Fried food intake estimated by the multiple source method is associated with gestational weight gain

AbstractThis present study aimed to test the association between fried food intake estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24hRs), and the application of the multiple source method (MSM) in relation to gestational weight gain at the second and third trimesters and weight gain ratio (observed weight gain/expected weight gain). We hypothesized that distinct relationships with weight gain would be found given the measurement errors of self-reported dietary approaches. A prospective study was conducted with 88 adult pregnant women. Fried food intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated 85-item FFQ, two to six 24hRs per woman, and the MSM with and without frequency of food intake as covariate. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between fried food estimated by the methods and weight gain. For every 100-g increment of fried food intake, the β (95% confidence interval) for weight gain was β 1.87 (0.34, 3.40) and β 2.00 0.55, 3.45) for estimates using MSM with and without the frequency of intake as covariate, respectively, after multiple adjustments. We found that fried food intake estimated by the FFQ and 24hRs β 0.40 (−0.68, 1.48) and β 0.49 (−0.53, 1.52), respectively, was unrelated to weight gain. In relation to weight gain ratio, a positive association was found for estimates using the MSM with [β 0.29 (0.03, 0.54)] and without the frequency of intake as covariate [β 0.31 (0.07, 0.55)]; and no associations were found for estimates by the FFQ or 24hRs. The data showed that fried food intake estimated the MSM, but not by the FFQ and 24hRs, is associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Associação entre parâmetros do estado nutricional e função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2014Introdução: A Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença genética em que ocorre defeito no transporte do íon cloro causando a desidratação de secreções e a consequente produção de muco hiperviscoso com obstrução das vias aéreas, insuficiência pancreática e má absorção intestinal, o que acarreta no quadro de desnutrição. A desnutrição é considerada mau prognóstico para pacientes com FC e está associada à piora da função pulmonar. Objetivo: Verificar se há associação entre parâmetros do estado nutricional e função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com FC. Métodos: Estudo transversal composto por crianças e adolescentes com e sem FC, com idade entre 6 e 15 anos, estáveis clinicamente, recrutadas em um centro de referência para o tratamento de FC do estado de Santa Catarina. Os parâmetros do estado nutricional avaliados foram a triagem nutricional, parâmetros antropométricos e de bioimpedância elétrica. A partir dos dados antropométricos, foram calculados os percentis de índice de massa corporal para idade (P-IMC) e estatura-para-idade (E/I), escores-z de circunferência do braço (z-CB), dobra cutânea tricipital (z-DCT) e subescapular (z-DCSe) e área muscular do braço (z-AMB), percentual de gordura pelo somatório das dobras cutâneas (%GC). Por meio dos vetores de resistência e reactância originados pela bioimpedância elétrica (BIA), foram calculados o ângulo de fase padronizado (z-AF), escore-z da relação de resistência e de reactância pela altura (z-R/H e z-Xc/H), índice de resistência (cm²/O) e análise vetorial por BIA (BIVA). A função pulmonar foi avaliada pelo volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1%) e considerado como comprometimento valores Abstract: Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease and it is caused by defect in the chloride channel and causes a dehydration of the secretions with hyperviscous mucus leading to chronic airway obstruction and pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal malabsorption and malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with worst pulmonary function and mortality in children with CF. Aims: To examine the association between nutritional status parameters and lung function in children and adolescents with CF. Methods: A cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with and without CF, between 6 and 15 years old, clinically stable, recruited from a reference center for the treatment of FC in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Nutritional screening, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) were assessed. The percentiles of body mass index for age (P-BMI) and height-for-age (H/A) and the z-scores for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC-z), triceps (TSF-z) and subscapular skinfolds thickness (SSF-z) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA-z) were calculated. The fat percentage by the sum of skinfolds (%BF), standardized phase angle (z-PA), the ratio of the resistance and reactance by the height (z-R/H and z-X/H), resistance index and vector analysis by BIA (BIVA) were analyzed. Lung function was assessed by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) and values <80% were considered as impairment of the lung function. T-test, Mann-Whitney, and adjusted Poisson regression were performed, with values expressed in prevalence ratio (PR), considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: Forty-six children and adolescents with CF were evaluated, with 8.5 median age (7.55; 10.78), 47.83% female and 51.3% with FEV1<80%. The median age of the control group was 8.8 years (7.12, 11.42). Children and adolescents with CF had P-BMI, H/A, MUAC-z, MUAMA-z, TSF-z and SSF-z lower than the control group (p <0.05) and higher values of resistance and reactance (p=0.001). However, there was no difference in %BF and z-PA between groups. The resistance index (cm²/O) was lower in children and adolescents with CF (p =0.036). Regarding BIVA, among 13 children and adolescents with CF classified as cachectic or thin, 61.5% had impaired lung function. The anthropometric (P-BMI, z-TSF, z-MUAMA, z-SSF) and BIA (z-R/H, z-Xc/H and resistance index) were associated with pulmonary impairment. Lower anthropometric parameters and higher values of resistance and reactance were associated with increased prevalence of pulmonary involvement. Lower values of the resistance index (cm²/O) was associated with higher prevalence of pulmonary impairment (PR 0.91, p <0.001). The specific nutritional screening tool for children and adolescents with CF and BIVA were also associated with impairment of pulmonary function. The adjusted prevalence of children and adolescents with impaired lung function was 50% higher in children and adolescents classified as lean by BIVA, although not significant (p = 0.120). Children and adolescents at high nutritional risk had PR 4.61 (1.23, 16.96) of impairment of the lung function. Conclusion: It was observed muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue depletion in children and adolescents with CF. The improvement of anthropometric parameters and nutritional screening could result in a reduction in the prevalence of lung impairment in children and adolescents with CF. The increase in vectors of resistance and reactance were associated with higher prevalence of pulmonary impairment. However, no association was observed with PA. The use of the BIA parameters, such as resistance, as tool for nutritional assessment is promising, considering that to up to the moment there are few predictive equations for %BF based on anthropometric or BIA that are specific for CF. Studies are needed with larger samples in order to verify the applicability of BIVA as a tool for nutritional assessment and its incorporation into the assessment protocol for CF

