WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health in Latin America: classifying caesarean sections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Caesarean section rates continue to increase worldwide with uncertain medical consequences. Auditing and analysing caesarean section rates and other perinatal outcomes in a reliable and continuous manner is critical for understanding reasons caesarean section changes over time.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed data on 97,095 women delivering in 120 facilities in 8 countries, collected as part of the 2004-2005 Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health in Latin America. The objective of this analysis was to test if the "10-group" or "Robson" classification could help identify which groups of women are contributing most to the high caesarean section rates in Latin America, and if it could provide information useful for health care providers in monitoring and planning effective actions to reduce these rates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall rate of caesarean section was 35.4%. Women with single cephalic pregnancy at term without previous caesarean section who entered into labour spontaneously (groups 1 and 3) represented 60% of the total obstetric population. Although women with a term singleton cephalic pregnancy with a previous caesarean section (group 5) represented only 11.4% of the obstetric population, this group was the largest contributor to the overall caesarean section rate (26.7% of all the caesarean sections). The second and third largest contributors to the overall caesarean section rate were nulliparous women with single cephalic pregnancy at term either in spontaneous labour (group 1) or induced or delivered by caesarean section before labour (group 2), which were responsible for 18.3% and 15.3% of all caesarean deliveries, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The 10-group classification could be easily applied to a multicountry dataset without problems of inconsistencies or misclassification. Specific groups of women were clearly identified as the main contributors to the overall caesarean section rate. This classification could help health care providers to plan practical and effective actions targeting specific groups of women to improve maternal and perinatal care.</p

Associação entre morfologia do ovócito e taxa de fertilização após ICSI Relationship between oocyte morphology and fertilization rate after ICSI

OBJETIVO: verificar a possibilidade de selecionar ovócitos que resultariam em maior taxa de fertilização. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo que analisou a taxa de fertilização após ICSI de 957 ovócitos em metáfase II segundo três parâmetros da morfologia ovocitária: granulações citoplasmáticas, espaço perivitelino e fragmentação do primeiro corpúsculo polar. Os ovócitos foram obtidos de 115 ciclos realizados em 107 mulheres atendidas no CRHC, entre abril e dezembro de 2004. Para a análise estatística das diferenças na taxa de fertilização entre ovócitos "normais" e os que apresentavam cada alteração, utilizou-se o teste de chi2, com nível de confiança de 5 e 10%. RESULTADOS: não se observou diferença significativa na taxa de fertilização segundo as características do corpúsculo polar ou espessura do espaço perivitelino. A taxa de fertilização dos ovócitos com espaço perivitelino apresentando debris foi quase 14 pontos percentuais inferior ao dos ovócitos com espaço "ausente" (p=0,055) e a dos ovócitos com citoplasma granular foi sete pontos percentuais inferior à obtida pelos ovócitos com citoplasma de aspecto normal (p0,05). CONCLUSÕES: os parâmetros da morfologia do ovócito atualmente utilizados não permitem distinguir claramente aqueles que serão fertilizados dos que não serão.PURPOSE: to verify the possibility of identifying oocytes that would result in a higher fertilization rate. METHODS: retrospective analysis of the fertilization rate after ICSI of 957 oocytes in metaphase II according to three morphology parameters: cytoplasm inclusions, thickness of the perivitelline space, and fragmentation of the first polar body. Oocytes were obtained from 115 cycles performed among 107 women attended at the "Centro de Reprodução Humana de Campinas", from April to December of 2004. For the statistical analysis of differences in the fertilization rate between 'normal' oocytes and those presenting each alteration, the chi2 test was used with confidence levels of 5 and 10%. RESULTS: no significant difference in fertilization rate was observed regarding characteristics of the polar body or thickness of the perivitelline space. Fertilization rate among oocytes with perivitelline space with debris was 14 percentage points lower than among oocytes with absent space (p=0.055) and the rate among oocytes with granular cytoplasm was seven percentage points lower than among oocytes with normal cytoplasm (p0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the morphological parameters of oocytes currently being evaluated do not allow us to clearly distinguish those that would lead to a higher fertilization rate and could be used in clinical practice

