Pharmaceutical literature in the medieval oriental world: the Arab recovery of the Medicines' Book in the Syriac language

En este trabajo identificamos los paralelos literarios y el tipo de traducción realizada de ciertos medicamentos de El Libro de las medicinas en una selección de textos médicos-farmacéuticos árabes medievales, cuya apropiación fue fundamental para el desarrollo de la farmacéutica en el mundo del Islam. Indagamos, asimismo, su origen en la tradición médica grecolatina a partir de dos textos farmacéuticos, corroborando la importancia que dicha tradición tuvo para el desarrollo de la medicina en el mediterráneo oriental durante la Edad Media. Estos medicamentos, simples o compuestos, analizados en este artículo con la Hiera de Logadios, fueron identificados por su taxonomía constitutiva. Nuestras conclusiones avalan la asunción general que los cristianos de lengua siríaca fueron traductores de la medicina clásica más tempranos que quienes lo hicieron en lengua árabe.In this work we identify the literary parallels and the way of translation made of some medications from The Syriac Book of Medicines in Syriac on some selected medical medieval Arabic texts, whose appropriation was fundamental for the development of Islamic pharmacy. We also inquire about his origin in the classical tradition from two pharmaceutical texts. Thereby, we corroborate the importance that this tradition had for the development of medicine in the oriental editerranean during the Middle Ages. These medications, simple or compound, analyzed in this article by The Hiera of Logadios, were identified by their constitutive taxonomy. Our conclusions endorse the general assumption that Syriac-speaking Christians were earlier translators of classical medicine than those who did it in Arabic.Fil: Greif, Esteban Augusto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Asade,Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

Probing nearest-neighbor correlations of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice

We demonstrate a probe for nearest-neighbor correlations of fermionic quantum gases in optical lattices. It gives access to spin and density configurations of adjacent sites and relies on creating additional doubly occupied sites by perturbative lattice modulation. The measured correlations for different lattice temperatures are in good agreement with an ab initio calculation without any fitting parameters. This probe opens new prospects for studying the approach to magnetically ordered phases.Comment: 4 figure

Parton theory of magnetic polarons: Mesonic resonances and signatures in dynamics

When a mobile hole is moving in an anti-ferromagnet it distorts the surrounding Neel order and forms a magnetic polaron. Such interplay between hole motion and anti-ferromagnetism is believed to be at the heart of high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates. We study a single hole described by the t-Jz model with Ising interactions between the spins in 2D. This situation can be experimentally realized in quantum gas microscopes. When the hole hopping is much larger than couplings between the spins, we find strong evidence that magnetic polarons can be understood as bound states of two partons, a spinon and a holon carrying spin and charge quantum numbers respectively. We introduce a microscopic parton description which is benchmarked by comparison with results from advanced numerical simulations. Using this parton theory, we predict a series of excited states that are invisible in the spectral function and correspond to rotational excitations of the spinon-holon pair. This is reminiscent of mesonic resonances observed in high-energy physics, which can be understood as rotating quark antiquark pairs. We also apply the strong coupling parton theory to study far-from equilibrium dynamics of magnetic polarons observable in current experiments with ultracold atoms. Our work supports earlier ideas that partons in a confining phase of matter represent a useful paradigm in condensed-matter physics and in the context of high-Tc superconductivity. While direct observations of spinons and holons in real space are impossible in traditional solid-state experiments, quantum gas microscopes provide a new experimental toolbox. We show that, using this platform, direct observations of partons in and out-of equilibrium are possible. Extensions of our approach to the t-J model are also discussed. Our predictions in this case are relevant to current experiments with quantum gas microscopes for ultracold atoms.Comment: 30 pages, 4 appendices, 26 figure

The Early Evolution of Primordial Pair-Instability Supernovae

The observational signatures of the first cosmic explosions and their chemical imprint on second-generation stars both crucially depend on how heavy elements mix within the star at the earliest stages of the blast. We present numerical simulations of the early evolution of Population III pair-instability supernovae with the new adaptive mesh refinement code CASTRO. In stark contrast to 15 - 40 Msun core-collapse primordial supernovae, we find no mixing in most 150 - 250 Msun pair-instability supernovae out to times well after breakout from the surface of the star. This may be the key to determining the mass of the progenitor of a primeval supernova, because vigorous mixing will cause emission lines from heavy metals such as Fe and Ni to appear much sooner in the light curves of core-collapse supernovae than in those of pair-instability explosions. Our results also imply that unlike low-mass Pop III supernovae, whose collective metal yields can be directly compared to the chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor stars, further detailed numerical simulations will be required to determine the nucleosynthetic imprint of very massive Pop III stars on their direct descendants.Comment: submitted to ApJ, comments welcom