Al MAWARDI’S THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE HOLY PROPHETIC ADMINISTRATIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL ENTITIES

The role of governors in international politics has been a subject of debate and political theories since the birth of political entities. The modern governor is a leader who leads the people and manages regional affairs. The Islamic polity was developed by the Holy Prophet (SAW), and later on was further consolidated by Khulafa e Rashideen. Governors were not only governors but also administrators, taxation officials, judges, and managers. The power delegated to governors by the central authority was tight, and they were held accountable. Governors violating precedents, set laws, or codes of conduct were punished. The most important tasks included theological leadership and military recruitment, including fiscal issues. Piety was the first requisite for a provincial Amir or Wali to continue working on the same post. Appointments made by the Holy Prophet (SAW) provided detailed guidelines for the coming generations, clarifying the functions and authorities of provincial governors. This research paper aims to analyze different dimensions and various aspects of administration during the Prophetic era

Modeling the Role of Maternal Care in the Educational and Health Development of the Children

Mothers play different roles in their family which has an effect on  health and well being of all members of the family specially on children. Almost in all different societies around the world, they have been assigned to be primary care-givers to infants and children. The present study investigates the relationship of maternal care and its effects on the educational performance and health of children in Pakistan from a statistical perspective. The modeling and significance has been established by measures of association and automated linear regression

Domestic Violence against Women: Statistical Analysis and Legislative Solutions

Violence against women contains many facets and beating wives is one of the most prevalent in Pakistan. The issue has been justified on state and private social level based upon religious and social arguments. Women empowerment and equal protection before law is guaranteed on both constitutional and legislative levels but effective implementation of these laws to gain equal living standards to wives is still a far cry. This paper aims to study the issue at different levels. It will define the domain of issue by statistical analysis based upon data provided by United Nation Global Data Base on violence against women and will probe into factors hindering the enforcement of state aspirations to protect women from violence at family level

Domestic Violence against Women: Statistical Analysis and Legislative Solutions

Violence against women contains many facets and beating wives is one of the most prevalent in Pakistan. The issue has been justified on state and private social level based upon religious and social arguments. Women empowerment and equal protection before law is guaranteed on both constitutional and legislative levels but effective implementation of these laws to gain equal living standards to wives is still a far cry. This paper aims to study the issue at different levels. It will define the domain of issue by statistical analysis based upon data provided by United Nation Global Data Base on violence against women and will probe into factors hindering the enforcement of state aspirations to protect women from violence at family level

Table Structure Extraction with Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit Networks

Tables present summarized and structured information to the reader, which makes table structure extraction an important part of document understanding applications. However, table structure identification is a hard problem not only because of the large variation in the table layouts and styles, but also owing to the variations in the page layouts and the noise contamination levels. A lot of research has been done to identify table structure, most of which is based on applying heuristics with the aid of optical character recognition (OCR) to hand pick layout features of the tables. These methods fail to generalize well because of the variations in the table layouts and the errors generated by OCR. In this paper, we have proposed a robust deep learning based approach to extract rows and columns from a detected table in document images with a high precision. In the proposed solution, the table images are first pre-processed and then fed to a bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) followed by a fully-connected layer with soft max activation. The network scans the images from top-to-bottom as well as left-to-right and classifies each input as either a row-separator or a column-separator. We have benchmarked our system on publicly available UNLV as well as ICDAR 2013 datasets on which it outperformed the state-of-the-art table structure extraction systems by a significant margin.Comment: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) 2019, Sydney, Australi

Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Strategies of Herbal Medicine for Acute Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal problem characterized by loose watery stool and mild to severe dehydration. Annually, about 1.7–5 billion new cases of diarrhea were reported. In developing countries, it is more common, where young kids have diarrhea approximately three times/year. In 2013, 1.26 million deaths occurred due to diarrhea, whereas in 1990, the figure was slightly higher (2.58 million). In 2012, diarrhea was the second most common reason of death (11%, n = 0.76 million) in children less than 5 years. Although various synthetic drugs are being prescribed as standard therapy for diarrhea, they have side effects. It is possible to prescribe the herbal medicine for diarrhea, which is safe and effective. In this study, medicinal plants discussed are proven to be scientifically active in diarrheal diseases. This study reviews about current medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea. The use of medicinal plants for diarrhea results in improvement of the symptom. Moreover, studies on large scale are needed to characterize the beneficial role of medicinal plants in the treatment of diarrhea

Relationship between gaming disorder across various dimensions among PUBG players: a machine learning-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundPlayerUnknown’s battlegrounds (PUBG), a widely played multiplayer online game, has sparked interest and concern regarding its impact on players. This study explored the relationship between factors such as cultivation level, motivation, religious engagement, gaming disorder, and addiction among PUBG players.MethodsThis study employed a convenience sampling technique to select a sample of 500 PUBG players. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to identify the primary factors contributing to the level of cultivation.ResultsMale participants exhibited a higher level of cultivation than their female counterparts did. According to the ANN model, gaming disorder exhibited the greatest normalized importance, with a value of 100%. This was followed by the religious level, which had a normalized importance of 54.6%. Additionally, motivation level and gaming addiction demonstrated normalized importance values of 47.6 and 44.4%, respectively. This study revealed a statistically significant correlation between engaging in PUBG and the cultivation effect observed among respondents.ConclusionThis study highlights several noteworthy factors, including gaming disorder, religious affiliation, motivation level, and gaming addiction. These factors offer valuable insights into understanding gaming behavior and devising effective interventions

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. In addition, this work was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. The authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Metasurface-based wideband MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems

This paper presents a metasurface based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a wideband operation for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems. The antenna system consists of four elements placed with a 90 degree shift in order to achieve a compact MIMO system while a 2× 2 non-uniform metasurface (total four elements) is placed at the back of the MIMO configuration to improve the radiation characteristics of it. The overall size of the MIMO antenna is 24× 24 mm2 while the operational bandwidth of the proposed antenna system ranges from 23.5-29.4 GHz. The peak gain achieved by the proposed MIMO antenna is almost 7dB which is further improved up to 10.44 dB by employing a 2× 2 metasurface. The total efficiency is also observed more than 80% across the operating band. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are analyzed which demonstrate good characteristics. All the simulations of the proposed design are carried out in computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one which make it a potential contender for the upcoming 5G communication systems.This work was supported in part by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538, and in part by the the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE) under Grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31