Internationalisme ou affirmation de la nation? La coopération intellectuelle transnationale dans l'entre-deux-guerres

How did intellectuals and politicians confirm or reinforce national categories, even when they ostensibly promoted visions of an international community? The article addresses this question through a case study of the League of Nations' mechanisms for intellectual cooperation. After a brief discussion of institutional aspects, namely the establishment of League-affiliated committees and institutes in the 1920s, the article focuses on the interplay of transnational and national practices. National actors – for instance intellectuals and organisations from Central and Eastern Europe – targeted the League bodies, evoking both cultural internationalism and national interests. Furthermore, nationhood was projected at international congresses – sometimes openly, sometimes in more subtle terms – with the pronouncements of delegates from Fascist Italy providing an interesting case in point. Finally, the article discusses how individuals sought to reconcile the multilayered nature of their activities; to this end, it considers several figures who were involved in the League’s efforts to foster a 'société des esprits'

Numerical simulation of cyclic oxidation kinetics with automatic fitting of experimental data

This paper proposes a model, based on a Monte Carlo method, to assess cyclic oxidation tests. The numerical code fits automatically the experimental net mass change curves. Oxidation kinetics are identified as well as the relationship between spalling and local oxide thickness or time. The modelling is applied to cyclic oxidation of NiPtAl single crystals at 1150 °C in dry air

Intégration d’une démarche de management par la qualité au sein du Scuba­Shop Villeneuve

Le Scuba-Shop gère sa stratégie de manière instinctive et en s’adaptant continuellement à son environnement. Le magasin ne suit pas de stratégie clairement définie et manque de structure dans son organisation interne. Les pertes de temps sont trop importantes dans certaines activités quotidiennes et il y a peu de suivi dans les divers processus. Le manque d’objectifs à long terme concrets et d’une stratégie de management claire empêchent le fonctionnement efficace et efficient de l’activité

Trophoblasts, invasion, and microRNA.

International audienceMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently become essential actors in various fields of physiology and medicine, especially as easily accessible circulating biomarkers, or as modulators of cell differentiation. To this respect, terminal differentiation of trophoblasts (the characteristic cells of the placenta in Therian mammals) into syncytiotrophoblast, villous trophoblast, or extravillous trophoblast constitutes a good example of such a choice, where miRNAs have recently been shown to play an important role. The aim of this review is to provide a snapshot of what is known today in placentation mechanisms that are mediated by miRNA, under the angles of materno-fetal immune dialog regulation, trophoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis at the materno-fetal interface. Also, two aspects of regulation of these issues will be highlighted: the part played by oxygen concentration and the specific function of imprinted genes in the developing placenta

Spectral Clustering: interpretation and Gaussian parameter

Spectral clustering consists in creating, from the spectral elements of a Gaussian affinity matrix, a low-dimensional space in which data are grouped into clusters. However, questions about the separability of clusters in the projection space and the choice of the Gaussian parameter remain open. By drawing back to some continuous formulation, we propose an interpretation of spectral clustering with Partial Differential Equations tools which provides clustering properties and defines bounds for the affinity parameter

A Method to Increase the Power of Multiple Testing Procedures Through Sample Splitting

Consider the standard multiple testing problem where many hypotheses are to be tested, each hypothesis is associated with a test statistic, and large test statistics provide evidence against the null hypotheses. One proposal to provide probabilistic control of Type-I errors is the use of procedures ensuring that the expected number of false positives does not exceed a user-supplied threshold. Among such multiple testing procedures, we derive the ``most powerful\u27\u27 method, meaning the test statistic cutoffs that maximize the expected number of true positives. Unfortunately, these optimal cutoffs depend on the true unknown data generating distribution, so could never be used in a practical setting. We instead consider splitting the sample so that the optimal cutoffs are estimated from a portion of the data, and then testing on the remaining data using these estimated cutoffs. When the null distributions for all test statistics are the same, the obvious way to control the expected number of false positives would be to use a common cutoff for all tests. In this work, we consider the common cutoff method as a benchmark multiple testing procedure. We show that in certain circumstances the use of estimated optimal cutoffs via sample splitting can dramatically outperform this benchmark method, resulting in increased true discoveries, while retaining Type-I error control. This paper is an updated version of the work presented in Rubin et al. (2005), later expanded upon by Wasserman and Roeder (2006)

Prototype de thermobalance multitêtes avec cyclage thermique rapide

Lorsque la résistance à l’oxydation à haute température des matériaux est testée, l’essai d’oxydation cyclique est souvent utilisé comme référence car il intègre la cinétique d’oxydation isotherme, l’adhérence de l’oxyde, les contraintes mécaniques, le fluage de l’alliage métallique et de l’oxyde dans des conditions proches de celles de l’utilisation. Cet article présente un nouvel outil expérimental, qui permet la mesure simultanée et individuelle de la masse de plusieurs échantillons placés dans la même atmosphère contrôlée pendant le cyclage thermique rapide. Cette thermobalance multitêtes est décrite, en association avec la description de la méthodologie de mesure. Les performances de l’appareil sont données, ceci incluant les vitesses de chauffe et de refroidissement ainsi qu’un essai de mesure de masse continue sur un échantillon de Ni20Cr

Characterizing Flow and Structure of Diabetic Retinal Neovascularization after Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study

Background/Aims. This study evaluates changes of flow and structure of diabetic retinal neovascularization (NV) treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). With OCTA, retinal blood vessels are visualized at high resolution to separately look at flow and structure information without the need for dye injection. We introduce a new measurement method including and combining information of flow and structure. Methods. Retrospective observational case series. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were treated with intravitreal antiVEGF injections. Retinal NV were repeatedly imaged using swept-source OCTA (Zeiss PlexElite 9000) at baseline, after initial treatment block with 3-4 monthly injections, and during a follow-up period of up to 51 weeks. Change of size and flow density of the structural and angio area of NV was assessed. Results. Nine NV in eight eyes of five patients were analyzed with a median follow-up time of 45 weeks. After the initial treatment block, en face structural area regressed, 18.7% ± 39.0% (95% CI 44.2-6.8%, p=0.26), and en face angio area regressed, 51.9% ± 29.5% (95% CI 32.6 to 71.2%, p=0.007). Flow density within the en face structural area decreased by 33% ± 19.2% (95% CI 20.5-45.5%, p=0.0077). Flow density within the en face angio area decreased by mean 17.9% ± 25.2% (95% CI 1.4-34.4%, p=0.066). In two fellow eyes, NV recurrence could be observed before the onset of vitreous bleeding in one. Conclusion. Our study introduces a new quantitative measurement for NV in PDR, combining structure and flow measurement. The structure area remained after treatment, while its flow density and angio area regressed. We propose this measurement method as a more physiological and possibly more comparable metrics