Current practice in the management of symptoms of endometriosis: a survey of Brazilian gynecologists

OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to assess current medical practice in the diagnosis of endometriosis by Brazilian gynecologists. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study using questionnaires was sent to all gynecologists of the São Paulo State Ob/Gyn Association. RESULTS: A total of 1,660 (31.8%) replies was received. Multiple logistic regression showed that physicians who stated that endometriosis can affect women of all ages was the variable significantly associated with suspicion of endometriosis. Diagnosis was delayed less than 12 months after the first consultation when patients complained of: infertility (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.01-3.22), dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.93) or chronic pelvic pain (CPP) (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.00). Time until diagnosis was shorter when the complaint was dysmenorrhea (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.69) or CPP (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.19-1.91) and when physicians had participated in congresses and lectures on gynecological endoscopy and endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Gynaecologists who are better informed suspect and diagnose endometriosis at an early stage.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as práticas de ginecologistas brasileiros em relação ao diagnóstico da endometriose. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte transversal utilizando questionários enviados a ginecologistas do Estado de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.660 respostas foram recebidas (31,8%). A análise de regressão logística mostrou que médicos que acreditam que a endometriose pode ocorrer em qualquer idade foi a variável, associada a suspeita precoce de endometriose por parte do médico quando a paciente se queixa de: infertilidade (OR = 1.81, 95% IC 1.01-3.22), dismenorréia (OR = 2.16, 95% IC 1.18-3.93) ou dor pélvica crônica (OR = 2.17, 95% IC 1.17-4.00). O tempo até a indicação de um procedimento diagnóstico foi menor para médicos que participaram em congressos e aulas sobre endoscopia ginecológica e endometriose, e quando a queixa da paciente era de dismenorréia (OR = 1.33, 95% IC 1.05-1.69) ou dor pélvica crônica (OR = 1.51, 95% IC 1.19-1.91). CONCLUSÃO: Ginecologistas mais informados suspeitam de endometriose mais precocemente

Práticas e condutas em relação a sintomas de endometriose: pesquisa com ginecologistas brasileiros

OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to assess current medical practice in the diagnosis of endometriosis by Brazilian gynecologists. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study using questionnaires was sent to all gynecologists of the São Paulo State Ob/Gyn Association. RESULTS: A total of 1,660 (31.8%) replies was received. Multiple logistic regression showed that physicians who stated that endometriosis can affect women of all ages was the variable significantly associated with suspicion of endometriosis. Diagnosis was delayed less than 12 months after the first consultation when patients complained of: infertility (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.01-3.22), dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.93) or chronic pelvic pain (CPP) (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.00). Time until diagnosis was shorter when the complaint was dysmenorrhea (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.69) or CPP (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.19-1.91) and when physicians had participated in congresses and lectures on gynecological endoscopy and endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Gynaecologists who are better informed suspect and diagnose endometriosis at an early stage.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as práticas de ginecologistas brasileiros em relação ao diagnóstico da endometriose. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte transversal utilizando questionários enviados a ginecologistas do Estado de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.660 respostas foram recebidas (31,8%). A análise de regressão logística mostrou que médicos que acreditam que a endometriose pode ocorrer em qualquer idade foi a variável, associada a suspeita precoce de endometriose por parte do médico quando a paciente se queixa de: infertilidade (OR = 1.81, 95% IC 1.01-3.22), dismenorréia (OR = 2.16, 95% IC 1.18-3.93) ou dor pélvica crônica (OR = 2.17, 95% IC 1.17-4.00). O tempo até a indicação de um procedimento diagnóstico foi menor para médicos que participaram em congressos e aulas sobre endoscopia ginecológica e endometriose, e quando a queixa da paciente era de dismenorréia (OR = 1.33, 95% IC 1.05-1.69) ou dor pélvica crônica (OR = 1.51, 95% IC 1.19-1.91). CONCLUSÃO: Ginecologistas mais informados suspeitam de endometriose mais precocemente.52552