Implementação de uma unidade industrial para produção de requeijão com doce de abóbora

Este trabalho consiste na apresentação de um projeto, elaborado no âmbito académico da disciplina de Equipamentos e Instalações Industriais do curso de Engenharia Alimentar da Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, que visa a implementação de uma unidade para produção de Requeijão com Doce de Abóbora. Inicialmente faz-se um breve enquadramento e descrição do processo que vai ser utilizado para a produção industrial. Depois apresentam-se alguns aspetos relacionados com a empresa o respetivos recursos humanos, seguindo-se-lhe a parte técnica que compreende as componentes de elaboração de balanços mássicos e diagramas de fabrico, equipamentos, layout e plantas e considerações relativas aos resíduos e/ou efluentes. Por fim é feita uma avaliação de viabilidade, baseada numa análise económica simplificada

Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Cteninae and revision of the genus Celaetycheus (Araneae, Cteninae)

A monofilia da subfamília Cteninae é testada com uma análise cladística usando o método da parcimônia. O resultado da análise demonstra que a subfamília é polifilética como atualmente delimitada. A monofilia de Cteninae requer a exclusão do gênero Celaetycheus e de cinco espécies de Ctenus, C. anahitiformis, C. bulimus, C. inazensis, C. miserabilis e C. tarsalis. A subfamília é composta por Ctenus, gênero que contém a espécie-tipo da família, e pelos gêneros Africactenus, Amauropelma, Anahita, Centroctenus, Isoctenus, Ohvida, Parabatinga, Petaloctenus, Phoneutria, Thoriosa, Trogloctenus e pelo menos mais sete linhagens independentes. A subfamília Cteninae pode ser reconhecida por uma sinapomorfia não-ambígua: campo mediano do epígino protuberante. O clado Cteninae também é sustentado por cinco sinapomorfias ambíguas: êmbolo fixo por membrana, apófise média em forma de copo, condutor hialino, mais largo que longo, quatro dentes na retromargem da quelícera e quelícera com dentículos intermarginais. Apenas duas sinapomorfias descritas acima estão presentes em todas as espécies de Cteninae usadas na análise: o setor mediano do epígino protuberante e a apófise média em forma de copo. O gênero Ctenus, com maior número de espécies da família (cerca de 240), aparece como um grupo polifilético como atualmente delimitado. A monofilia de Ctenus requer a exclusão de 22 espécies usadas nesta análise. As 12 espécies que permanecem em Ctenus sensu estrito formam um clado sustentado por duas sinapomorfias nãoambíguas: campo mediano do epígino com região da abertura de copula projetada e abertura de copulação como um lobo. Alguns padrões evolutivos observados na análise são discutidos. O gênero Celaetycheus Simon é revisado e transferido para a subfamília Calocteninae com base nos resultados da análise cladística de Cteninae. A espécie-tipo, Celaetycheus flavostriatus Simon, é redescrita e oito espécies novas são descritas, todas coletadas no Estado da Bahia, Brasil: Celaetycheus sp. 1 de Uruçuca e Barro Preto; Celaetycheus sp. 2 de Mascote, Pau Brasil, Jussari e Camacan; Celaetycheus sp. 3 de Coaraci, Itagibá e Jequié; Celaetycheus sp. 4 de Prado e Itamarajú; Celaetycheus sp. 5 de Salvador, Mata de São João, Cachoeira e Cruz das Almas; Celaetycheus sp. 6 de Porto Seguro; Celaetycheus sp. 7 de Ilhéus e Uruçuca; Celaetycheus sp. 8 de Camacan. A espécie Celaetycheus modestus Bryant é transferida para o gênero Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit. Um mapa de distribuição das espécies é fornecido.A cladistic analysis using the parcimony method is used to test the monophyly of the subfamily Cteninae. The results of the analysis indicate that the subfamily is poliphiletic as currently delimited. The monophyly of Cteninae requires the exclusion of the genus Celaetycheus and five Ctenus species, C. anahitiformis, C. bulimus, C. inazensis, C. miserabilis and C. tarsalis. The subfamily is composed by Ctenus, the genus which contain the type species of the family, and by the genera Africactenus, Amauropelma, Anahita, Centroctenus, Isoctenus, Ohvida, Parabatinga, Petaloctenus, Phoneutria, Thoriosa, Trogloctenus and at least more seven independent lineages. The subfamily Cteninae can be recognized by one non-ambiguous synapomorphy: swollen median field of the epigynum. The Cteninae clade is also supported by five ambiguous synapomophies: embolus fixed by membranous area, cup-shaped median apophysis, hyaline conductor wider than long, four teeth in the chelicerae retromargin and chelicerae with intermarginal denticles. Only two of the synapomorphies described above are present in all Cteninae species used in the analysis: swollen median field of the epigynum and cup-shaped median apophysis. The genus Ctenus, with the high number of species of the family (about 240), appears as a poliphylec group as currently delimited. The monophyly of Ctenus requires the exclusion of 22 species used in this analysis. The 12 species which remain in Ctenus sensu strict form a clade supported by two non-ambiguous synapomorphies: median field of the epigynum with area of the copulatory opening projected and copulatory opening as a lobe. Some evolutive patterns observed in the analysis are discussed. The genus Celaetycheus Simon is revised and trasferred to the subfamily Calocteninae with basis on the new results of the cladistic analysis of Cteninae. The type species, Celaetycheus flavostriatus Simon is redescribed and eight new species are described, all collected in the State of Bahia, Brazil: Celaetycheus sp. 1 from Uruçuca and Barro Preto; Celaetycheus sp. 2 from Mascote, Pau Brasil, Jussari and Camacan; Celaetycheus sp. 3 from Coaraci, Itagibá and Jequié; Celaetycheus sp. 4 from Prado and Itamarajú; Celaetycheus sp. 5 from Salvador, Mata de São João, Cachoeira and Cruz das Almas; Celaetycheus sp. 6 from Porto Seguro; Celaetycheus sp. 7 from Ilhéus and Uruçuca; Celaetycheus sp. 8 from Camacan. The species Celaetycheus modestus Bryant is transferred to Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit. A distribution map is provided

Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae)

The fauna of Udubidae and Zoropsidae of Sri Lanka is reviewed, the families are diagnosed and a distribution map is provided. The udubid genus Campostichomma Karsch, 1892 is diagnosed and redescribed, C. manicatum Karsch, 1892 is redescribed, and we propose three new species, based on females: C. harasbedda sp. nov., C. mudduk sp. nov. and C. alawala sp. nov. The zoropsid genus Devendra Lehtinen, 1967 is diagnosed and redescribed, D. seriatus (Simon, 1898), D. pumilus (Simon, 1898) and D. pardalis (Simon, 1898), are redescribed, and two new species are proposed: D. saama sp. nov. and D. amaiti sp. nov.436215174FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015/22000-8; 2017/01294-

Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae)

Polotow, Daniele, Griswold, Charles (2017): Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae). Zootaxa 4362 (1): 51-74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.

Afroneutria, a new spider genus of Afrotropical Ctenidae (Arachnida, Araneae)

The new ctenid genus Afroneutria is proposed to include five species: Afroneutria velox (Blackwall, 1865) comb. nov. (type species), A. immortalis (Arts, 1912) comb. nov., A. erythrochelis (Simon, 1876) comb. nov., A. quadrimaculata sp. nov. and A. hybrida sp. nov., all collected in central to southeast Africa. Afroneutria species can be distinguished from the remaining Ctenidae by the presence of a synapomorphic laminar projection on the embolus tip. The genus can also be distinguished by the presence of the following set of characters: elongated cup-shaped median apophysis and elongated and laminar embolus on the male palp; large lateral projections on the epigynum and the spermathecae divided into two parts, dorsal and ventral, in the vulva

