ROMANIAN SMALL TOWNS SEARCHING FOR THEIR IDENTITY

Romanian small towns – urban settlements of less than 20 000 inhabitants, having a polarization function of the socio-economic activities in the narrow rural areas - are considered an interface between rural and urban communities. Determining the identity of small towns is rather difficult, because complex and varied political, social and economic changes occurred in the previous century. Thus, three distinct phases have been established: before 1950 the towns had a rather strong rural character; in 1950-1989 their identity was completely changed under the communist regime; after that they somehow regained their initial identity (that before 1950), or promoted it at higher levels. There is a main discrepancy between the present stage and that before 1989: the then identity wasconventional and constrained whereas today it develops in a natural process conditioned only by the town itself and by the choice of its inhabitants

PARTICULARITIES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ECONOMIC ENTITIES THAT OPERATE IN TRADE

In today's globalised and competitive economy, the use of management accounting information in the management of economic entities is an urgent necessity, with cost control being a desideratum to be pursued by managers at all levels. This research is intended to contribute to the improvement of management accounting in economic entities that operate in trade. Starting from the current Romanian accounting rules regarding the organisation of management accounting, norms that focus mainly on the production activity, the objective of the paper is to develop a methodology for calculating and analyzing costs and results by responsibility centers, applicable in trade. Also, taking into account the standard model of management accounts in class 9 of the Romanian General Chart of Accounts and the specific nature of the activity of selling goods, the research continues with the proposal of a model of accounts adapted to this activity and with examples of accounting entries that can be used in the organisation of management accounting and that bring added value to economic entities operating in trade through the information provided in the decision-making process

Rethinking the territorial pact in the context of European territorial cohesion

The authors argue through this paper, the importance of rethinking the recently abandoned tools that can be reactivated in times of crisis. EU 2020 Strategy and other EU documents create a favorable frame in order to achieve the priorities set by reconsidering the territorial pact concept. Recent documents define the partnership agreement concept, which seems to be more rigid and less flexible than the territorial pact. Having as a starter point Romania’s specifics, there are individualized 10 thematic territorial pacts and 8 global pacts. They must generate territorial synergies capable of ensuring the coherence between regions, states and the European Union as a whole

Investigation on the Incidence, Diagnostic, Possibilities and Design of Prophylactic Treatment in an Outbreak of Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia of Carp

The investigations carried out on a sample of 53 breeders (31 females and 22 males), in a fishing farm of Suatu village, County of Cluj, concerning the incidence of hemorrhagic bacterial septicaemia, diagnosis and profilactico-therapeutic possibilities. Results highlights a incidence of bacteriosis differentiated according to the category of breeders, 54.8% in females and 36.3% in males. Necropsy examination carried out on 3 specimen of suspected bacteriosis, highlights the presence of hemorrhagic skin lesions, which are dotted or diffuse, respectively musculo-cutaneous necrosis and ulcers. Regarding the internal injuries, opening of the body cavity, revealed consistency changes and septicemy form in major internal organs, as well as the presence of a liquid hollow looking sanguinolent.The bacterioscopic examination of smears from the pathologic material (skin surface end internal samples) and colored with the Gram method, reveled bacterial microflora, represented by coccobacillus and straight bacilli or slightly curved, both Gram negative. Furthermore, the bacteriological (culture) exam performed on usual and selective culture mediae, distinguishes the isolation of pure culture bacteriae belonging to the genus Aeromonas. The exam of biochemical traits, with the aid of API 20 E multitest determines that the isolated strains of Aeromonas spp. belong to the species Aeromonas hydrophila, indicted in the emergence and evolution of the bacterial of haemorrhagic septicaemia. Testing strains sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapy (through antibiograma level), reflects the isolated bacteria’s values of sensitivity in decreasing order: amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and enrofloxacilin. However, reduced sensitivity was recorded to tetracycline and ampicillin and resistance to erythromycin.Â

Analysis of Oversulfation in a Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharide Fraction from Bovine Aorta by Nanoelectrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight and Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

A combination of negative ion nano-electrospray ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to analysis of oversulfation in glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides of the chondroitin sulfate type from bovine aorta. Taking advantage of the high-resolution and high mass accuracy provided by the FT-ICR instrument, a direct compositional assignment of all species present in the mixture can be obtained. An oligosaccharide fraction containing mainly hexasaccharides exhibited different levels of sulfation, indicated by the presence of species with regular sulfation pattern as well as oversulfated oligosaccharides with one additional sulfate group. Oversulfation can be directly identified from the high-resolution/high mass accuracy FT-ICR mass spectra according to their specific isotopic fine structure. Location of sulfate groups was analyzed by Q-TOF MS and low-energy CID MS/MS. Tetrasulfated hexasaccharides were analyzed by use of collision-induced dissociation at variable collision energy for an unambiguous assignment of the attachment site of the sulfate groups by minimizing unspecific neutral losses. Cleavage of glycosidic bonds gave rise to B- and C-type ions and their respective complementary Y- and Z-type fragment ions

