COMPARAÇÃO DA PERCEPÇÃO TEMPORAL DE DOÇURA, AMARGOR E SABOR DE FRUTA EM SUCO DE MANGA RECONSTITUÍDO E ADOÇADO COM SACAROSE, MISTURA CICLAMATO/SACARINA 2:1, ASPARTAME, SUCRALOSE E ESTÉVIA

Foi realizada análise tempo-intensidade dos estímulos doce, amargo e sabor de fruta em suco de manga, adoçado com quatro edulcorantes (ciclamato/sacarina 2:1, aspartame, sucralose e estévia) e com sacarose. A amostra adoçada com estévia apresentou a maior intensidade máxima para os estímulos doce e amargo e essa característica persistiu por longo período, indicando a presença de doçura e de amargor residual intenso. A amostra com sacarose caracterizou-se pelo gosto doce limpo, sem residual amargo. Em relação ao estímulo sabor de fruta, a sacarose exibiu a maior intensidade máxima. Já o aspartame apresentou o maior tempo total de duração do estímulo, indicando potencialização do sabor de fruta por esse edulcorante em suco de manga. O aspartame foi o edulcorante, cujo comportamento sensorial mais se aproximou ao da sacarose na análise tempo-intensidade

<b>SOY YOGURT FORTIFIED WITH IRON AND CALCIUM: STABILITY DURING THE STORAGE</b>

<p align="justify"> The objective of this study was to prepare a soy yogurt, fortifi ed with microencapsulated FeSO4.7H2O (12mg of iron/l) and calcium citrate (600mg of calcium/l), and evaluate the stability of the fi nal product during the storage at 10°C. The soy yogurt without addition of iron and calcium was used as control. Analysis of these samples was done once a week, during 28 days, for: pH, titratable acidity, rheological properties (viscosity and consistency), sensory characteristics (acceptance test) and enumeration of viable cells (L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus). The pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, consistency and acceptance test data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. During the storage was observed a decrease in the pH and increase in the titratable acidity, due to the lactic cultures to be continue viable (107CFU/g) in the product. The fortifi ed yogurt exhibited lower viscosity, but this parameter did not change signifi cantly (p0,05) during the storage time. The acceptance test results showed that the control and fortifi ed samples did not exhibit signifi cant differences (p0,05), during the studied period, in relation to the all sensory attributes evaluated. In conclusion, the present work enabled the development of a iron and calcium fortifi ed soy yogurt, stable during 28 days at 10°C, that could be used in the prevention and control of mineral defi ciencies in general population. </p&gt

Probiotics: the scientific evidence in the context of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generally comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and their main characteristic is the intestinal mucosa inflammation. Although its origin is not yet fully known, there is growing evidence related to genetics, intestinal microbiota composition, and the immune system factors such as precursors for the initiation and progression of intestinal conditions. The use of certain probiotic microorganisms has been touted as a possible and promising therapeutic approach in reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, specifically ulcerative colitis. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the benefits of probiotics, indicating that some bacterial strains are able to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota and the immune system, and to produce metabolites with anti-inflammatory capacity. The aim of this paper is to bring together the various results and information, based on scientific evidence, that are related to probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease, emphasizing the possible mechanisms involved in this action.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

O EMPREGO DE OKARA NO PROCESSAMENTO DE “HAMBÚRGUER” DE FRANGO FERMENTADO COM LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS CRL 1014

Okara é o resíduo do processo de produção de leite de soja de valor nutricional considerável por apresentar proteínas, lipídeos e fi bras em quantidades signifi - cativas, além de compostos bioativos como as isofl avonas. Grandes quantidades de okara produzidas anualmente no Brasil e demais países têm servido apenas para a alimenta- ção de animais. Tal situação pode ser modifi cada por meio de estudos que demonstrem a viabilidade de sua utilização na alimentação humana. Nesse sentido, a proposta deste trabalho foi desenvolver um “hambúrguer” fermentado com cultivo probiótico à base de carne de frango e com adição de farinha de okara. Foram processadas cinco formulações: F1- 100% de carne de frango não fermentada e contendo sais de cura; F2- 100% de carne de frango fermentada com L. acidophilus; F3 - 90% de carne de frango e 10% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus; F4 - 70% de carne de frango e 30% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus; e F5 - 50% de carne de frango e 50% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus. Todas as formulações foram avaliadas quanto à viabilidade do cultivo probiótico, determinação de rendimento na cocção e porcentagem de encolhimento, pH e características sensoriais. Os resultados indicaram que é viável a elaboração de um produto do tipo “hambúrguer”, fermentado com Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014, à base de carne de frango, adicionado de 10% de farinha de okara

