Qualitative Case Study Regarding Experiences of Freedom of Speech on College and University Campuses in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine how suppression of free speech on college and university campuses in Southtown, USA affects student self-efficacy. The theory guiding my study is Bandura’s social cognitive theory as it will evaluate the interplay between the system and environment sources of influence at Secular university Christian university in Southtown, USA. How has freedom of speech on college and university campuses affected the self-efficacy of college students in faith-based organizations? Interviews and focus groups were utilized to collect data for this central research question. Thematic analysis and coding was utilized to analyze the data collected. The result of my study is that Christian University students do not have as many freedoms as Secular University students when it comes to freedom of speech on their campuses and what is the effect of self-efficacy

One Stitch at a Time: Empowering Women Through Fair Trade Clothing in Sub-Saharan Africa

This thesis aims to determine if fair trade clothing is an effective model to empower women throughout sub-Saharan Africa and to analyze its effectiveness in addressing issues that women throughout this region face every day. The analysis focuses on three specific forms of empowerment; economic, social, and political in order to break down the specific efforts of fair trade clothing, determining how this industry is able to address all of these aspects leading to women’s empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa. My research also includes literature detailing the start of the fair trade industry, critiques of fair trade and ways in which fair trade clothing specifically can improve the livelihoods of women. In analyzing the literature portraying efforts of fair trade to empower women, with examples and case studies of current organizations and businesses working to accomplish the same goal, I have concluded that fair trade clothing can effectively empower women in sub-Saharan Africa. While fair trade clothing can be an effective and sustainable model to promote women’s empowerment, several different types of empowerment, between economic, social, and political forms, must be represented in the model in order for fair trade clothing to truly change and improve the lives of African women

Ranaviruses in North America: A Brief Review in Wild Herpetofauna

Ranaviruses are globally emerging pathogens of poikilothermic vertebrates. They affect over 40 species of amphibians in the USA and at least nine species in Canada. Additionally, ranaviruses have been found in at least eight species of reptiles in the USA and two species in Canada. Several of the species that are known to be affected are listed by state or federal agencies as they are of conservation concern (e.g., Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis and Terrapene carolina carolina). In this brief review, we discuss the diversity and distribution, the species affected, the clinical signs of ranavirus disease (ranavirosis) that one would see in the field, morbidity and mortality events and their likely triggers, and conservation implications from the emergence of ranaviruses in populations of North American herpetofauna. We also would like to stress that ranaviruses are reportable infections in amphibians (according to the OIE, World Health Organization for Animals) and if an infection is suspected, the incident should be reported the proper authorities. Additionally, biosecurity measures should be taken to avoid the spread of ranaviruses between individuals and between field sites

Concurrent renal amyloidosis and thymoma resulting in a fatal ventricular thrombus in a dog

Thymoma‐associated nephropathies have been reported in people but not in dogs. In this report, we describe a dog with thymoma and concurrent renal amyloidosis. A 7‐year‐old castrated male Weimaraner was presented for progressive anorexia, lethargy, and tachypnea. The dog was diagnosed with azotemia, marked proteinuria, and a thymoma that was surgically removed. Postoperatively, the dog developed a large left ventricular thrombus and was euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a left ventricular thrombus and histopathology revealed renal amyloidosis. We speculate that the renal amyloidosis occurred secondary to the thymoma, with amyloidosis in turn leading to nephrotic syndrome, hypercoagulability, and ventricular thrombosis. This case illustrates the potential for thymoma‐associated nephropathies to occur in dogs and that dogs suspected to have thymoma should have a urinalysis and urine protein creatinine ratio performed as part of the pre‐surgical database

Introduction to finishing beef

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Mathematics Teacher Educators\u27 Exploring Self-Based Methodologies

Historically underused methodologies in mathematics teacher education such as narrative inquiry, self-study, and autoethnography (i.e., self-based methodologies) are becoming a more frequent choice of mathematics teacher educators (MTEs). This has opened new challenges for MTEs as they try to disseminate their findings in mathematics education journals. Building from our working group at PME-NA 2018, we respond to the need for creating spaces (communities) where MTEs can feel supported in their study design, implementation, representation of findings, and publication using self-based methodologies. This year, we shift our focus from discussion to mentoring and scholarship on self-based methodologies. We invite MTEs with research projects in any stage of preparation to join us to in discussions meant to promote growth, sustainability, and continued insight into the use of self-based methodologies

Language Mapping in Multilingual Patients: Electrocorticography and Cortical Stimulation During Naming

Multilingual patients pose a unique challenge when planning epilepsy surgery near language cortex because the cortical representations of each language may be distinct. These distinctions may not be evident with routine electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM). Electrocorticography (ECoG) has recently been used to detect task-related spectral perturbations associated with functional brain activation. We hypothesized that using broadband high gamma augmentation (HGA, 60–150 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, ECoG would complement ESM in discriminating the cortical representations of first (L1) and second (L2) languages. We studied four adult patients for whom English was a second language, in whom subdural electrodes (a total of 358) were implanted to guide epilepsy surgery. Patients underwent ECoG recordings and ESM while performing the same visual object naming task in L1 and L2. In three of four patients, ECoG found sites activated during naming in one language but not the other. These language-specific sites were not identified using ESM. In addition, ECoG HGA was observed at more sites during L2 versus L1 naming in two patients, suggesting that L2 processing required additional cortical resources compared to L1 processing in these individuals. Post-operative language deficits were identified in three patients (one in L2 only). These deficits were predicted by ECoG spectral mapping but not by ESM. These results suggest that pre-surgical mapping should include evaluation of all utilized languages to avoid post-operative functional deficits. Finally, this study suggests that ECoG spectral mapping may potentially complement the results of ESM of language

Mathematics Teacher Educators Using Self-Based Methodologies

Narrative inquiry, self-study, and autoethnography (i.e., self-based methodologies) are becoming a more common choice of mathematics teacher educators (MTEs). This has opened new possibilities and challenges for early career MTEs as they try to disseminate their findings in mathematics education journals. Building from our working group at PME-NA 2018 and 2019, we respond to the need for creating a community where MTEs can feel supported in their study design, implementation, representation of findings, and publication using self-based methodologies. This year, we continue our focus on mentoring and scholarship on self-based methodologies. We invite English- and Spanish-speaking MTEs with research projects in any stage of preparation to join us in discussions meant to promote growth, sustainability, and continued insight into the use of self-based methodologies

Food Insecurity, Food Assistance, and Psychological Distress among University Students: Cross-Sectional Survey Western Australia, 2020

University students have been identified as a population sub-group vulnerable to food insecurity. This vulnerability increased in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess factors associated with food insecurity among university students and the differences between students with and without children. A cross-sectional survey of (n = 213) students attending one university in Western Australia measured food insecurity, psychological distress, and socio-demographic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with food insecurity. Forty-eight percent of students who responded to the survey had experienced food insecurity in 2020. International students who were studying in Australia were nine times more likely to experience food insecurity than domestic students (AOR = 9.13; 95% CI = 2.32–35.97). International students with children were more likely to experience food insecurity than international students without children (p < 0.001) and domestic students with (p < 0.001) or without children (p < 0.001). For each unit increase in depression level, the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity increased (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.12–2.33). Findings show a higher prevalence of food insecurity among international university students and students with children during the COVID-19 pandemic and that food insecurity was associated with higher levels of psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of food insecurity among Australian university students, particularly among international students, students with children, and those experiencing psychological distress