The place of affect, the affect for the place : what do the elderly say?

Este estudo investigou os lugares favoritos, os lugares evitados e os afetos a eles relacionados como exemplos de estratégias de regulação das emoções. Um total de 340 participantes (169 homens e 171 mulheres), com idades entre 60 e 90 anos, residentes em Brasília e Natal, responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, indicando os lugares favoritos quando se sentem alegres e quando não se sentem alegres, os lugares evitados e as razões para tais escolhas. Os resultados apontam preferência por ambientes facilitadores de interação social quando se sentem alegres e, em seguida, a sua própria casa. Essas preferências se invertem, quando não se sentem alegres, sendo indicado também que lugares agitados e cheios de estimulação são evitados. Foram encontradas mais similaridades do que diferenças quanto ao local de residência e poucas diferenças quanto ao gênero. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da perspectiva do curso de vida, bem como da influência recíproca pessoa versus ambiente. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study investigated the favorite and the avoided places, as well as the affects related to them as examples of environmental strategies of emotional regulation. A total of 340 participants (169 male and 171 female), between 60 to 90 years old, living in two Brazilian capitals, Brasília and Natal, responded individually to a semi-structured interview about their favorite places when they are happy and unhappy, the places they avoid and the reasons for these choices. The results point out to preferences, when they are happy, for environments that allow for social interaction and, next, for their own homes. When the respondents are not happy, the order of those preferences is reverse, and they refer also to places that are agitated and full of stimulation as avoided. It was found more similarities than differences with respect to place of residence, and few differences regarding to gender. Results are discussed in terms of the lifespan perspective as well as the reciprocal influence between person versus environment

Epidemiological profile of hypertensives in the elderly in Brazil: an integrative review

The increase in the elderly population has direct consequences on public health systems, since old age is more closely linked to pathological conditions that compromise some systems, such as the vascular system, for example. Thus, with aging, the individual is susceptible to more morbidities such as hypertension, which is highlighted as a risk factor for quality of life and decline in cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of hypertensive and elderly patients enrolled in the Hiperdia program and residents of Brazilian states. Its association with the main risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle and overweight were analyzed. This is an integrative review of the literature, composed of publications related to the years 2012 to May 2016, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, indexed from theVirtual Health Library portal, VHL, in the following databases:LILACS; BDENF, MEDLINE and SCIELO. Hypertension is common in the elderly and its prevalence is increased by aging, thus conditioning the morbidity and mortality of this population. Among the major risk factors found in research and studies are the high waist circumference, overweight and often the consumption of saturated fats. In addition to these, there is the habit of smoking, drinking alcohol and doing irregular exercise. It should be noted that most studies suggest that older women are the most impaired public. Finally, the Hiperdia program is decisive for improving the quality of life, since it regulates medical care and provides both control and signals for problems that may occur within theassisted population and must be from the society and the state and efforts to improve this program.O aumento da população idosa tem consequências diretas sobre os sistemas de saúde pública, uma vez que a velhice está mais intimamente ligada a condições patológicas que comprometem alguns sistemas, como o sistema vascular, por exemplo. Assim, com o envelhecimento, o indivíduo é suscetível a mais morbidades como a hipertensão, que é destacada como fator de risco para a qualidade de vida e declínio na função cognitiva. Por isso, realizou-se este estudo cujo objetivo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes hipertensos e idosos matriculados no programa Hiperdia e residentes em estados do Brasil. Foi analisada sua associação com os principais fatores de risco como o tabagismo, o sedentarismo e o excesso de peso. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, composta por publicações relativas aos anos de 2012 a maio de 2016, em português, inglês ou espanhol, indexadas do portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, BVS, nos seguintes bancos de dados: LILACS; BDENF, MEDLINE e SciELO. A hipertensão é comum nos idosos e tem a sua prevalência aumentada pelo envelhecimento, condicionando assim a morbidade e a mortalidade desta população. Entre os principais fatores de risco encontrados em pesquisa e estudos estão a alta circunferência da cintura, o excesso de peso e, muitas vezes, o consumo de gorduras saturadas. Além destes, estão o hábito de fumar, beber álcool e fazer exercício de forma irregular. Cabe citar que a maioria dos estudos sugere que as mulheres mais velhas são o público mais danificado. Finalmente, o programa Hiperdia é decisivo para melhorar a qualidade de vida, pois faz a regulamentação do atendimento médico e fornece tanto controle quanto sinais para problemas que podem ocorrer dentro da população assistida e deve haver de parte da sociedade e do estado e esforço para aprimorar este programa

Carcinoma tubulopapilar em gata: Relato de caso

Tumores de mama em gatas correspondem ao terceiro lugar na casuística dos tumores diagnosticados nesta espécie. Cerca de metade dos tumores mamários de cães são malignos, já em felinos, as chances chegam a 90%, o que torna imprescindível um exame detalhado da cadeia mamária, principalmente em casos de animais submetidos a mastectomia simples, com histórico pretérito de tumoração. O estudo terá como objetivo analisar os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos em um caso de carcinoma tubulopapilar em uma gata, sem raça definida, 9 anos de idade, de pelagem cor branca, castrada. O animal deu entrada no Hospital Veterinário, no município de Bayeux, Paraíba, com histórico de nodulação em mama abdominal esquerda e aumento de volume circunscrito de aspecto cístico no subcutâneo em região vizinha. A punção do cisto subcutâneo revelou grande volume de líquido com aspecto viscoso, de coloração amarelo-claro, o qual foi centrifugado e preparado em lâminas coradas com panótico rápido para a análise citológica. O estudo anatomopatológico propõe construir informações da histogênese desse tumor assim como a sua morfologia e desse modo contribuir para a clínica oncológica de felinos no que se refere ao estadiamento dos tumores e o aumento da sobrevida do paciente