O emprego de okara no processamento de hambúrger de frango fermentado com Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014

Okara is a residue of production process of soy milk, wich has a considered nutritional value for containing proteins, lipids and fi bers in signifi cant amount, besides bioactive compounds, such as isofl avone. Despite these qualities, the great amount of okara produced annually in Brazil and in other countries generates a problem of disposal waste and it has served only for animal food products. Such situation can be changed by studies, that demonstrate the viability of okara’s utilization in human nourishment. Thus, the purpose of this research was to develop a fermented hamburger with a probiotic bacteria, based on chicken meat and okara fl our. Five formulations were processed: F1-100% of chicken meat, unfermented and containing curing salts, F2-100% of chicken meat, fermented with L. acidophilus, F3 - 90% of chicken meat and 10% of okara meal, fermented with L. acidophilus, F4 - 70% of chicken meat and 30% of okara meal, fermented with L. acidophilus; F5 - 50% of chicken meat and 50% of okara meal, fermented with L. acidophilus. All formulations were evaluated for the viability of the probiotic culture, determination of cooking yield and shrinkage percentage, pH and sensory characteristics. The results have demonstrated that it is possible to elaborate a chicken hamburger, fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014, with the addition of 10% okara fl our.Okara é o resíduo do processo de produção de leite de soja de valor nutricional considerável por apresentar proteínas, lipídeos e fi bras em quantidades signifi - cativas, além de compostos bioativos como as isofl avonas. Grandes quantidades de okara produzidas anualmente no Brasil e demais países têm servido apenas para a alimenta- ção de animais. Tal situação pode ser modifi cada por meio de estudos que demonstrem a viabilidade de sua utilização na alimentação humana. Nesse sentido, a proposta deste trabalho foi desenvolver um “hambúrguer” fermentado com cultivo probiótico à base de carne de frango e com adição de farinha de okara. Foram processadas cinco formulações: F1- 100% de carne de frango não fermentada e contendo sais de cura; F2- 100% de carne de frango fermentada com L. acidophilus; F3 - 90% de carne de frango e 10% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus; F4 - 70% de carne de frango e 30% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus; e F5 - 50% de carne de frango e 50% okara fermentada com L.acidophilus. Todas as formulações foram avaliadas quanto à viabilidade do cultivo probiótico, determinação de rendimento na cocção e porcentagem de encolhimento, pH e características sensoriais. Os resultados indicaram que é viável a elaboração de um produto do tipo “hambúrguer”, fermentado com Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014, à base de carne de frango, adicionado de 10% de farinha de okara

Evaluation of the use of probiotic acid lactic bacteria in the development of chicken hambúrguer

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of a hamburger product like processed with chicken meat and okara flour, with reduction of curing salts. A mixture of ingredients containing 90% chicken meat and 10% okara flour was subjected to the following treatments: F1: fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus; F2:75 mg nitrite/kg and fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus; F3: 150 mg nitrite/kg and unfermented. The quality of the “hamburgers” was assessed by physical and chemical analysis (pH, cooking yield and shrinkage), chemical composition, microbiological tests (Salmonella spp., count of sulphite-reducing clostridia, staphylococos coagulase-positive, total coliforms and Escherichia coli) and sensory analysis (sensory acceptance and purchase intent). During the first six days of fermentation, there was a decrease in pH from approximately 6.33 to 5.10. All the samples showed the same chemical composition (p < 0.05). The fermentation process was observed to inhibit the multiplication of microorganisms of several groups: coagulasepositive staphylococci, sulphite-reducing clostridia, Salmonella spp. and E. coli. The different “hamburgers” formulations showed high scores for all the sensory attributes evaluated, without differing from each other (p < 0.05). The results showed that the use of L. acidophilus CRL 1014 enabled the production of a safe product, with good physicochemical and sensory characteristics, in the absence of curing salts