Quantum sensors for dynamical tracking of chemical processes

Quantum photonics has demonstrated its potential for enhanced sensing. Current sources of quantum light states tailored to measuring, allow to monitor phenomena evolving on time scales of the order of the second. These are characteristic of product accumulation in chemical reactions of technologically interest, in particular those involving chiral compounds. Here we adopt a quantum multiparameter approach to investigate the dynamic process of sucrose acid hydrolysis as a test bed for such applications. The estimation is made robust by monitoring different parameters at once

Umbilical vein blood flow: State-of-the-art

Placental blood supply to the fetus can be measured by evaluating the umbilical vein blood flow. Despite its potential application in healthcare, the umbilical vein blood flow volume is still used only in research setting. One of the reasons is a concern regarding its reproducibility, partly due to technology issues. Nowadays, technology improvements make this evaluation accurate and reproducible. The aim of this review is to refresh basic elements of the physiology of umbilical vein blood flow and its analysis. Its evaluation in normal and abnormal fetal growth is also discussed

Recognised-by-law versus other identification systems in pigs: piglets discomfort evaluation and performance testing

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of recognised by Italian law (tattoos) and other (ear tags and injectable transponders) identification systems and to investigate if they caused different levels of short-term discomfort in piglets. Ninety-six ten-day-old piglets – equally assigned to four experimental groups – were identified with electronic ear tags (EET), transponders injected in the auricle base (TAB), in intraperitoneal position (TIP), or ear tattoo (T). Losses, breakages and readability of the identification devices were recorded to evaluate their efficiency. Forty-eight piglets were observed continuously for 5 min after identification. Behavioural indicators of pain, discomfort or ease were recorded in terms of duration of occurrence or frequency. Non-parametric analyses of variance were used to compare time required for the application of the devices and behavioural reactions of piglets. No healing problems or breakages of the electronic devices were observed during the trial. The readability after nine months was 93.8% for EET and TIP, 86.7% for TAB and 0% for T. The time required for the application differed significantly (P<0.001) among the four identification devices. EET and TIP showed better results than T considering losses, breakages, readability and time required for application. Behaviours most frequently recorded were head shaking and ear scratching, observed more frequently in piglets after the application of EET (P<0.001). The application of these identification devices caused a mild discomfort in piglets; further studies should investigate in detail the intensity and duration of reactions to the identification procedure

Media consumption and youth: mapping youth practices of south and southeast Brazil