Ctenus nigritus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897

Ctenus nigritus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 Figs 3 A–D Ctenus nigritus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897: 81, pl. 3, figs 6 a, 7 a (male holotype from Santarém, 2 ° 26 ˏ 34 ʺS, 54 ° 42 ˏ 28 ʺW, Pará, Brazil, 1896, E.E. Austen col., deposited in BMNH 1896.12. 13.98, examined). Diagnosis. Males of Ctenus nigritus resemble those of C. manauara (Höfer et al. 1994: fig. 7 a–b) by the prominent ventral tegular projection, but can be distinguished by the larger RTA, which is truncated at the apex, and the shape of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 3 A–B). Females resemble those of C. manauara (Höfer et al. 1994: fig. 8 a) by the shape of the epigynal median sector, but can be distinguished by the visible ovoid projection and the apical position of the lateral sector processes (Fig. 3 C). Note. The holotype is faded; the colour description is based on the male and female deposited in MPEG 6939. Description. Male (holotype). Colouration: carapace reddish brown, pars thoracica pale brown, thoracic groove dark brown; black rings around eyes; legs reddish brown, with ventral faces of coxae and femora lighter; chelicerae reddish brown; endites and labium reddish brown, lighter at tips; sternum reddish brown; abdomen gray with several small black spots, with dorsal anterior light area and two gray dark spots in dorsal median area; ventral abdomen with V-shaped black area, from epigastric furrow to spinnerets, with two white spots near epigastric furrow. Total length 14.50. Carapace 8.00 long and 6.20 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.40, ALE 0.25, PME 0.42, PLE 0.50. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, median larger; 4 retromarginal teeth, basal small; with intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 9.00/ patella 3.60 / tibia 8.80 / metatarsus 8.60 / tarsus 2.80 / total 32.80; II: 8.70 / 3.30 / 8.60 / 8.20 / 2.40 / 31.20; III: 7.40 / 3.00/ 6.30 / 7.40 / 2.00/ 26.10; IV: 9.60 / 3.20 / 8.20 / 12.00/ 2.90 / 35.90. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: tibia I and II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 -0, p 1 - 1 - 1 -0, III and IV v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 -0, p 1 - 1 -0; metatarsus I, II v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 -0, p- 1 - 1 -0, III v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 - 1, p 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus IV unmodified. Palp: tibiae as long as cymbium; RTA on apical margin of tibia, short, broad and flattened, pointed ventrally; cymbium elongate, without basal projections; tegulum projected; embolus with large base, short tip and with laminar basal projection; median apophysis cup-shaped, bimarginate and short; conductor hyaline, C-shaped in retrolateral view (Figs 3 A–B). Female (MPEG 6889). Colouration as in male. Total length 15.60. Carapace 6.80 long and 5.60 wide. Clypeus 0.22 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.17, PME 0.34, PLE 0.36. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, median larger; 4 retromarginal teeth, basal small; with intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.10 / patella 3.00/ tibia 5.70 / metatarsus 5.10 / tarsus 1.70 / total 21.60; II: 5.80 / 2.90 / 5.00/ 4.90 / 1.70 / 20.30; III: 5.20 / 2.60 / 3.90 / 4.70 / 1.60 / 18.00; IV: 6.40 / 2.50 / 5.60 / 8.10 / 2.10 / 24.70. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: tibia I and II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2, r0, p0, III and IV v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1, p 1 - 1; metatarsus I, II v 2 - 2 - 2, r0, p0, III v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1, p 1 - 1, IV v 1 - 1 - 1-2 - 2, r 1 - 1, p 1 - 1. Epigynum: median sector subrectangular, invaginated anteriorly; with two projecting ovoid lobes; lateral spurs originating medially in lateral sector (Fig. 3 C); oval spermathecae; copulatory ducts, long, large and curved; fertilization duct short, originating from retrolateral side of spermathecae (Fig. 3 D). Variation. 10 males: total length 14.50–24.50; carapace 8.00– 13.70 long; femur I 9.00– 14.20. 10 females: total length 15.60–26.70; carapace 6.80–12.60 long; femur I 6.10–10.30. Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Pará: Almeirim, Laranjal do Jari (00o 35 ' 27.94271 "S 52 o 44 ' 9.24822 "W), 3 females (MPEG 6893, 6908); 1 female (MPEG 6926); (00o 41 ' 25.93745 "S 52 o 49 ' 9.21553 "W) 4 males and 5 females (MPEG 6894, 6895, 6914, 6927, 6932, 6939, 6951); (00o 41 ' 45.28868 "S 52 o 48 ' 32.29253 "W), 1 female (MPEG 6935); 2 males (MPEG 6899, 6901); (00o 42 ' 33.18001 "S 52 o 46 ' 57.49371 "W), 11 females (MPEG 6913, 6915, 6920); 1 male and 11 females (MPEG 6898, 6902, 6906, 6936, 6945, 6949); (00o 42 ' 42.64747 "S 52 o 40 ' 0.86094 "W), 1 female (MPEG 6943); (00o 42 ' 8.76351 "S 52 o 38 ' 8.94836 "W), 1 male and 3 females (MPEG 6888, 6942, 6954, 7595); (00o 49 ' 58.65601 "S 52 o 39 ' 29.69148 "W), 1 female (MPEG 6934); (00o 53 ' 16.53963 "S 52 o 50 ' 41.59495 "W), 1 female (MPEG 6950); (01o01' 32.45885 "S 52 o 54 ' 17.27678 "W), 2 females (MPEG 6918, 6937); 5 males and 4 females (MPEG 6911, 6925, 6931, 6938, 6953); (01o01' 33.12220 "S 52 o 34 ' 2.78573 "W), 2 males and 3 females (MPEG 6886, 6940, 6947); (01o 11 ' 28.30705 "S 52 o 38 ' 51.85530 "W), 2 males and 4 females (MPEG 6892, 6896, 6904, 6941, 6952); (01o 35 ' 13.05213 "S 52 o 39 ' 31.63974 "W), 2 females (MPEG 6889, 6897, 6929); (01o 36 ' 14.72106 "S 52 o 39 ' 9.44026 "W), 1 female (MPEG 6916); Melgaço (Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuanã, 0 1 o 44 ' 15.5 " S 51 o 26 '42.0"W), 1 male and 1 female (MPEG 9322); Juruti (Ramal Pacoval, km 2, 0 2 o 28 ' 0.6 " S 56 o 12 ' 42.2 "W), 1 male (MPEG 14930); (Comunidade Café Torrado), 3 males and 1 female (MPEG 14004, 14931, 14932). Distribution. North of the State of Pará, Brazil (Fig. 7).Published as part of Polotow, Daniele & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2012, Redescription of five Amazonian species of Ctenus Walckenaer (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 3338 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3338.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/28137