Intake of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium lowers serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic rats

The aim of this study was to obtain an isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti, with suitable sensory properties and to assess the effects of the final product on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic rats. Four isoflavone supplementation procedures were tested, in which the isoflavone was added at these stages: (1) before heat-treatment; (2) after heating and before fermentation; (3) after fermentation and (4) in the okara (by-product of soy milk) flour stirred into the fermented product when consumed. the products were subjected to a test of sensory acceptability. To assess their potential hypocholesterolemic properties in vivo, four groups of rats were used: control (C), hypercholesterolemic (H), hypercholesterolemic plus fermented product (HF) and hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented fermented product (HFI). Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats of groups H, HF and HFI by feeding them on a commercial rat chow to which cholesterol and cholic acid had been added. Total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in the blood of the rats. No significant sensorial differences were detected among the samples of soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones at various processing stages. Rats fed a fermented soy product enriched with isoflavones (HFI group) had significantly (P < 0.05) less serum total cholesterol (15.5%) compared with rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (H group). Non-HDL cholesterol was less (P < 0.05) in rats fed a fermented soy product enriched or not with isoflavones (27.4 and 23.2%) compared to H group. the HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations did not differ significantly among the groups. It was possible to obtain an isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt with satisfactory sensory characteristics. the resulting supplemented soy yogurt was capable of producing a lipid-lowering effect in hypercholesterolemic rats, relative to the animals that did not consume this product.Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Alimentos & Nutr, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-14802901 Araraquara, SP, BrazilSão Paulo State Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Araraquara, SP, BrazilSão Paulo State Univ, Dept Clin Anal, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Hlth Sci, Santos, SP, BrazilCERELA, Reference Ctr Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, ArgentinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Hlth Sci, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Effect of the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: The consumption of foods containing probiotic and prebiotic ingredients is growing consistently every year, and in view of the limited number of studies investigating their effect in the elderly.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of a symbiotic shake containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and fructooligosaccharides on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL; triglycerides > 200 mg/dL and glycemia > 110 mg/dL. Over a total test period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of 200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus, 10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did not contain any symbiotic bacteria. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to the start of the experiment and at 10-day intervals after the beginning of the shake intake. The standard lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) and glycemia, or blood sugar levels, were evaluated by an enzyme colorimetric assay.Results: The results of the symbiotic group showed a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group.Conclusion: The consumption of symbiotic shake resulted in a significant increase in HDL and a significant decrease of glycemia

Analysis of biogenic amines in probiotic and commercial salamis

Biogenic amines (BAs) are mainly formed through decarboxylation of amino acids in fermented food, such as salami, that can occasionally accumulate high concentrations of these compounds. The BAs contents in food are related to raw materials, food microbiota or starter culture used and processing and storage conditions. This study aimed to evaluate BAs profile of salamis from the Brazilian and Italian markets and salamis fermented with probiotic starter culture using HPLC-DAD. Commercial salamis from Brazil and Italy had a great BAs variability regarding the brands, with higher levels for Brazilian samples. In addition, commercial and probiotic samples exhibited a distinct BAs profile in which the first group presented PUT, TYR and SPM, while in probiotic samples there was a predominance of PUT, TYR and CAD. The use of Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 as starter culture in salami production controlled the levels of harmful BAs (PUT, CAD, TRY and HIS) during the storage period, representing an alternative for the market to obtain healthier fermented meat products.Fil: Roselino, Mariana Nougalli. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Maciel, Leonardo Fonseca. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Sirocchi, Veronica. Universita Degli Di Camerino; ItaliaFil: Caviglia, Matteo. Universita Degli Di Camerino; ItaliaFil: Sagratini, Gianni. Universita Degli Di Camerino; ItaliaFil: Vittori, Sauro. Universita Degli Di Camerino; ItaliaFil: Taranto, Maria Pia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Cavallini, Daniela Cardoso Umbelino. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi