Predictors of late presentation for obstetric fistula repair in Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria

Late presentation is a challenge to reducing the backlog of obstetric fistulas. We aimed to identify characteristics of women presenting late for repair in order to improve patient recruitment. It was a cross-sectional comparative study. Data was collected from the women and the hospital notes using proforma and analysed using SPSS. Associations between categorical variables were determined using Chi-square. Predictors of late presentation were determined using logistic regression. A P-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. The mean time of presentation was 42.3 months. Late presentation was significantly associated with age >35 years, parity < 3, not having a spouse, and trauma. On logistic regression, women aged 35 years and above were five times more likely to present late compared with younger ones (AOR= 5.192, 95%CI 1.839-14.660, P=0.002), while women with parity >3 were five times less likely to present late compared with those <3 (AOR= 0.208, 95%CI 0.073-0.587, P=0.003). In conclusion, most patients presented late. Although age, parity, having a spouse, and aetiology were associated with time of presentation, age >35 years and parity < 3 were the significant predictors of late presentation. Recruitment for early repair should be a priority area of the national policy for the elimination of obstetric fistula.   La présentation tardive est un défi pour réduire l'arriéré des fistules obstétricales. Nous avons cherché à identifier caractéristiques des femmes se présentant tardivement pour réparation afin d'améliorer le recrutement des patientes. Il s'agissait d'une étude comparative transversale. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des femmes et des notes d'hôpital à l'aide de formulaires proforma. et analysés à l'aide de SPSS. Les associations entre les variables catégorielles ont été déterminées à l'aide du Chi carré. Les prédicteurs de présentation tardive ont été déterminés à l'aide de la régression logistique. Une valeur p de <0,05 était statistiquement significatif. Le délai moyen de présentation était de 42,3 mois. La présentation tardive était significativement associé à l'âge > 35 ans, la parité < 3, l'absence de conjoint et un traumatisme. En régression logistique, les femmes âgés de 35 ans et plus étaient cinq fois plus susceptibles de se présenter tardivement que les plus jeunes (AOR = 5,192, IC à 95 % 1,839-14,660, P=0,002), tandis que les femmes avec une parité >3 étaient cinq fois moins susceptibles de présenter en retard par rapport à ceux <3 (AOR = 0,208, IC à 95 % 0,073-0,587, P = 0,003). En conclusion, la plupart des patients présenté tardivement. Bien que l'âge, la parité, le fait d'avoir un conjoint et l'étiologie soient associés au temps de la présentation, l'âge > 35 ans et la parité < 3 étaient les prédicteurs significatifs de la présentation tardive. Recrutement la réparation précoce devrait être un domaine prioritaire de la politique nationale d'élimination de la fistule obstétricale

Hybrid effect of an in situ multilayer Zn–ZnO–Cr2O3 electrodeposited nanocomposite coatings for extended application

Multifunctional composite coatings of Z

Design and Construction Of Extension Box and Wiring Of Lighting Points: (Students’ Work Experience Programme, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria)

The students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is part of effort geared towards promoting practical application of acquired theoretical knowledge so as to develop students’ innovative and creative abilities as well as skills relevant to their chosen career. During the 2012/2013 SWEP activities, students were given practical exposure in key aspects of engineering such as mechanical, civil and electrical. This report clearly describes the electrical activities carried out during the 2012/2013 Students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) undertaken at Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Electrical activities undertaken include: construction of extension boxes and wiring of lighting points in series and parallel using 2.5 mm flexible wire, 2.5mm3 core-cable, sockets, 3×6 mm pattress boxes, 13amps plug , 13 and 15 amp fuse,Junction boxes, etc.Performance evaluations of the developed materials were carried out with electric current flowing through the extension boxes when powered. Also, wires connected in parallel produces very bright illumination because the voltage is the same and not shared but the current varies hence, when one lamp goes off , others are not affected unlike series connection in which the same current flows and the voltage is divided between the lamps producing very dull illumination. Also, when one lamp goes off, all the lamps are put off as well because the current is broken

Data on the effect of current density relationship on the super-alloy composite coating by electrolytic route

In thiswork,adetaileffectofnanoparticleloadingandimproved process parameteronthesynthesisofmodified Zn-TiO2 electrocodeposited nanocompositecoatingwaspresented.Thecoatings wereperformedatconstanttimeof20minuteatastirringrateof 400rpmattemperatureof70 °C. Theeffectofparticleloadingand inputcurrentonthepropertiesoftheelectrocodepositedNano- composite wasstudied.Theco-depositionwascarriedoutata current intervalbetween1.0and1.5Aforthecoatingperiod.The basis ofbathformulationasitquantitativelyandqualitatively affects thecoatingsystemwasputintoconsideration.Hence,the electrocodeposition dataforthecoatingpropertiesandcoatingper unit areawereattained.Also,theeffectofannealingheattreatment on thehardnesspropertiesofthenanocompositecoatingswas carried out.Theannealingtemperatureusedwas250 °C soasto ascertain thethermalstabilityofthecoatingsandtoachieve homogenisation ofthecoatingsystem.Theweightgainedunder difference coatingconditionwereattainedandcouldbeapplied using modified Zn-TiO2 electrocodepositednanocompositecoat- ings asaneffectiveandsafealternativecoatingtochromiumand other harmfulcoatings

Anthropometry as ergonomic consideration for hospital bed design in Nigeria

The aim of this research is to study selected health care workstations to establish the current practices with reference to the use of anthropometry. Also to re-design the work station, if necessary, in order to improve productivity, health safety and comfort of the patients and staffs using the work stations. Anthropometric dimensions of the patients in the examined health care system were used to design intensive care unit bed (ICU) and medical/surgical bed which can accommodate 5% - 95% of patients male and female. The work stations were examined and analyzed under the combination of different anthropometric parameters. The analysis of the results indicates some deficiencies in the design of the workstations based on the design parameters and standard values from the literatures. Based on the analysis of these results the patients and their care givers may likely be exposed to back pain, fatigue, poor blood circulation and other related diseases. For demonstration of the application of the extreme design approach, a hospital bed work station (health care system) has been re-designed as a real case. It is hope that the new design will contribute to improvement in productivity, health safety and comfort of the patients and staffs using the workstations. In the proposed extreme design approach, I suggest to every health care organization operating, before any decision on making or buying equipment, industrial engineers are to be consulted depending on the design factor, for proper guidance. Anthropometric dimensions of the workers should also be considered for any category of hospital bed design

Correlation of Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data Using Neural Network for Hydrocarbon Ternary System (Ethane-n-Pentane-n-Hexane)

Abstract Correlation of vapour-liquid equilibrium data for hydrocarbon ternary system (ethane-n-pentane-n-heptane) is very useful in the design decision of separation process equipment such as separation columns, extractors etc. The tool used for the correlation is MATLAB: a very reliable software with adequate neural network conditions such as multi-layer feed forward, back propagation etc. A comprehensive Artificial Neural Network (A N N) training and simulation model and list of pre-existing vapour-liquid equilibrium data for ethane-n-pentane-nheptane system was employed for this work. Neural network was trained in MATLAB 7.10.0 environment.Several iterations were carried out on the ternary system until the performance goal was met. From the analysis of the output result, regression and iteration graphs when compared with experimental data, artificial neural network offered very small deviation from the target. This confirms conclusively that artificial neural network is a consistent and reliable tool for predicting the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium for binary, ternary and quaternary system. The knowledge of correlation also establishes the basic background required for the understanding of the vapour-liquid phase behaviour of ternary systems which forms the basis of calculations of distillation, extraction and absorption processes etc. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: artificial neural network, back propagation, correlation, matlab, simulation model ternary system. INTRODUCTION The composition of vapour and liquid equilibrium phases is very important for calculations involving distillation, extraction and absorption processes which find useful application in the chemical process industry, petroleum and refining industries. Complete vapour-liquid equilibrium data for ternary systems are rare in the literature and quaternary data are practically non-existent. When designers need such information, they frequently attempt to predict the ternary or quaternary system from binary data by means of thermodynamics equation. Artificial Neural Network: a machine learning algorithm offers a more reliable and consistent means of correlating vapourliquid equilibrium data for both ternary and quaternary systems. This is however done by training neural network using pre-existing vapourliquid equilibrium, correlating and predicting the vapour-liquid equilibrium, comparing correlated and predicted values with pre-existing data and carrying out validity test to check for network efficiency

