Postwar vignettes

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College Women\u27s Knowledge and Understanding of Women Health Issues: A Descriptive Study

Breast self-examinations, pap smears, Obstetrician and Gynecologist (OBGYN) visits, mammograms, and other preventative measures are all vital pieces of women’s health that can help determine a variety of issues and illnesses (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2020). Women are presumed to have acquired information on these issues through certain sources to guide them through their adult lives. Not every woman is familiar with, or follows, the recommended guidelines for breast self-examination or gynecological visits. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 94,000 U.S. women are diagnosed each year with some form of gynecologic cancer, which disproportionately affects underserved and minority populations (CDC, 2019b). If these women were aware of their risk had access to better health care, their cancer may have been prevented or detected earlier. The purpose of this study is to identify these factors influencing a woman’s decision to seek preventative and regular health care. The 33-question survey was developed to collect data and administered to female students enrolled in classes and student organizations at Western Kentucky University (WKU) during spring 2020 semester through Qualtrics, face-to-face classes and at various organizations’ meetings. Results showed that socioeconomic and minority status as well as access to proper insurance coverage were all key variables. Most health information is learned from family members with some areas were also learned from doctors

Remediation Model Used in a Pharmacy Calculations Course

Remediation is a required component of pharmacy programs. In a pharmacy calculations course, two student-centered models of remediation have been utilized. These models were a shift from an intensive, hands-on infrastructure of faculty and student engagement to a more student self-directed process.  The models utilized development of an individualized plan for each student, clearly outlined expectations, faculty availability for consultation, as well as flexibility in remote completion of the assigned activities.  Both models resulted in student success.     Article Type: Not

Effects of Traditional High School Versus Career Academy High School on Literacy and Mathematics Achievement

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the effects by gender and by socioeconomic status between students in career academy high schools versus students in traditional high schools on literacy and mathematics achievement for 8th-11th grade students in 6A and 7A high schools in the state of Arkansas. In the context of this study, relevance has to do with the connection or link established between something learned and an opportunity to apply that learning. Critics of the traditional learning structure argue that because information is learned in isolation, a difficulty arises in how that learning is readily applicable to one’s life. The review of research literature by Cheney et al. established that when implemented correctly, career academies connected students to real-world learning opportunities and assisted students in meeting high academic expectations. They contented, “[T]he Career Academy model is probably the best-established integration reform effort that deals with the academic and motivational issues confronted by at-risk students” (p. 37). Cheney et al. concluded that this integration is paramount in establishing the link between students’ academic needs and motivational aspirations to promote active engagement in the educational process at the highest level. Although the concept of relevance seems static, it provides many opportunities for activity and engagement. Numerous reform movements exist that are available to school districts to implement. Achieving growth in the areas of student achievement, decreasing the dropout rate, and increasing graduation rates are goals any school district would strive to attain (Seltz, 2008). However, it is important to address the issue of change and how to maintain a reform once implemented. Although literature does exist on the subject, more research needs to be conducted to determine if the career academy approach is a viable option. Given literature that finds little or no positive impact on student achievement, there is cause for concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects by socioeconomic status and gender of students in career academy high schools versus students in a traditional high school on literacy and mathematics achievement measured by Arkansas exams for 11th grade students in two 6A and two 7A high schools in the state of Arkansas. By reviewing the change literature and defining the critical attributes of career academy models, insight can be gained on how to sustain change. This study attempted to determine if the implementation of a career academy model contributed to literacy and mathematics achievement for high school students

Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania

Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40025/3/wp639.pd

Groupoid equivalence and the associated iterated crossed product

Given groupoids $G$ and $H$ and a $(G,H)$-equivalence $X$ we may form the transformation groupoid $G\ltimes X\rtimes H$. Given a separable groupoid dynamical system $(A,G\ltimes X\rtimes H,\omega)$ we may restrict $\omega$ to an action of $G\ltimes X$ on $A$ and form the crossed product $A\rtimes G\ltimes X$. We show that there is an action of $H$ on $A\rtimes G\ltimes X$ and that the iterated crossed product $(A\rtimes G\ltimes X)\rtimes H$ is naturally isomorphic to the crossed product $A\rtimes (G\ltimes X\rtimes H)$.Comment: 18 pages; changed typo in titl

Climate-induced changes in ecological dynamics of the Alaskan boreal forest: a study of fire-permafrost interactions

