Solutions to restructuring the network of teacher training institutions in Vietnam

This paper presents an overview of systematising teacher training institutions in several countries around the world and investigates the limitations of Vietnam’s teacher training system. Based on the practical survey and analyzing the opinion of educational experts, the paper proposes a number of solutions for restructuring the teacher training system in Vietnam to overcome the limitations of planning the teacher training institutions and developing their competencies, thereby review, arrange and form a number of key pedagogical universities and other satellite pedagogical universities/ colleges to meet the current requirements of teacher training education

The influence of human genetic variation on early transcriptional responses and protective immunity following immunization with Rotarix vaccine in infants in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam : a study protocol for an open single-arm interventional trial [awaiting peer review]

Background: Rotavirus (RoV) remains the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children aged under five years in both high- and low-middle-income countries (LMICs). In LMICs, RoV infections are associated with substantial mortality. Two RoV vaccines (Rotarix and Rotateq) are widely available for use in infants, both of which have been shown to be highly efficacious in Europe and North America. However, for unknown reasons, these RoV vaccines have markedly lower efficacy in LMICs. We hypothesize that poor RoV vaccine efficacy across in certain regions may be associated with genetic heritability or gene expression in the human host. Methods/design: We designed an open-label single-arm interventional trial with the Rotarix RoV vaccine to identify genetic and transcriptomic markers associated with generating a protective immune response against RoV. Overall, 1,000 infants will be recruited prior to Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccinations at two months of age and vaccinated with oral Rotarix vaccine at two and three months, after which the infants will be followed-up for diarrheal disease until 18 months of age. Blood sampling for genetics, transcriptomics, and immunological analysis will be conducted before each Rotarix vaccination, 2-3 days post-vaccination, and at each follow-up visit (i.e. 6, 12 and 18 months of age). Stool samples will be collected during each diarrheal episode to identify RoV infection. The primary outcome will be Rotarix vaccine failure events (i.e. symptomatic RoV infection despite vaccination), secondary outcomes will be antibody responses and genotypic characterization of the infection virus in Rotarix failure events. Discussion: This study will be the largest and best powered study of its kind to be conducted to date in infants, and will be critical for our understanding of RoV immunity, human genetics in the Vietnam population, and mechanisms determining RoV vaccine-mediated protection. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03587389. Registered on 16 July 2018

An IoT system and MODIS images enable smart environmental management for mekong delta

The smart environmental management system proposed in this work offers a new approach to environmental monitoring by utilizing data from IoT stations and MODIS satellite imagery. The system is designed to be deployed in vast regions, such as the Mekong Delta, with low building and operating costs, making it a cost-effective solution for environmental monitoring. The system leverages telemetry data collected by IoT stations in combination with MODIS MOD09GA, MOD11A1, and MCD19A2 daily image products to develop computational models that calculate the values land surface temperature (LST), 2.5 and 10 (µm) particulate matter mass concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) in areas without IoT stations. The MOD09GA product provides land surface spectral reflectance from visible to shortwave infrared wavelengths to determine land cover types. The MOD11A1 product provides thermal infrared emission from the land surface to compute LST. The MCD19A2 product provides aerosol optical depth values to detect the presence of atmospheric aerosols, e.g., PM2.5 and PM10. The collected data, including remote sensing images and telemetry sensor data, are preprocessed to eliminate redundancy and stored in cloud storage services for further processing. This allows for automatic retrieval and computation of the data by the smart data processing engine, which is designed to process various data types including images and videos from cameras and drones. The calculated values are then made available through a graphic user interface (GUI) that can be accessed through both desktop and mobile devices. The GUI provides real-time visualization of the monitoring values, as well as alerts to administrators based on predetermined rules and values of the data. This allows administrators to easily monitor the system, configure the system by setting alerting rules or calibrating the ground stations, and take appropriate action in response to alerts. Experimental results from the implementation of the system in Dong Thap Province in the Mekong Delta show that the linear regression models for PM2.5 and PM10 estimations from MCD19A2 AOD values have correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.68, and RMSEs of 4.11 and 5.74 µg/m3 , respectively. Computed LST values from MOD09GA and MOD11A1 reflectance and emission data have a correlation coefficient of 0.82 with ground measurements of air temperature. These errors are comparable to other models reported in similar regions in the literature, demonstrating the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed system.</p

Linear Approximation And Asymptotic Expansion Associated With The System Of Nonlinear Functional Equations

