KARAKTERISTIK OSEANOGRAFIS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI DAN TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG DI WILAYAH GUGUSAN PULAU PARI, KABUPATEN KEP.SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Gugusan Pulau Pari secara ekologis mempunyai sebaran terumbu karang yang cukup luas. Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang berperan penting bagi biota laut. Perubahan kondisi oseanografis dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan disitribusi terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik oseanografis, ditribusi dan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang serta menganalisis hubungan keduanya. Karakteristik oseanografis meliputi arus, kecerahan, salinitas dan suhu perairan sedangkan kondisi tutupan terumbu karang diketahui dengan metode transek garis. Hasil pengukuran parameter oseanografis diklasifikasikan kedalam 3 klasifikasi kesesuaian terhadap syarat pertumbuhan karang dan kemudian dilakukan proses overlay. Hasil overlay menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sebelah timur merupakan perairan yang paling sesuai terhadap pertumbuhan karang, sementara di bagian dalam tubir gugusan terumbu karang dan pada bagian goba masuk dalam klasifikasi kurang sesuai. Distribusi karang yang paling luas berdasarkan hasil pengolahan citra Landsat 8 berada pada wilayah timur dan utara. Sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan karang yang paling baik berdasarkan transek garis berada di wilayah selatan pada kedalaman 7 meter dengan presentase tutupan karang keras sebesar 80% sedangkan presentase tutupan karang keras terendah berada di wilayah selatan pada kedalam 4 meter sebesar 35,33 %. Pengaruh lingkungan tempat hidup serta tekanan lingkungan yang diterima oleh terumbu karang menyebabkan pertumbuhan terumbu karang serta distribusinya berbeda-beda

KARAKTERISTIK OSEANOGRAFIS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI DAN TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG DI WILAYAH GUGUSAN PULAU PARI, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Pari Island is part of a cluster of the Seribu Islands which are administratively located in the Thousand Islands District, Jakarta Province. The ecology of Pari Island has a fairly extensive coral reefs. Coral reefis ecosystem that are important for marine life. Changes in oceanographic condition may affect the growth and disitribution of coral reef. Oceanographic parameters such as current, brightness, salinity and temperature can be used as a key to determine the effect of this shifting condition. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristic of oceanographic, to know distribution and lifeform of coral reef and analyis the relation both of them. Oceanographic parameters include brightness, salinity and temperature, while the condition of coral reef cover can be known with the line intercept transect method. The results of measurements of oceanographic parameters are classified into three classifications which compatibleto the requirements of coral growth, and then overlay the map of the classifications. The overlay result show that the waters in the east is most compatibleforthe growth of coral, while on the inside of reef edge and in lagoon is less compatible. Based on the results of image processing Landsat 8 , the most extensive coral distribution is located on the eastern and northern zone. The best coral growth based on transect lines located in the southern region at a depth of 7 meters with a percentage of hard coral cover by 80%, while the lowest percentage of hard coral cover is in the southern region into 4 meters at 35.33%. The influence of the environment in which to live and be accepted by the environmental pressure causes the varies growth and distributionof coral reef

SPATIAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION OF IDEAL AREAS CONSERVATION LOCATION IN TUAL CITY, MALUKU PROVINCE

Tual City is the one of eleven districts / cities in Maluku Province. The city includes an archipelago town, has 66 islands divided into 3 island clusters, covering the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and Dullah. The sea area reaches 19,088 Km2, while the land area is 254.39 km2. The size of the sea in this area indicates the high utilization potential of both fisheries and tourism sector. Based on these, needed resources management the coastal and marine resources effectively, one of them by developing conservation area in coastal area and small islands. Tual City took the initiative to allocate part of its area to be reserved as a marine conservation area. The target of the formation of urban water conservation area Tual is the protection of important marine habitats consisting of coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove, sea turtle nesting beaches and connectivity larvae. This study was conducted to obtain potential locations of marine conservation areas that have high conservation value. Analysis of spatial data using Marxan analysis. This analysis was chosen because it provides the best solution for determining locations that have high conservation value. The results of the study indicate that the area of selected high frequency locations is 125,000 hectares, while 40,000 hectares and 64,000 hectares low. Selected high-frequency locations are in the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and in the waters north of Mas Island and Bair. Based on this study, the cluster of Kur and Tayando Tam islands become the recommended sites requiring the management of marine conservation areas as they are representative of all conservation targets. Keywords Marine Protected Area, Marxan, and Tual Cit