In search of a relevant index measuring territorial disparities in a transition country. Romania as a case study

Countries in transition to a market economy exhibit increased regional disparities, leading to differences in the standard of life and in the chances of the population to benefit from the radical socio-economic and political changes. Our aim in this article is to find an index other than the gross domestic product, and maybe a synthetic one, capable of measuring territorial imbalances. In search of such an index, we considered 17 indicators to be relevant and applied these to the 41 Romanian counties. The results indicate that territorial disparities in a transition country with a large rural population can be measured by an aggregate index essentially formed by the gross domestic product, the number of inhabitants per room, and the rate of school dropouts

Toward a New Urban Cycle? A Closer Look to Sprawl,Demographic Transitions and the Environment in Europe

[EN] Urban growth is a largely debated issue in social science. Specific forms of metropolitan expansion-including sprawl-involve multiple and fascinating research dimensions, making mixed (quali-quantitative) analysis of this phenomenon particularly complex and challenging at the same time. Urban sprawl has attracting the attention of multidisciplinary studies defining nature, dynamics, and consequences that dispersed low-density settlements are having on biophysical and socioeconomic contexts worldwide. The present commentary provides a brief overview on nature and implications of the latent relationship between sprawl, demographic dynamics, and background socio-environmental contexts with special focus on Europe. Empirical evidence supports the idea that spatial planning should cope more effectively with the increasing environmental and socioeconomic exposure of European regions to sprawl and demographic transitions, being progressively far away from a traditional urban cycle with sequential waves of urbanization, suburbanization, counter-urbanization, and re-urbanization. Growing socio-ecological vulnerability of metropolitan regions was evaluated based on a literature review demonstrating how a better comprehension of the intimate linkage between long-term demographic dynamics and urban cycles is necessary to inform fine-tuned policies controlling sprawl and promoting a sustainable management of peri-urban land.Smiraglia, D.; Salvati, L.; Egidi, G.; Salvia, R.; Giménez Morera, A.; Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, R. (2021). Toward a New Urban Cycle? A Closer Look to Sprawl,Demographic Transitions and the Environment in Europe. Land. 10(2):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020127S11410

High performance mass spectrometry for advanced interactomics studies

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding protein, involved in different biological processes, such as angiogenesis, bone signaling, embryonic development, morphogenesis or cartilage metabolism. GAGs, one of its binding partners, are long-unbranched polysaccharides exhibiting a repeating disaccharide unit. Moreover, preceding studies have shown that GAGs play an important role in tissue development, cellular behavior or extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The FGF-GAG noncovalent interactions are of high importance in the biological and biomedical fields of research, as a result of their influence in the tissue regeneration and cell proliferation processes. Here, we have employed one of the most advanced mass spectrometric (MS) techniques consisting of fully automated chip-nanoelectrospray (nanoESI), coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS for studying the FGF-GAG noncovalent complexes. The experiments were conducted in 10 mM ammonium acetate/formic acid, pH 6.8, by incubating FGF-2 and CS disaccharides dissolved in buffer; aliquots were collected after 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes and further submitted to chip-based MS analysis. For the first time, a CS disaccharide was involved in a binding assay with FGF-2. The detected complexes in the screening experiments were further characterized by top-down fragmentation in tandem MS (MS/MS) using collision induced-dissociation (CID) at low ion acceleration energies. CID MS/MS provided data showing for the first time that the binding process occurs via SO3 located at C4 in the GalNAc moiety

Degenerative bony changes in the temporal component of the temporomandibular joint – review of the literature

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes are quite frequent in adults, but not all changes are degenerative. A high prevalence of bone alterations in the TMJs was reported by different research groups. Disturbed remodeling of bony articulating structures occurs because of overloading masticatory forces or because the mechanical loading in the area out-weighs the adaptive capacity of the TMJ structures. Although most of the degenerative TMJ alterations are identified at the level of the condylar process, a complete evaluation of the degenerative modifications encountered in the temporal TMJ region should not be forgotten as they are important for a comprehensive assessment and further management of the clinical situation. Several research groups have described osseous remodeling in the temporal component of the TMJ. Evidence is scarce for degenerative modifications at the level of the articular eminence and thickening of the roof of the glenoid fossa has been associated with osteoarthritis.publishedVersio