Life Cycle Employment and Fertility Across Institutional Environments

In this paper, we formulate a dynamic utility maximization model of female labor force participation and fertility choices and estimate approximate decision rules using data on married women in Italy, Spain and France. The pattern of estimated state dependence effects across countries is consistent with aggregate patterns in part-time employment and child care availability, suggesting that labor market rigidities and lack of child care options are important sources of state dependence. Simulations of the model reveal that Italian and Spanish women would substantially increase their partic- ipation rates were they to face the French institutional environment.Female Employment, Fertility, Child Care, Institutions, Decision Rules

Perspectivas da juventude rural sobre o conhecimento geracional na agricultura familiar

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Educação. Educação do CampoA família é um lugar privilegiado de transmissão da cultura e de conhecimentos, sendo uma experiência importante para a constituição do sujeito. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as perspectivas da juventude rural em relação ao conhecimento geracional na agricultura familiar. O desenho metodológico do estudo é de enfoque qualitativo. Participaram da pesquisa 8 jovens que residem no meio rural do município de Mafra/SC, ambos os sexos, com idade entre 16 a 29 anos. Como instrumento para coleta de dados realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Para a análise dos utilizou-se a análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo revela que os jovens rurais valorizam os conhecimentos geracionais devido a experiências significativas vividas com as pessoas idosas. Viver na atividade agrícola e na rotina do campo desde a infância é outro fator marcante para a aprendizagem dos conhecimentos geracionais.The family is a privileged place for the transmission of culture and knowledge, being an important experience for the constitution of the subject. Thus, this research aimed to identify and analyze the perspectives of rural youth in relation to generational knowledge in family small farming. The methodological design of the study is of qualitative approach. Participated in the research 8 young people who live in the rural area of the municipality of Mafra / SC, both sexes, aged between 16 and 29 years old. Semi-structured interviews was carried to collect data. For the analysis of those we used the analysis of Bardin Content. The study reveals that young farmers value the generated knowledge due to deep experiences with elders. Living in the agricultural routine since childhood is another important factor for learning generational knowledge

Quantifying protein densities on cell membranes using super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging

Surface molecules, distributed in diverse patterns and clusters on cell membranes, influence vital functions of living cells. It is therefore important to understand their molecular surface organisation under different physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we present a model-free, quantitative method to determine the distribution of cell surface molecules based on TIRF illumination and super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). This SOFI-based approach is robust towards single emitter multiple-blinking events, high labelling densities and high blinking rates. In SOFI, the molecular density is not based on counting events, but results as an intrinsic property due to the correlation of the intensity fluctuations. The effectiveness and robustness of the method was validated using simulated data, as well as experimental data investigating the impact of palmitoylation on CD4 protein nanoscale distribution in the plasma membrane of resting T cells.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures plus Supplementary Informatio

K-feldspar pIRIR150 dating of the Late Pleistocene sediments in the NW Khangai Mountains (Mongolia) using a standardized dose-response curve approach

K-feldspar luminescence dating has been widely applied to constrain the timing of Quaternary sedimentation in different environments. However, the measurements are time-consuming. Meanwhile, anomalous fading and partial bleaching are the two potential problems inducing dating uncertainty. In this study, sand-size K-feldspar grains extracted from 32 luminescence samples from the northern slope of the Khangai Mountains, Mongolia, were dated using the post-infrared (IR) infrared stimulated luminescence protocol (pIRIR150. subscript shows the second stimulation temperature). The standardized dose-response curves (sDRCs) for luminescence dating, which could improve the measurement efficiency, were constructed. The K-feldspar luminescence chronology has been established after careful investigations of fading correction and bleaching degree of the signals. The sDRCs and individual DRC yield consistent ages, indicating that sDRCs are applicable for luminescence dating with an improvement in measurement efficiency. The fading corrected ages using the two fading correction models are generally in agreement. Based on age comparisons between the radiocarbon dates, the fading corrected pIRIR150 and IR50 ages, the pIRIR150 signal was not fully bleached for several samples. In contrast, some IR50 ages were overestimated due to fading over-correction. The investigated profiles have documented the sedimentary information since the last deglaciation

Mikromorphologie verschiedener Kieselsäurephasen in Böden im Alentejo (Süd-Portugal)

Tertiäre Böden im Baixo Alentejo (Süd-Portugal) weisen häufig Zementierungen (Duripans) im Unterboden auf. Mikromor-phologische Analysen ergaben, dass im intramontanen Becken von Oriola Paly-gorskit- und Kalkanreicherungen in enger Assoziation auftreten. Am Übergang ins Sado-Becken (Baixo Alentejo) treten starke Kalkanreicherungen auf. Mit dem Eintritt ins Sado-Becken enden die Kalk-anreicherungen, und Verkieselung setzt ein. Die überwiegende Mikrokristallinität der Kieselsäure lässt auf einen erhebli-chen Alterungsprozess schließen. Daher wird angenommen, dass die Hauptphase der Verkieselung im ausgehenden Tertiär stattfand

Productivity and conversion of sown grasslands in the plains area of Banat

The sown meadows, consisting of complex mixtures of grassland grasses and legumes species ensure a high level of production, a high quality of feed, an important source of biological nitrogen, which ensures the protein autonomy of the forage system. The paper highlights the influence of the structure of some perennial grasses and legumes, sown in the plains area, on the production of plant dry matter, on the use of the sown grassland, on the conversion into animal products and on the economic efficiency of the pratoecosystem in relation to animals. Carried out studies have shown that sown grasslands, consisting of a complex mixture (Lolium perenne 30 % + Festuca pratensis 30 % + Trifolium repens 20 % + Lotus corniculatus 20 %), in the plains area, used for grazing with sheep, obtains, in average, about 9 t/ha feed dry matter, over 3200 l/ha milk production and very high milk quality (5.5 % protein and 8.0 % fat). The research results showed an increase of sheep’s milk production in complex mixtures in both years of experience, compared to the mixture variant consisting only of grass species. The value of the quality indices of sheep's milk is higher, both in protein and fat, in the grazed variant, sown with a complex mixture of grasses and legumes, compared to the variant sown with only a mixture of grass species. In livestock farms, the complex sown grassland, consisting of several species of grassland grasses and legumes (multispecies) secures and makes the fodder system more efficient, ensuring both the constant increase of the feed value of the fodder and the increase of the quality indices of the animal products