosmological perturbations in the commutative and
non-commutative inflationary spacetime driven by the tachyon field which have a
Born-Infeld Lagrangian.Comment: 6 two-column pages, no figur
The CP-violating asymmetry in \eta\to\pi^+ \pi^- e^+e^-
We study the CP-violating asymmetry {\cal A}_{\rm CP}, which arises, in
\eta\to\pi^+\pi^- e^+e^-, from the angular correlation of the e^+ e^- and
\pi^+\pi^- planes due to the interference between the magnetic and electric
decay amplitudes. With the phenomenologically determined magnetic amplitude and
branching ratio as input, the asymmetry, induced by the electric bremsstrahlung
amplitude through the CP-violating decay \eta\to\pi^+\pi^-, and by an
unconventional tensor type operator, has been estimated respectively. The upper
bound of {\cal A}_{\rm CP} from the former is about 10^{-3}, and the asymmetry
from the latter might be up to O(10^{-2}). One can therefore expect that this
CP asymmetry would be an interesting CP-violating observable for the future
precise measurements in the \eta factories.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages. One reference corrected, and some new references
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Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Jaws: An Updated Review of the Literature and Report of 2 New Cases Affecting the Mandible
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath neoplasms composed almost entirely of
Schwann cells. These tumors most often arise in the soft tissues of the head and neck.
However, seldom do they occur within bone. This article presents a rare case of a
recurrent intraosseous schwannoma of the anterior mandible and another case of a
posterior intraosseous mandibular schwannoma accessed via a sagittal split ramus
osteotomy. Furthermore, we provide an updated review of the literature on intraosseous
schwannomas affecting the mandible and maxilla
Type-1.5 Superconductors
We demonstrate the existence of a novel superconducting state in high quality
two-component MgB2 single crystalline superconductors where a unique
combination of both type-1 (kappa_1 0.707)
superconductor conditions is realized for the two components of the order
parameter. This condition leads to a vortex-vortex interaction attractive at
long distances and repulsive at short distances, which stabilizes
unconventional stripe- and gossamer-like vortex patterns that we have
visualized in this type-1.5 superconductor using Bitter decoration and also
reproduced in numerical simulations.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Synthesis and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on sulphonated polyamideimide and silica
The preparation of hybrid organic–inorganic
membrane materials based on a sulphonated polyamideimide
resin and silica filler has been studied. The method
allows the sol–gel process to proceed in the presence of a
high molecular weight polyamideimide, resulting in well
dispersed silica nanoparticles (<50 nm) within the polymer
matrix with chemical bonding between the organic and
inorganic phases. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as
the silica precursor and the organosilicate networks were
bonded to the polymer matrix via a coupling agent
aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTrEOS). The structure and
properties of these hybrid materials were characterized via a
range of techniques including FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM and
contact angle analysis. It was found that the compatibility
between organic and inorganic phases has been greatly
enhanced by the incorporation of APTrEOS. The thermal
stability and hydrophilic properties of hybrid materials have
also been significantly improved
Post-Translational Modification Biology of Glutamate Receptors and Drug Addiction
Post-translational covalent modifications of glutamate receptors remain a hot topic. Early studies have established that this family of receptors, including almost all ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes, undergoes active phosphorylation at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues in their intracellular domains. Recent evidence identifies several glutamate receptor subtypes to be direct substrates for palmitoylation at cysteine residues. Other modifications such as ubiquitination and sumoylation at lysine residues also occur to certain glutamate receptors. These modifications are dynamic and reversible in nature and are regulatable by changing synaptic inputs. The regulated modifications significantly impact the receptor in many ways, including interrelated changes in biochemistry (synthesis, subunit assembling, and protein–protein interactions), subcellular redistribution (trafficking, endocytosis, synaptic delivery, and clustering), and physiology, usually associated with changes in synaptic plasticity. Glutamate receptors are enriched in the striatum and cooperate closely with dopamine to regulate striatal signaling. Emerging evidence shows that modification processes of striatal glutamate receptors are sensitive to addictive drugs, such as psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamine). Altered modifications are believed to be directly linked to enduring receptor/synaptic plasticity and drug-seeking. This review summarizes several major types of modifications of glutamate receptors and analyzes the role of these modifications in striatal signaling and in the pathogenesis of psychostimulant addiction
The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis
Vetiver oil, produced on a multiton‐scale from the roots of vetiver grass, is one of the finest and most popular perfumery materials, appearing in over a third of all fragrances. It is a complex mixture of hundreds of molecules and the specific odorant, responsible for its characteristic suave and sweet transparent, woody‐ambery smell, has remained a mystery until today. Herein, we prove by an eleven‐step chemical synthesis, employing a novel asymmetric organocatalytic Mukaiyama–Michael addition, that (+)‐2‐epi‐ziza‐6(13)en‐3‐one is the active smelling principle of vetiver oil. Its olfactory evaluation reveals a remarkable odor threshold of 29 picograms per liter air, responsible for the special sensuous aura it lends to perfumes and the quasi‐pheromone‐like effect it has on perfumers and consumers alike
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