Estudios preliminares de los compuestos bioactivos y color de vinos rojos mexicanos de la región de Baja California

The total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant properties of ten commercially wines based on different grape cultivar from Baja California, Mexico were analyzed.  The results showed that the content of phenolic compounds of Vitis vinifera cv. Petit Verdot and  Petit Syrah  wines  had   the most highest values of  total phenolic content (1188.26   and 1148.13 mg GAE/L, respectively), with respect  the another  wines.  However, wines elaborated with three different cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon/Petit Verdot/Merlot), and wine from cultivar Petit Verdot presented the highest total flavonoids content (161.06   mg QE/L and 182.64 mg QE/L, respectively) and total  anthocyanin content  (286.38 mg ME/L and 2548.56 mg ME/L, respectively). In contrast only wine from three grape cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon/Petit Verdot/Merlot), and wine from cultivar Gamay, exhibits the highest antioxidant activity among tested wines. Finally, these results suggest that wine elaborated with different cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon/Petit Verdot/Merlot), is more beneficial to health than others red wines in terms of its higher antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin content and total flavonoid contentSe analizaron los compuestos fenólicos totales, el contenido total de antocianinas y las propiedades antioxidantes de diez vinos comercialmente basados en diferentes cultivares de uva de Baja California, México. Los resultados mostraron que el contenido de compuestos fenólicos de Vitis vinifera cv., Petit Verdot y Petit Syrah presentaron los valores más altos de contenido fenólico total (1188,26 y 1148,13 mg GAE / L, respectivamente), con respecto a los otros vinos. Sin embargo, los vinos elaborados con tres cultivares diferentes (Cabernet Sauvignon / Petit Verdot / Merlot), y el vino del cultivar Petit Verdot presentaron el mayor contenido total de flavonoides (161.06 mg QE / L y 182.64 mg QE / L, respectivamente) y contenido total de antocianinas (286,38 mg ME / L y 2548,56 mg ME / L, respectivamente). En contraste, solo el vino de tres variedades de uva (Cabernet Sauvignon / Petit Verdot / Merlot) y el vino de la variedad Gamay exhiben la mayor actividad antioxidante entre los vinos probados. Finalmente, estos resultados sugieren que el vino elaborado con diferentes cultivares (Cabernet Sauvignon / Petit Verdot / Merlot), es más beneficioso para la salud que otros vinos tintos en cuanto a su mayor actividad antioxidante, contenido total de antocianinas y contenido total de flavonoide

Presencia de Aphis arbuti Ferrari y Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillete) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) en los madroños de la Comunidad de Madrid y estudio de la fumagina asociada.

Determinación de los pulgones asociados al madroño y su relación con los hongos desarrollados sobre la melaza

FAU-Net: An Attention U-Net Extension with Feature Pyramid Attention for Prostate Cancer Segmentation

This contribution presents a deep learning method for the segmentation of prostate zones in MRI images based on U-Net using additive and feature pyramid attention modules, which can improve the workflow of prostate cancer detection and diagnosis. The proposed model is compared to seven different U-Net-based architectures. The automatic segmentation performance of each model of the central zone (CZ), peripheral zone (PZ), transition zone (TZ) and Tumor were evaluated using Dice Score (DSC), and the Intersection over Union (IoU) metrics. The proposed alternative achieved a mean DSC of 84.15% and IoU of 76.9% in the test set, outperforming most of the studied models in this work except from R2U-Net and attention R2U-Net architectures.Comment: This paper has been accepted at the 22nd Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI 2023

An Improved Method for the Isolation of Total RNA from Avicennia germinans Leaves

Isolation of high-quality RNA of Avicennia germinans L. tissue is difficult due to high levels of phenols and other substances that interfere when using conventional procedures for the isolation. These substances not only decrease the yield but also the quality of RNA is almost poor. We present here a simple RNA protocol and fast methodology that effectively removes these contaminating substances without affecting the yield. The protocol developed is based on the SDS/phenol method with modifications including -mercaptoethanol to prevent oxidation of phenolic complexes, and phenol/chloroform extraction is introduced to remove proteins, genomic DNA, and secondary metabolites, and co-precipitated polysaccharides. Both A 260 /A 230 and A 260 /A 280 absorbance ratios of isolated RNA were around 2 and the yield was about 0.3 mg g Ð1 fresh weight. Good-quality total RNA from leaves of Avicennia germinans could be easily isolated within 2 h by this protocol which avoided the limitation of plant materials and could provide total RNA for all kinds of further molecular studies

Effects of types and doses of yeast on gas production and in vitro digestibility of diets containing maize (Zea mays) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) or oat hay