This paper is devoted to the study of the following perturbed system of nonlinear functional equations x ∊Ω=[-b,b], i = 1,…., n; where ε is a small parameter, aijk; bijk are the given real constants, Rijk, Sijk , Xijk : Ω → Ω ,gi → Ω →ℝ , Ψ: Ω x ℝ2→ ℝ are the given continuous functions and ƒi :Ω →ℝ are unknown functions. First, by using the Banach fixed point theorem, we find sufficient conditions for the unique existence and stability of a solution of (E). Next, in the case of Ψ ∊ C2(Ω x ℝ2; ℝ); we investigate the quadratic convergence of (E). Finally, in the case of Ψ ∊ CN(Ω x ℝ2; ℝ) and ε sufficiently small, we establish an asymptotic expansion of the solution of (E) up to order N + 1 in ε. In order to illustrate the results obtained, some examples are also give

Застосування методів topsis, mairca та EAMR для багатокритеріального прийняття рішень при шліфуванні кругами з кубічного нітриду бору

Determining the best cutting mode is a common problem for machining processes as well as for CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. It is even more important when it is necessary to choose a solution that meets many goals, which are in conflict. This paper presents the results of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) study on CBN grinding of cylindrical-shaped parts on CNC milling machines. Three MCDM methods,  including TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), MAIRCA (Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis), and EAMR (Evaluation by an Area-based Method of Ranking) were applied in this work. Besides, MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and Entropy methods were used to determine the weights of the criteria. In addition, the Taguchi method with L18 orthogonal array (6^1+3^3) design was used for the design of an experiment, which has four input factors including the depth of dressing cut, the spindle speed, the feed rate, and the wheel diameter. Two criteria, including the surface roughness (SR) and the material removal speed (MRS) were selected as the response outputs. The reason for choosing these two criteria is because SR and MRS are two very important output factors of a mechanical machining process as well as of the CBN grinding process on a CNC milling machine. In particular, these two criteria are always in conflict with each other. Small SR requirements will require small values of the feed speed and the depth of cut. This will lead to the reduction of MRS. From the results of this study, the use of different methods for MCDM was evaluated. In addition, rankings of alternatives have been given according to MCDM methods. Furthermore, the best alternative to guarantee both the minimum SR and the maximum MRS has been foundВизначення найкращого режиму різання є поширеною задачею у процесах механічної обробки, а також шліфування кругами з КНБ (кубічного нітриду бору) на верстатах з числовим програмним управлінням (ЧПУ). Тим більше, коли необхідно вибрати рішення, що відповідає багатьом цілям, які суперечать одна одній. У статті представлені результати дослідження багатокритеріального прийняття рішень (БКПР) щодо шліфування кругами з КНБ деталей циліндричної форми на фрезерних верстатах з ЧПУ. У роботі застосовувалися три методи БКПР, включаючи TOPSIS (метод упорядкованої переваги через подібність до ідеального рішення), MAIRCA (мультиаттрибутний порівняльний аналіз реального та ідеального) і EAMR (оцінка методом зонального ранжування). Крім того, для визначення вагових коефіцієнтів критеріїв використовувалися методи MEREC (метод, заснований на ефектах видалення критеріїв) та Entropy (ентропії). Також для планування експерименту, що має чотири вхідних фактори, включаючи глибину різання, швидкість обертання шпинделя, швидкість подачі та діаметр круга був використаний метод Тагучі з ортогональною матрицею L18 (6^1+3^3). В якості відповідних даних були обрані два критерії, включаючи шорсткість поверхні (ШП) і швидкість знімання матеріалу (ШЗМ). Вибір даних критеріїв обумовлений тим, що ШП та ШЗМ є двома дуже важливими вихідними факторами у процесі механічної обробки, а також шліфування кругами з КНБ на верстаті з ЧПУ. Зокрема, ці два критерії завжди суперечать один одному. Малі вимоги до ШП вимагатимуть невеликих значень швидкості подачі та глибини різання, що призведе до скорочення ШЗМ. За результатами дослідження було оцінено застосування різних методів для БКПР. Крім того, були дані рейтинги альтернативних рішень відповідно до методів БКПР. Також було знайдено найкраще альтернативне рішення, що гарантує як мінімальну ШП, так і максимальну ШЗ

Antimicrobial Lavandulylated Flavonoids from a Sponge-Derived Streptomyces sp. G248 in East Vietnam Sea

Three new lavandulylated flavonoids, (2S,2''S)-6-lavandulyl-7,4'-dimethoxy-5,2'-dihydroxylflavanone (1), (2S,2''S)-6-lavandulyl-5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxylflavanone (2), and (2''S)-5'-lavandulyl-2'-methoxy-2,4,4',6'-tetrahydroxylchalcone (3), along with seven known compounds 4-10 were isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp. G248. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configurations of 1-3 were resolved by comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1-3 exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity. Whereas, two known compounds 4 and 5 exhibited inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.0 µg/mL and 11.1 µg/mL, respectively