Dynamic Scale Genetic Algorithm: An Enhanced Genetic Search for Discrete Optimization

The minimization of operations and support resources of reusable launch vehicles is a complex task, involving discrete optimization and the simulation domain. Genetic algorithms, offering a robust search strategy suitable for integer variables and the simulation domain, can be applied to minimize these resources. This research developed an enhanced genetic algorithm for problems with a linear objective function, the most common class of discrete optimization problems. The dynamic scale genetic algorithm developed here incorporates concepts of implicit enumeration to enhance search. This is achieved by utilizing problem specific information to refine the solution space over successive generations. The utility of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated by comparing its performance, in terms of quality of solutions produced, to that of the simple genetic algorithm. For all test problems, the dynamic scale genetic algorithm consistently produced better solutions in fewer generations. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to optimize the operation and support resources of reusable launch vehicles, through a discrete event simulation model. The least cost solution so obtained represents an improvement over both the simple genetic algorithm, and the previous manual approach of minimizing operation and support resources

A gamification framework demonstrating a complete cycle of vehicle driver performance evaluation

Training through a gamified environment motivates the users in achieving optimal outcome and reduces the complexity of learning by adding factor of entertainment in it. The deployment of serious games in automotive industry is a major leap in technological grounds, as it\u2019s a best way to inculcate safe driving patterns to reduce the fatalities and enhance resource usage which includes car accessories and fuel. The Ph.D. thesis represents Gamification platform aimed to Green Mobility and Safe Driving

A comprehensive review on IoT based smart cities

A smart city uses information and communication technology to improve the utility, share knowledge with the public, and provide a strong sense of community support and local government assistance. Shrewd urban communities are those that make use of brilliant ideas and information as the required resources to address the maintainability issues that urban communities face. Many metropolitan areas are currently becoming more intelligent, utilizing information and innovation to advance transportation, energy consumption, wellness, and air quality, as well as to spur economic growth. A great city's main objective is to streamline municipal operations, promote economic development, and address resident happiness through clever developments and data analysis. We intended to spend a great amount of time reading up on several shrewd urban groups in this post. As a result, some of the key boundaries that can bebuilt include clever management, clever energy, clever building, clever flexibility, clever structure, clever invention, clever medical care, and clever residence. Urban areas collect and analyze information using IoT devices such as connected sensors, lighting, and meters. The foundation, public usage, and administrations, to name just a few, are all progressively developed in urban areas using this knowledge. Smart urban communities focus on improving the lives of their residents in such fundamental areas as strategy effectiveness, reducing waste and everyday problems, improving friendly and financial quality, and enhancing the social consideration of their residents

Basic considerations in electrical generating capacity adequacy evaluation

The primary function of a power system is to supply its customers with electrical energy as economically as possible and with acceptable reliability and quality. Generating capacity adequacy evaluation is the oldest and most extensively studied aspect of power system reliability assessment. A wide range of methods have been developed to perform this evaluation. Two computer programs were developed based on the analytical and simulation techniques and used as tools in this research work. A number of basic considerations in generating capacity adequacy evaluation are investigated. Generating unit residence time distributions and peaking load units are incorporated in the analysis. Two commonly encountered misconceptions regarding the basic system reliability indices are examined by applying the two programs to two reliability test systems. Reliability index probability distributions can be used to supplement the information provided by the expected index values. The concept of creating distributions and the additional information that can be obtained is illustrated in this thesis. Generating unit residence time distributions are generally categorized as being either exponential or non-exponential in form. The exponential distribution is utilized, however, in virtually all practical system studies. The impacts on the system reliability of non-exponential unit state residence time distributions are examined in this research. Peaking load units and base load units have different operating characteristics. The functions of peaking load units vary with changes in the system operating conditions. This is examined in this research. The conclusions and techniques presented in this thesis should prove valuable in power system planning and operation

Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition within the paraventricular nucleus attenuates blood pressure and inflammatory response in a genetic model of hypertension

© 2015 Dange et al. Background: Despite the availability of several antihypertensive medications, the morbidity and mortality caused by hypertension is on the rise, suggesting the need for investigation of novel signaling pathways involved in its pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in various inflammatory diseases, including hypertension. The role of the brain in the initiation and progression of all forms of hypertension is well established, but the role of brain TLR4 in progression of hypertension has never been explored. Therefore, we investigated the role of TLR4 within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN; an important cardioregulatory center in the brain) in an animal model of human essential hypertension. We hypothesized that a TLR4 blockade within the PVN causes a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), inflammatory cytokines and sympathetic drive in hypertensive animals. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were administered either a specific TLR4 blocker, viral inhibitory peptide (VIPER), or control peptide in their PVN for 14 days. MAP was recorded continuously by radiotelemetry. PVN and blood were collected for the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β), anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TLR4, nuclear factor (NF) ΚB activity and plasma norepinephrine (NE) and high mobility group box (HMGB)1 expression, respectively. Results: Hypertensive rats exhibited significantly higher levels of TLR4 in the PVN. TLR4 inhibition within the PVN attenuated MAP, improved cardiac hypertrophy, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS levels, and NFΚB activity in SHR but not in WKY rats. These results were associated with a reduction in plasma NE and HMGB1 levels and an increase in IL-10 levels in SHR. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TLR4 upregulation in PVN plays an important role in hypertensive response. Our results provide mechanistic evidence that hypertensive response in SHR are mediated, at least in part, by TLR4 in the PVN and that inhibition of TLR4 within the PVN attenuates blood pressure and improves inflammation, possibly via reduction in sympathetic activity

A Review on Clinical Intervention Required for Etiopathological Consideration and Management of “Jirna Pratishthay”