MARINE PROTECTED AREA NETWORK DESIGN: CASE STUDY OF MALUKU PROVINCE

Since 2014, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has started to initate the development of MPA Network in several provinces in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to provide scientific recommendations to the government and stakeholders on MPA Network design that maximizes the ecological functions, protects critical marine habitats and maintains fisheries stocks. Multi-stages spatial analysis and larva connectivity modelling using the best available data in a provincial level were applied. Until December 2015, Maluku Province had seven MPAs with a total of 288,414 ha. Based on spatial analysis, those MPAs had good Replication of critical habitats, but low Representation of critical habitats (3,8% from 20% of ideal representation percentage) that were protected within MPAs. Besides that, only five out of seven MPAs that were connected, i.e. the distance between MPAs is less than 100 km, meanwhile the other two MPAs were isolated from other MPAs. Maluku Province also had several nodes of strong larva connectivity values. This study demonstates the potential to develop an MPA Network in Maluku Province under these several considerations: (1) build new MPAs in several locations such as Buru Island, Maluku Barat Daya, Aru Islands, etc. (2) enlarge the existing MPAs, especially the small size MPAs, and (3) strengthen the roles and functions of management bodies in each MPA and promote an integrated management plan development with all MPA management bodies. Keywords MPA Network, Maluku Province, 3K (Representation, Replication and Connectivity), Larva Connectivit

IDENTIFICATION OF CONSERVATION PRIORITY LOCATION IN INDONESIA BASED ON LAND-SEA CONNECTIVITY

The environment quality around those rivers and canals will affect the health of the coastal ecosystem and biota living in it. Empirically, there is an ecological connection between ecosystem in coastal areas and between coastal areas to the mainland and the high seas. Therefore, marine spatial planning should consider any change on landscape upstream. The aim of this study was to define new locations which have high conservation value based on connectivity between terrestrial and marine. The method used in this study was spatial analysis using systematic conservation planning approach with Marxan as the decision support tool. Marxan works based on scenarios developed by spatial planner. This study was using two primary scenarios: first, consider the existing protected areas; second did not consider the existing protected areas (PAs) to identify the gaps between new priority locations and the existing PAs. The data used in this study were basic spatial data, ecological data, and biodiversity data from various sources. The study area were all islands of Indonesia, devided into seven clusters. Based on those two scenarios, the result of the study shows that there are 108 locations in Indonesia which identified as areas which have high conservation value and also hold potential land-sea connection at once, inside and outside existing protected areas. Based on this study, if in the future the stakeholder have plans to do intervention in those areas primary in conservation field, those identified locations could be considered as new areas. Keywords Spatial analysis, Marxan, Conservation, Connectivity, Land-se

DETERMINING ZONES OF NINE MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN SULAWESI TENGGARA PROVINCE

Southeast Sulawesi Province is part of Sunda Banda Seascape and occupies the area of Coral Triangle that has high biodiversity. One of the way to protect areas of high ecological value is by establishing a Marine Protected Area (MPA). According to Goverment Regulation No. 60/2007 section 17. The purpose of this study is to find potential areas to be recommended as core zones, utilization zones and sustainable fisheries zones or other zones. Marxan analysis is a tool used to identify potential sites for the placement of core zones and utilization zones. The target of conserving this location is to protect the habitat of coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove. The proportions of targets used in the Marxan scenario for all three habitats are 30%, 40% and 50%.  Result of nine MPAs zonation analysis in Southeast Sulawesi recommendations such as: core zone of MPA Muna Barat is 8% and 13% and utilization zone is 12%; Core zone in MPA Bombana is 8.6% and 5.7% meanwhile the utilization zone of 4.6% and 7.5%; Core zone in MPA Kolaka is Kolaka 10% and 6% moreover utilization zone 7%; Core zone of MPA Central Buton is 3% and 2% while utilization zone 9%; Core zone of MPA South Buton while utilization zone of 6.4% and 6.2%; Core zone of MPA Muna is 10% and 7% besides, utilization zone 8,5% and 23%; Core zone MPA North Kolaka is 4% and 7% while utilization zone is 4% and 49%; core zone MPA Buton is 2.5% and 3% while the utilization zones are 2.5% and 2.6%. Keywords Sunda Banda Seascape, Marxan, coral triangl