Design and Construction Of Extension Box and Wiring Of Lighting Points: (Students’ Work Experience Programme, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeri

The students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is part of effort geared towards promoting practical application of acquired theoretical knowledge so as to develop students’ innovative and creative abilities as well as skills relevant to the ir chosen career. During the 2012/2013 SWEP activities, students were given practical exposure in key aspects of engineering such as me chanical, civil and electrical. This report clearly describes the electrical activities carried out during the 2012/2013 Students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) undertaken at Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Electrical activities undertaken include: constru ction of extension boxes and wiring of lighting points in series and parallel using 2.5 mm flexible wire, 2.5mm3 core - cable, sockets, 3×6 mm pattress boxes, 13amps plug , 13 and 15 amp fuse,Junction boxes, etc.Performance evaluations of the developed materials were carried out with electric current flowing through the extension boxes when powered. Also, wires connected in parallel produces very bright illumination because the voltage is the same and not shared but the current varies hence, when one lamp goes off , others are not affected unlike series connection in which the same current flows and the voltage is divided between the lamps producing very dull illumination. Also, when one lamp goes off, all the lamps are put off as well because the current is broke

Design and Construction Of Extension Box and Wiring Of Lighting Points: (Students’ Work Experience Programme, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria)

The students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is part of effort geared towards promoting practical application of acquired theoretical knowledge so as to develop students’ innovative and creative abilities as well as skills relevant to their chosen career. During the 2012/2013 SWEP activities, students were given practical exposure in key aspects of engineering such as mechanical, civil and electrical. This report clearly describes the electrical activities carried out during the 2012/2013 Students’ Work Experience Programme (SWEP) undertaken at Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Electrical activities undertaken include: construction of extension boxes and wiring of lighting points in series and parallel using 2.5 mm flexible wire, 2.5mm3 core-cable, sockets, 3×6 mm pattress boxes, 13amps plug , 13 and 15 amp fuse,Junction boxes, etc.Performance evaluations of the developed materials were carried out with electric current flowing through the extension boxes when powered. Also, wires connected in parallel produces very bright illumination because the voltage is the same and not shared but the current varies hence, when one lamp goes off , others are not affected unlike series connection in which the same current flows and the voltage is divided between the lamps producing very dull illumination. Also, when one lamp goes off, all the lamps are put off as well because the current is broken

Design of a Processor for the Production of 30,000 Tons of Caustic Potash per Anum from Cocoa Pod Husk

A caustic potash processor capable of processing 30, 000 tons of caustic potash per anum from cocoa pod husk was designed. It essentially consist of storage tank, fluidized bed dryer, rotary dryer operating at a temperature of 110 0 C for drying the feed, roll crusher which reduces the husks into smaller sizes and a furnace operated an elevated temperature to ensure proper ashing. The processor also consists of a reactor where leaching: the major process involved in the production of caustic potash from cocoa pod husk takes place. The reactor is lagged and heated internally after which an evaporator fired by a boiler is employed to concentrate the KOH solution. The water vapour leaving the evaporator condenses in the condenser and is recycled to the boiler. A detailed energy and material balance as well as analysis of process control system and instrumentation was also carried out to keep process variable within known safe operating limits in order to achieve the designed production rate and maintain the caustic potash within the desired specification at an optimal production cost