The current era put stress, and strain on human population as a result of dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, urbanization, and industrialization, which increase pollution and antibiotic resistance and contribute to the occurrence of numerous diseases. Due to its central location and constant exposure to the outside world, the nose is particularly vulnerable to these risk factors and recurring infections. Jirna Pratishyaya is the sickness that is most frequently spreading. The condition becomes a chronic phase as a result of recurrent attacks, poor treatment, or neglect during the acute period. The current medical system explains a variety of treatment options, such as corticosteroids, antiallergic medications, inhalers, antihistamines, etc., but none of them is completely efficient in treating the disease and avoiding its recurrence, and they all have their own adverse effects. Ayurveda suggested many therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of Jirna Pratishyaya. This review presents types, symptoms and management of Jirna Pratishyaya

Bulk electric system reliability evaluation incorporating wind power and demand side management

Electric power systems are experiencing dramatic changes with respect to structure, operation and regulation and are facing increasing pressure due to environmental and societal constraints. Bulk electric system reliability is an important consideration in power system planning, design and operation particularly in the new competitive environment. A wide range of methods have been developed to perform bulk electric system reliability evaluation. Theoretically, sequential Monte Carlo simulation can include all aspects and contingencies in a power system and can be used to produce an informative set of reliability indices. It has become a practical and viable tool for large system reliability assessment technique due to the development of computing power and is used in the studies described in this thesis. The well-being approach used in this research provides the opportunity to integrate an accepted deterministic criterion into a probabilistic framework. This research work includes the investigation of important factors that impact bulk electric system adequacy evaluation and security constrained adequacy assessment using the well-being analysis framework. Load forecast uncertainty is an important consideration in an electrical power system. This research includes load forecast uncertainty considerations in bulk electric system reliability assessment and the effects on system, load point and well-being indices and reliability index probability distributions are examined. There has been increasing worldwide interest in the utilization of wind power as a renewable energy source over the last two decades due to enhanced public awareness of the environment. Increasing penetration of wind power has significant impacts on power system reliability, and security analyses become more uncertain due to the unpredictable nature of wind power. The effects of wind power additions in generating and bulk electric system reliability assessment considering site wind speed correlations and the interactive effects of wind power and load forecast uncertainty on system reliability are examined. The concept of the security cost associated with operating in the marginal state in the well-being framework is incorporated in the economic analyses associated with system expansion planning including wind power and load forecast uncertainty. Overall reliability cost/worth analyses including security cost concepts are applied to select an optimal wind power injection strategy in a bulk electric system. The effects of the various demand side management measures on system reliability are illustrated using the system, load point, and well-being indices, and the reliability index probability distributions. The reliability effects of demand side management procedures in a bulk electric system including wind power and load forecast uncertainty considerations are also investigated. The system reliability effects due to specific demand side management programs are quantified and examined in terms of their reliability benefits

Clinical importance of Marma w.s.r. to Role in Pathological Condition: An Ayurveda Review

Ayurveda as science of life and spiritualism provides many ways of healthy living and focused towards the prevention and treatment of diseases. The observation, supervision and practical understating contributed towards the built up of principles of Ayurveda. Ayurveda presented several concepts related to the physiological functioning and anatomy of body, Marma is one such aspect of Ayurveda considered as resuscitative and penetrable area of the body. These Marma points are presents all over the body including neck, head, trunk & extremities. Marmas points in body mainly built up by groups of muscles, ligaments, vessels, tendons and bones, etc. Marma points are related with Tridosha, Bhutatma and Triguna therefore any injury and trauma to the Marma can lead painful manifestations which may be lethal sometimes. Generally 107 Marma’s described in various Ayurveda literatures which are responsible for many clinical events. The knowledge of Marma points can be utilizes for diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic purposes

MORAL ISSUES IN DOMESTICATION OF GAY RIGHTS IN NIGERIA

The research is on domestication of gay rights in Nigeria. The research analyze the moral issues to be considered before domestication of gay rights in Nigeria. The fact is that Nigeria is a sovereign state that consists of various ethnic and religious beliefs, but most of its citizens share values and ideas as the key concept of societal rules which regulate the behavior and actions of the society. The research examined the religious and moral values of the Nigerian society as well as their stands with respect to the right of gay men in Nigeria. The research method employed in this research work is doctrinal where both the primary and secondary sources of law have been used. The primary sources of law used are International Conventions, Local legislation and case law while the secondary sources comprises of some textbooks and articles in journals. The research also recognized and respect gay men as human being. It further recommended that Nigerian legislatures shall not domesticate any rights that does conform with the religious and moral values of the Nigerian society

Engineering the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of GaP monolayer by substitutional doping: a first-principles study

In this paper we present a thorough first-principles based density functional theory study of the structural stability, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of pristine and doped gallium phosphide (GaP) monolayers. The pristine GaP monolayer is found to have a periodically buckled structure, with an indirect band gap of 2.15 eV. The doping by X (B, Al, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, Cd) at the Ga site, and Y (N, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te, Zn, Cd) at the P site is considered, and an indirect to direct transition is observed after doping by In at the Ga site. For several cases, significant changes in the band gap are seen after doping, while system becomes metallic when O is substituted at the P site. The spin-polarized band structures are calculated for the monolayers with doping-induced magnetism, and we find that for some cases a direct band gap appears for one of the spin orientations. For such cases, we investigate the intriguing possibility of spin-dependent optical properties. Furthermore for several cases, the band gap is very small for one of the spin orientations, suggesting the possibility of engineering half metallicity by doping. For the layers with direct band gaps, the calculated optical absorption spectra are found to span a wide energy range in the visible and ultraviolet regions. The calculated formation energies of both the pristine and doped structures are quite small, indicating that the laboratory realization of such structures is quite feasible. On the whole, our results suggest that the doped GaP monolayer is a material with potentially a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, solar cells, etc.Comment: 39 pages, 17 figure