In this paper we present a comparative analysis of media practices and consumption of south and southeast Brazilian youth. Data are derived from a national comparative research developed between 2012 and 2015 and conducted by Rede Brasil Conectado. We intend to map youth media consumption in the current context of technological, cultural and media convergence. The results covered here are part of an online survey answered by more than nine thousand young people. When analyzing data, we used a qualitative analysis software, Nvivo, that expanded and accelerated the process. We concluded that young people’s profiles in these regions are similar, on the other hand, their media consumption – although being alike – presents important differences on forms and intensity of these consumptions, which we are going to investigate in this study.Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa de práticas de consumo midiático entre jovens das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados são oriundos de uma pesquisa nacional desenvolvida entre 2012 e 2015 pela Rede Brasil Conectado, cujo objetivo foi mapear práticas juvenis no atual contexto de convergência tecnológica, cultural e midiática. Discute-se aqui parte de um questionário on-line respondido nacionalmente por mais de nove mil jovens. Na interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se software de análise qualitativa, o NVivo, que potencializou e acelerou o processo. Sobre os resultados, percebeu-se que o perfil dos jovens dessas regiões é bastante similar e que seu consumo midiático, apesar de se assemelhar por um lado, apresenta nuances destacadas nas formas e intensidades desses consumos, dados que serão explorados ao longo do artigo

Methanol Conversion to Dimethyl Ether in Catalytic Zeolite Membrane Reactors

In this work, two ZSM-5 type zeolite supported membranes were used as catalytic membrane reactors for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via MeOH dehydration. The membranes, both commercial and tubular, had the same ZSM-5 zeolite layers, but a different support each (TiO2 and gamma-Al2O3) and were operated as contactors in through flow configuration. The performance of the two membrane reactors was analyzed as a function of the temperature (150-250 degrees C) and feed pressure (120-300 kPa), spanning a wide range of WHSV (1-13.3 g(MeOH) g(Catalyst)(-1) h(-1)) and feed composition (25-100%(mol) MeOH). The ZSM-5-Al2O3 membrane (Si/Al = 200; porosity of the zeolite layer = 0.2; thickness = 50 mu m; area = 50.6 cm(2)) exhibited always a greater conversion than ZSM-5-TiO2 (Si/Al = 200; porosity of the zeolite layer = 0.2; thickness = 63 mu m; area = 18.8 cm(2)), revealing an influence of the membrane support, correspondent to an additional catalytic effect induced by the Al2O3, which further enhanced the DME production. At 200 degrees C and 1 h(-1), this reactor achieved a MeOH conversion of 86.6 +/- 6.7%, very close to thermodynamic equilibrium conversion. In addition, both membrane reactors showed 100% DME selectivity

LAND COVER MAPPING IN THE BRAZILIAN PAMPA WITH LANDSAT OLI AND TIRS BANDS: Mapeamento da cobertura de terra no Pampa Brasileiro com LANDSAT OLI e BANDA TIRS

When different time periods are considered, detection of past and present changes in land cover are enabled, also for quantifying and qualifying those changes. Land cover/use maps are the primary tools for the management and conservation of natural and man-made areas. For this, remote sensing bands of the reflected spectrum are usually used, leaving aside the thermal data. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of the thermal band (b10) of the TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensor of landsat 8 satellite to increase the land cover maps accuracy in the Pampa biome from object-oriented classification. For the development of the research, 11 scenes of the Landsat 8, OLI sensor and TIRS were used. Thus, 14 cells were selected in the Brazilian Pampa, totaling 5% of its area. The following steps were performed: obtaining land surface temperature (LST) data and vegetation indices; data preparation; object-oriented classification; validation with 1354 reference points and analysis of the results. The results showed that the insertion of thermal bands, especially from different dates, increased the discrimination among classes. The classification presented 86% of global accuracy. Therefore, it is recommended to insert thermal data for mapping and environmental monitoring of the Pampa biomeQuando diferentes períodos de tempo são considerados, a detecção de mudanças passadas e presentes na cobertura do solo é utilizada, também para quantificar e qualificar essas mudanças. Os mapas de uso / cobertura do solo são as principais ferramentas para a gestão e conservação de áreas naturais e artificiais. Para isso, normalmente são utilizadas bandas de sensoriamento remoto do espectro refletido, deixando de lado os dados térmicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão da banda térmica (b10) do sensor TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) do satélite Terrestre 8 para aumentar a precisão dos mapas de cobertura do solo no bioma Pampa a partir da classificação orientada a objetos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram utilizadas 11 cenas do Landsat 8, sensor OLI e TIRS. Assim, foram selecionadas 14 células no Pampa brasileiro, totalizando 5% de sua área. As seguintes etapas foram realizadas: obtenção de dados de temperatura da superfície da terra (LST) e índices de vegetação; preparação de dados; classificação orientada a objetos; validação com 1354 pontos de referência e análise dos resultados. Os resultados mostraram que a inserção de faixas termais, principalmente a partir de datas diferentes, aumentou a discriminação entre as classes. A classificação apresentou 86% de acurácia global. Portanto, recomenda-se inserir dados térmicos para mapeamento e monitoramento ambiental do bioma Pampa