Jeunes Migrants Et Consommation De Drogues Dans La Region Du Haut-Sassandra En Cote d’Ivoire (Daloa)

The purpose of the present work was to identify the explanatory factors of drug use among young migrants in the Upper Sassandra region, particularly in Daloa. It combined a mixed approach using a questionnaire and interview guide to collect data from all stakeholders involved in the relationship between young migrant status and drug use. In this perspective, young migrants as well as institutional and community actors were interviewed the geographical field of the sub-districts of the city of Daloa which is presented by several works as a hub of immigration. The working hypothesis that the practice of drug use among young migrants in Daloa is determined by factors related to social, psychological and financial vulnerability related to this status is validated in this work

A New Approach to Modelling Students’ Socio-Emotional Attributes to Predict Their Performance in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) are computer-based learning environments that aim to imitate to the greatest possible extent the behavior of a human tutor in their capacity as a pedagogical and subject expert. One of the major challenges of these systems is to know how to adapt the training both to changing requirements of all kinds and to student knowledge and reactions. The activities recommended by these systems mainly involve active student performance prediction that, nowadays, becomes problematic in the face of the expectations of the present world. In the associated literature, several approaches, using various attributes, have been proposed to solve the problem of performance prediction. However, these approaches have failed to take advantage of the synergistic effect of students' social and emotional factors as better prediction attributes. This paper proposes an approach to predict student performance called SoEmo-WMRMF that exploits not only cognitive abilities, but also group work relationships between students and the impact of their emotions. More precisely, this approach models five types of domain relations through a Weighted Multi-Relational Matrix Factorization (WMRMF) model. An evaluation carried out on a data sample extracted from a survey carried out in a general secondary school showed that the proposed approach gives better performance in terms of reduction of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) compared to other models simulated in this paper

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Représentations sociales des tradipraticiens et problématique de leur insertion dans le système de santé public en Côte d’Ivoire

Traditional healers and their method of care are apparently confused with occult and mystical-spiritual practices. It is a type of treatment which, although requested by a large segment of the population in developing countries, on the basis of cultural and traditional achievements, nevertheless faces controversy in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is therefore to understand the social representations of traditional healers among the populations of the city of Bonoua and which give meaning to the problem associated with their integration into the Ivorian public health system. The study is part of a mixed approach mobilizing techniques and tools relating to the theory of social representations. The main results show that the social representations of a subgroup of the population associate traditional therapy practitioners with charlatans, while for another subgroup they constitute a real alternative to modern medicine. The challenge of their integration into the public health system is inherent in the professionalization of the sector.Les tradipraticiens et leur méthode de soins sont semble-t-il confondus aux pratiques occultes et mystico- spirituels. C’est un type de traitement qui, bien que sollicité par une large frange de la population dans les pays en voie de développement, sur la base des acquis culturels et traditionnels, fait face néanmoins à des polémiques en Côte d’Ivoire. L’objectif de la présente étude est de comprendre dès lors les représentations sociales des tradipraticiens chez les populations de la ville de Bonoua et qui donnent sens à la problématique associée à leur insertion au système de santé public ivoirien. L’étude s’inscrit dans une approche mixte mobilisant les techniques et outils afférant à la théorie des représentations sociales. Les principaux résultats montrent que les représentations sociales d’un sous-groupe de la population, associent les pratiquants de la tradithérapie à des charlatans tandis que pour un autre sous-groupe, ils constituent une réelle alternative à la médecine moderne. L’enjeu de leur insertion dans le système de santé public est inhérent à la professionnalisation du secteur

Pollution De L’Air Interieur Et Comportements Des Asthmatiques Lies A La Gestion De La Maladie Dans Les Menages De La Commune De Yopougon (Côte D’ivoire)

La prévalence de l’asthme est en constante augmentation et les facteurs environnementaux dont la pollution de l’air intérieur sont incriminés. La présente étude, réalisée dans la commune de Yopougon en Côte d’Ivoire, vise à analyser le comportement des asthmatiques dans la gestion de la maladie en relation avec la pollution de l’air intérieur. Sur cette base, la théorie du choix rationnel a été retenue pour étayer les comportements des asthmatiques interviewés. Une méthode mixte a été adoptée avec la conduite d’entretiens semi dirigés individuels auprès de 31 patients asthmatiques. L’enquête quantitative a concerné 200 patients asthmatiques. Les résultats indiquent que 63% des enquêtés combinaient l’utilisation du charbon de bois et celle du gaz butane domestique. Les différents combustibles, gaz butane, charbon de bois et bois de chauffe génèrent des polluants lors de leur utilisation ; mais, le gaz butane est celui qui pollue le moins. De même, 68% des asthmatiques optent pour un traitement mixte (moderne et traditionnel). L’asthme dans ce contexte n’est pas contrôlé, 41% ont un asthme persistant, léger et font environ trois crises par semaine. The prevalence of asthma is constantly increasing and environmental factors including indoor air pollution are blamed. This study, which took place in the commune of Yopougon, aims to analyze asthma sufferers’ behaviour in managing the disease in the face of indoor air pollution. To this end, the theory of rational choice was convoked to shed light on the behaviour of asthma patients who participated in the study. A mixed method was used with the conduct of semi-structured individual interviews with 31 asthma patients. Quantitative data were collected from 200 other asthma patients. Results reveal that 63% of the respondents combined the use of charcoal and that of domestic butane gas. The miscellaneous fuels: butane gas, charcoal and firewood generate pollutants during their use; but, butane gas is the one that pollutes the least. In addition, 68% of asthma patients opt for mixed treatment (modern and traditional). Under these circumstances, asthma is not controlled, as 41% of the participants have persistent, mild asthma and undergo about three attacks per week

Comparative study of larvae production by the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus , Linné, 1758) Bouaké strain between earthen ponds and hapas

The aim of this study was to contribute to the development of tilapia aquaculture in Côte d’Ivoire by increasing the productivity of Oreochromis niloticus fry in fish hatcheries. Thus, the production of Oreochromis niloticus larvae was compared between two tilapia breeding systems, earthen ponds and hapas in ponds. Over 98 days, 900 broodstock fish were allowed to reproduce in two ponds of 500 m2 and 900 others in 20 hapas of 50 m2, each installed in two ponds of 1200 m2. The sex ratio was one male for two females at a density of 0.9 breeders/m2 at a density of 450 breeders per pond and 45 breeders per hapa. After breeding broodstock in both systems, larvae were harvested and counted every 14 days. The survival rate and growth of the broodstock, as well as the reproductive performance of the females, were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the survival rates of the broodstock in the two breeding systems (98.1 ± 0.4% in ponds and 97.4 ± 0.5% in hapas). Broodstock, however, showed significantly higher growth in ponds than in hapas. The quantity of larvae produced by females in ponds was significantly higher than that of females bred in hapas (p < 0.05). Hence, the best reproductive performance was recorded in broodstock stocked in ponds (absolute productivity: 93.1 larvae per female, relative productivity: 0.3 larvae per g of female, system productivity: 3.9 ± 0.2 larvae·m−2·day−1)