Breakpoints for the Classification of Anti-Candida Compounds in Antifungal Screening

Introduction. The absence of a standardized classification scheme for the antifungal potency of compounds screened against Candida species may hinder the study of new drugs. This systematic review proposes a scheme of interpretative breakpoints for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bioactive compounds against Candida species in in vitro tests. Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and SciFinder databases for the period from January 2015 to April 2020. The following inclusion criterion was used: organic compounds tested by the microdilution technique according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol against reference strains of the genus Candida. A total of 545 articles were retrieved after removing duplicates. Of these, 106 articles were selected after applying the exclusion criteria and were evaluated according to the number of synthesized molecules and their chemical classes, the type of strain (reference or clinical) used in the antifungal test, the Candida species, and the MIC (in μg/mL) used. Results. The analysis was performed based on the median, quartiles (25% and 75%), maximum, and minimum values of four groups: all strains, ATCC strains, C. albicans strains, and C. albicans ATCC strains. The following breakpoints were proposed to define the categories: MIC2000 μg/mL (no bioactivity). Conclusions. A classification scheme of the antifungal potency of compounds against Candida species is proposed that can be used to identify the antifungal potential of new drug candidates

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of chloroquine and artemisinin-based combination therapy with primaquine

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-13T16:57:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pharmacokinetics.pdf: 4762495 bytes, checksum: bf79584ac633b8db094ea9acfd3ce854 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-13T17:04:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pharmacokinetics.pdf: 4762495 bytes, checksum: bf79584ac633b8db094ea9acfd3ce854 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-13T17:04:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pharmacokinetics.pdf: 4762495 bytes, checksum: bf79584ac633b8db094ea9acfd3ce854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Liver-pool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.Liver-pool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rondonia (CEPEM). Porto Velho, RO, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Rondonia. Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Fundação de Medicina Tropical Medicine Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Medicine Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical Medicine Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde. Laboratório de Farmacocinética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde. Laboratório de Farmacocinética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde. Laboratório de Farmacocinética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Liver-pool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.Liver-pool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.Background: Activation of hypnozoites of vivax malaria causes multiple clinical relapses, which contribute to the Plasmodium vivax burden and continuing transmission. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is effective against blood-stage P. vivax but requires co-administration with primaquine to achieve radical cure. The therapeutic efficacy of primaquine depends on the generation of a therapeutically active metabolite via cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Impaired CYP2D6 metabolism has been associated with primaquine treatment failure. This study investigated the association between impaired CYP2D6 genotypes, drug-exposure to the long-acting ACT component (schizonticidal drugs) and tolerance and efficacy. Methods: Adult patients with acute vivax malaria were enrolled in a recently completed trial and treated with artesunate–mefloquine, chloroquine or artemether–lumefantrine. All received concomitant primaquine (0.5 mg/kg/day for 7–9 days). The association between efficacy and safety and drug exposure was explored using area-under-the-curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2) estimates obtained by non-compartmental analysis of the long half-life drugs. Parasite recurrences by day 63 were categorized as related relapses or re-infections/unrelated hypnozoite activation by genotyping three microsatellite loci and two polymorphic loci of merozoite surface antigen-1. The CYP2D6 genotype was identified with Taqman assays by real-time PCR to 9 polymorphisms (8 SNPs and one deletion). Impaired CYP2D6 activity was inferred using the Activity Score System. Results: Most recurrences in the ASMQ (67%), CQ (80%) and AL (85%) groups were considered related relapses. Eight of nine (88.9%) of the patients with impaired CYP2D6 activity relapsed with related parasite compared to 18/25 (72%) with normal activity (RR = 1.23, 0.88; 1.72, p = 0.40). There were no associations between the measured PK parameters and recurrence. Patients with longer chloroquine half-lives had more pruritus (RR = 1.09, 1.03; 1.14, p = 0.001). Higher CQ AUCs were associated with reduced falls in haemoglobin by day 14 (Coef − 0.02, − 0.005; − 0.03, p = 0.01). All regimens were well tolerated. Conclusion: Genotyping of P. vivax showed that activation of related (homologous) hypnozoites was the most frequent cause of recurrence. The high proportion of the impaired CYP2D6 activity among patients with recurrent infections suggests that slow primaquine metabolism might influence related relapse rates in Brazil among patients receiving primaquine for radical cure, although confirmatory studies are needed. There was no association between drug exposure of the long-acting ACT component (schizonticidal drugs) and risk of related relapse. ACT was well tolerated. These results provide further re-assuranceabout the safety and efficacy of ACT when combined with short course primaquine to treat uncomplicated malaria vivax in Brazil

O lugar do afeto, o afeto pelo lugar: o que dizem os idosos?

Este estudo investigou os lugares favoritos, os lugares evitados e os afetos a eles relacionados como exemplos de estratégias de regulação das emoções. Um total de 340 participantes (169 homens e 171 mulheres), com idades entre 60 e 90 anos, residentes em Brasília e Natal, responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, indicando os lugares favoritos quando se sentem alegres e quando não se sentem alegres, os lugares evitados e as razões para tais escolhas. Os resultados apontam preferência por ambientes facilitadores de interação social quando se sentem alegres e, em seguida, a sua própria casa. Essas preferências se invertem, quando não se sentem alegres, sendo indicado também que lugares agitados e cheios de estimulação são evitados. Foram encontradas mais similaridades do que diferenças quanto ao local de residência e poucas diferenças quanto ao gênero. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da perspectiva do curso de vida, bem como da influência recíproca pessoa versus ambiente

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status