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016A warming climate is expected to cause widespread thawing of discontinuous permafrost, and the co-occurrence of wildfire may function to exacerbate this process. Here, I examined the vulnerability of permafrost to degradation from fire disturbance as it varies across different landscapes of the Interior Alaskan boreal forest using a combination of observational, modeling, and remote sensing approaches. Across all landscapes, the severity of burning strongly influenced both post-fire vegetation and permafrost degradation. The thickness of the remaining surface organic layer was a key control on permafrost degradation because its low thermal conductivity limits ground heat flux. Thus, variation in burn severity controlled the local distribution of near-surface permafrost. Mineral soil texture and permafrost ice content interacted with climate to influence the response of permafrost to fire. Permafrost was vulnerable to deep thawing after fire in coarse-textured or rocky soils throughout the region; low ice content likely enabled this rapid thawing. After thawing, increased drainage in coarse-textured soils caused reductions in surface soil moisture, which contributed to warmer soil temperatures. By contrast, permafrost in fine-textured soils was resilient to fire disturbance in the silty uplands of the Yukon Flats ecoregion, but was highly vulnerable to thawing in the silty lowlands of the Tanana Flats. The resilience of silty upland permafrost was attributed to higher water content of the active layer and the associated high latent heat content of the ice-rich permafrost, coupled with a relatively cold continental climate and sloping topography that removes surface water. In the Tanana Flats, permafrost in silty lowlands thawed after fire despite high water and ice content of soils. This thawing was associated with significant ground surface subsidence, which resulted in water impoundment on the flat terrain, generating a positive feedback to permafrost degradation and wetland expansion. The response of permafrost to fire, and its ecological effects, thus varied spatially due to complex interactions between climate, topography, vegetation, burn severity, soil properties, and hydrology. The sensitivity of permafrost to fire disturbance has also changed over time due to variation in weather at multi-year to multi-decadal time scales. Simulations of soil thermal dynamics showed that increased air temperature, increased snow accumulation, and their interactive effects, have since the 1970s caused permafrost to become more vulnerable to talik formation and deep thawing from fire disturbance. Wildfire coupled with climate change has become an important driver of permafrost loss and ecological change in the northern boreal forest. With continued climate warming, we expect fire disturbance to accelerate permafrost thawing and reduce the likelihood of permafrost recovery. This regime shift is likely to have strong effects on a suite of ecological characteristics of the boreal forest, including surface energy balance, soil moisture, nutrient cycling, vegetation composition, and ecosystem productivity.Introduction -- Chapter 1: Interactive effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland forests -- Chapter 2: Edaphic and microclimatic controls over permafrost response to fire in interior Alaska -- Chapter 3: Landscape effects of wildfire on permafrost distribution in interior Alaska derived from remote sensing -- Conclusions

CSR Consulting in the UK: An Industry Evolving

The increased interest of UK and global firms in social and environment responsibility has driven the growth of a new industry broadly defined as ‘CSR consulting’. Our case study evaluates several features of CSR consultancy in practice. In particular, we have sought to better understand what kinds of organisations operate in this area; the meaning of CSR that underpins their work; the extent to which specialisation in certain CSR areas is occurring; and the challenges and competitive landscape that are defining the industry. Our research reveals an industry that is varied but solidifying as consultancies find niches and establish a particular client base. We find that CSR Consulting is an evolving industry, in step with rapid changes in public and government expectations of firms to demonstrate responsible operations and investments

Science Homework and Parental Involvement: Factors Influencing Behaviors and Attitudes

The purpose of this study is to understand confounding information regarding homework and school achievement. Recent research has sought to identify specific factors impacting student success as it relates to homework including parental involvement, parental education, gender, socio-economic status, computer and internet use, extra-curricular activities, and other factors. Unfortunately, the results of these studies have lacked consensus. The review of the literature shows attempts have been made to isolate co-variates along with important factors such as gender, parental involvement, and student characteristics, but the results have been unclear. This study utilized a qualitative design with interviews, observations, and collection of artifacts to attempt to isolate and understand possible factors influencing homework among seventh grade, high achieving science students and address the gaps in the literature. Interviews with teachers, parents, and students were designed to learn from these varying perspectives possible relationships or similarities that may lead to a better understanding of the relationship between parental involvement, gender, homework, and school achievement

Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania

Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition and development, there has been little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date through 2001. We find strong evidence that access to external finance (loans) increases the growth of both employment and sales. Taxes appear to constrain growth. There is some evidence that entrepreneurial skills increase growth, but only weak evidence for the effectiveness of technical assistance, and only when it is provided by foreign partners or international agencies. A wide variety of alternative measures of the business environment (contract enforcement, property rights, and corruption) are tested, but are found to have little or no association with firm growth.small firms, entrepreneurship, microfinance, business environment