Two yeast products formulated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated at the same colonyforming units (CFUs) per gram of substrate. Samples of maize, lucerne and oat hays were mixed (0.5 kg) to a proportion of 80% forage (lucerne or oat) with 20% maize (DM basis) and combined with each yeast to obtain 1.5 x 107 or 3.0 x 107 CFU/g DM. There was also a control without yeast. In vitro gas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, and 72 h incubation. There was no forage/yeast interaction. Both yeast products tended to reduce the maximum volume produced quadratically and lag time linearly, while in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased linearly. Ruminal ammonia N and lactic acid were not affected, whereas methane and carbon dioxide tended to be reduced with the intermediate dose of yeast. When the mixture included oat hay, the total volume of gas increased, the lag time decreased, and there was higher IVDMD than in the lucerne-based mixtures, which were associated with lower methane production. Ammonia and lactic acid remained unchanged. The two yeast products showed the same effects on the dynamics of gas production and in vitro digestibility when dosed at the same number of viable cells or CFUs, and there was no interaction with forage quality

Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression.

Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used to predict the outcome of PCa and screening with PSA has resulted in a decline in mortality. However, PSA is not an optimal prognostic tool as its sensitivity may be too low to reduce morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a demand for additional robust biomarkers for prostate cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5) has been implicated in the prognosis of several cancers and it has been previously shown that it is negatively regulated by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in prostate cancer cell lines. The present study investigated the clinical significance of DR5 expression in a prostate cancer patient cohort and its correlation with YY1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression distribution was performed using tissue microarray constructs from 54 primary PCa and 39 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) specimens. DR5 expression was dramatically reduced as a function of higher tumor grade. By contrast, YY1 expression was elevated in PCa tumors as compared with that in PIN, and was increased with higher tumor grade. DR5 had an inverse correlation with YY1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses corroborated these data. The present findings suggested that DR5 and YY1 expression levels may serve as progression biomarkers for prostate cancer

Deep Prototypical-Parts Ease Morphological Kidney Stone Identification and are Competitively Robust to Photometric Perturbations

Identifying the type of kidney stones can allow urologists to determine their cause of formation, improving the prescription of appropriate treatments to diminish future relapses. Currently, the associated ex-vivo diagnosis (known as Morpho-constitutional Analysis, MCA) is time-consuming, expensive and requires a great deal of experience, as it requires a visual analysis component that is highly operator dependant. Recently, machine learning methods have been developed for in-vivo endoscopic stone recognition. Deep Learning (DL) based methods outperform non-DL methods in terms of accuracy but lack explainability. Despite this trade-off, when it comes to making high-stakes decisions, it's important to prioritize understandable Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADx) that suggests a course of action based on reasonable evidence, rather than a model prescribing a course of action. In this proposal, we learn Prototypical Parts (PPs) per kidney stone subtype, which are used by the DL model to generate an output classification. Using PPs in the classification task enables case-based reasoning explanations for such output, thus making the model interpretable. In addition, we modify global visual characteristics to describe their relevance to the PPs and the sensitivity of our model's performance. With this, we provide explanations with additional information at the sample, class and model levels in contrast to previous works. Although our implementation's average accuracy is lower than state-of-the-art (SOTA) non-interpretable DL models by 1.5 %, our models perform 2.8% better on perturbed images with a lower standard deviation, without adversarial training. Thus, Learning PPs has the potential to create more robust DL models.Comment: This paper has been accepted at the LatinX in Computer Vision Research Workshop at CVPR2023 as a full paper and it will appear on the CVPR proceeding

Genetic variability and structure of an isolated population of Ambystoma altamirani, a mole salamander that lives in the mountains of one of the largest urban areas in the world

Amphibians are globally threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation; species within the order Ambystoma are not the exception, as there are 18 species of mole salamanders in México, of which 16 are endemic and all species are under some national or international status of protection. The mole salamander, Ambystoma altamirani is a microendemic species, which is distributed in central México, within the trans-Mexican volcanic belt, and is one of the most threatened species due to habitat destruction and the introduction of exotic species. Nine microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure, genetic variability, effective population size, presence of bottlenecks and inbreeding coefficient of one population of A. altamirani to generate information which might help to protect and conserve this threatened species. We found two genetic subpopulations with significant level of genetic structure (FST = 0.005) and high levels of genetic variability (Ho = 0.883; He = 0.621); we also found a small population size (Ne = 8.8), the presence of historical (M = 0.486) and recent bottlenecks under IAM and TPM models, with a low, but significant coefficient of inbreeding (FIS = −0.451). This information will help us to raise conservation strategies of this microendemic mole salamander species