Ctenus sigma Schenkel 1953

Ctenus sigma (Schenkel, 1953) Figs 6 A–B Isoctenus sigma Schenkel, 1953: 35, figs 31 a–b (male holotype from El Pozon, 10 ° 58 'N, 68 ° 43 'W, Departamento Acosta, Falcon, Venezuela, XI–XII. 1924, Wiedenmeyer col., deposited in MHMB, examined); Polotow & Brescovit 2009 a: 590. Ctenus sigma: Polotow & Brescovit 2009 a: 590. Diagnosis. Males of Ctenus sigma (Figs 6 A–B) resemble those of Ctenus amphora (Höfer et al. 1994: figs 1 a–b) by the shape of the embolus and the long retrolateral tibial apophysis, but can be distinguished by the absence of an additional ventral projection on the retrolateral tibial apophysis and by the presence of a ventrally pointed tegular projection. Description. Male (holotype). Colouration: carapace reddish brown, pars thoracica pale brown, thoracic groove dark brown; black rings around eyes; legs reddish brown, with ventral faces of coxae and femora lighter; chelicerae reddish brown; endites and labium reddish brown, lighter at tips; sternum reddish brown with lighter borders; abdomen gray, with dorsal anterior light area and two dark gray spots in dorsal median area; ventral abdomen yellowish with sparse dark dots. Total length 12.40. Carapace 6.60 long and 5.20 wide. Clypeus 0.20 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.35, ALE 0.25, PME 0.42, PLE 0.43. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, median larger; 4 retromarginal teeth, basal small; with intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.60 / patella 2.70 / tibia 6.40 / metatarsus 6.70 / tarsus 2.10 / total 24.50; II: 6.60 / 2.70 / 6.30 / 6.60 / 1.80 / 24.00; III: 6.10 / 2.50 / 5.40 / 6.20 / 1.70 / 21.90; IV: 7.50 / 2.70 / 7.30 / 9.30 / 2.60 / 29.40. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: tibia I and II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2, r0, p0, III and IV v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 -0, p 1 - 1 -0; metatarsus I, II v 2 - 2 - 2, r0, p0, III v 2 - 2 - 2, r 1 - 1 - 1, p 1 - 1 - 1; metatarsus unmodified. Palp: tibia shorter than cymbium; retrolateral tibial apophysis slightly sub-apical; retrolateral tibial apophysis nearly as long as cymbium, laminar retro-prolaterally; cymbium without basal projections; tegulum with ventral and basal projection; embolus broad at base, with short tip and with laminar basal projection, indented at tip; median apophysis cup-shaped, bimarginate, short; conductor hyaline, C-shaped in retrolateral view (Figs 6 A–B). Female. Unknown. Other material examined. None. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, north of Venezuela (Fig. 7).Published as part of Polotow, Daniele & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2012, Redescription of five Amazonian species of Ctenus Walckenaer (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae), pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 3338 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3338.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/28137

Fig. 7 in Afroneutria, a new spider genus of Afrotropical Ctenidae (Arachnida, Araneae)

Fig. 7. Afroneutria erythrochelis (Simon, 1876) comb. nov. — A – B. Male palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. — C – D. Female genitalia. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm

FIGURE 6 in Chinja, a new genus of spider from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania (Araneae, Zoropsidae)

FIGURE 6. Female Chinja chinja sp. nov., East Usambara Mts., CASENT9006140 [SEM preparation stub 19-1]. A. Epigynum, ventral. B. Leg IV, metatarsus, retrolateral, calamistrum in box. C. Calamistrum close up

Fig. 10 in Afroneutria, a new spider genus of Afrotropical Ctenidae (Arachnida, Araneae)

Fig. 10. Afroneutria hybrida sp. nov. Habitus, ♂. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 2 mm